/year

August 21 in history

199 sourced entries recorded on August 21, from 672 CE to 2024 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 672Kōbun is deposed after 8 months, during a brief but violent battle called the Jinshin War. He is succeeded by his uncle Ōama, who becomes the 40th emperor of Japan with support from the Fujiwara family. He takes the name Tenmu, and begins a reign that will continue until 686.source
  • 1131King Baldwin II falls seriously ill, after his return from Antioch. He is moved to the patriarch's residence near the Holy Sepulchre, where he bequeaths the kingdom to his daughter Melisende, her husband Fulk and their infant son, Baldwin. He takes monastic vows, and dies soon after. Baldwin is buried in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, at Jerusalem.source
  • 1140Jin–Song Wars – Battle of Yancheng: Chinese forces under the command of Yue Fei defeat a numerically superior Jin army led by Wuzhu.source
  • 1157Sancho III and Ferdinand II, the sons of King Alfonso VII of Castile, divide his kingdom between them upon his death.source
  • 1169August 21–23 – At the Battle of the Blacks, Saladin crushes a rebellion by Sudanese forces (50,000 men) of the Fatimid army, along with a number of Egyptian emirs and commoners. He never again has to face a military uprising from Cairo.source
  • 1192Minamoto no Yoritomo is granted the title of shōgun, thereby officially establishing the first shogunate in the history of Japan.source
  • 1238Battle of Örlygsstaðir: Chieftain Sighvatr Sturluson and his son, Sturla Sighvatsson, are defeated by Kolbeinn ungi Arnórsson and Gissur Þorvaldsson, for control of Iceland (known as the Age of the Sturlungs).source
  • 1271The counties of Poitou and Toulouse are absorbed into the French domains following the death of Alphonse, Count of Poitiers, son of the late King Louis VIII of France.source
  • 1274Philip III married Marie of Brabant.source
  • 1317Hugues Géraud, the Catholic Bishop of Cahors who is implicated in a plot to assassinate Pope John XXII, is personally questioned by the Pope. Géraud is convicted on August 30 of witchcraft, sacrilege and the June 13 murder of Cardinal Jacques de Via, and is burned at the stake as punishment.source
  • 1377Pope Gregory XI agrees to acknowledge the right of existence of the Bolognese Republic as autonomous within, and separate from, the other Papal States.source
  • 1398King Martin of Aragon, and ruler of Valencia, Majorca and Barcelona, begins the Bona crusade of Christians against the Muslims of Tunisia and departs from the island of Menorca with 13 galleys, 77 warships and 7,500 crusaders toward the Harsid Kingdom, ruled by the Caliph Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz II.source
  • 1400Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine, is elected as King of the Romans.source
  • 1415Conquest of Ceuta: Portugal conquers the city of Ceuta from the Moors, initiating the Portuguese Empire, and European expansion and colonialism.source
  • 1418Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War: The massacre of the Armagnacs ends in Paris after as many as 5,000 people have been killed in retaliation for the assassination of John the Fearless.source
  • 1431The navy of the Republic of Venice, commanded by Admiral Pietro Loredan, gains a major victory over the Republic of Genoa in a battle off of the coast of Rapallo, but fails to overthrow the Doge Battista Spinolasource
  • 1464Emperor Go-Hanazono of Japan abdicates, and is succeeded by his son, Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado.source
  • 1466Eric II, Duke of Pomerania, reconciles with King Casimir IV of Poland after six years of feuding.source
  • 1482In the course of the War of Ferrara in Italy, the Battle of Campomorto is fought as the army of the Papal States, led by Roberto Malatesta defeats troops of the Kingdom of Naples, led by Alfonso, Duke of Calabria.source
  • 1484John de la Pole, 1st Earl of Lincoln, is appointed Lieutenant in Ireland by his uncle Richard III of England.source
  • 1520After wintering in Patagonia in Argentina, the Magellan expedition resumes its attempt to become the first crew to sail around the world.source
  • 1526Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar becomes the first European to sight the Marshall Islands, in the Pacific Ocean.source
  • 1560A total eclipse of the sun is observable in Europe, which inspires Tycho Brahe's interest in astronomy.source
  • 1570Sweden renewed its military involvement in the Livonian War, continuing its efforts to strengthen its influence around the eastern Baltic Sea.source
  • 1573The Duke of Alva begins the siege of Alkmaar in North Holland, before retreating after seven weeks.source
  • 1579County Cavan is officially established following an agreement between Lord Deputy Henry Sidney and King Aodh Connallach Ó Raghallaigh of East Breifne.source
  • 1613The Gjerpen Trial ends. Several priests and two students were found guilty of secretly support Catholicism. They were convicted to loss of benefice and inheritance, and were instructed to leave the country. One of the convicted was Christoffer Hjort.source
  • 1629Huguenot rebellions: Montauban, one of the last Huguenot strongholds, surrenders without a fight to Richelieu's troops.source
  • 1629Huguenot rebellions: Montauban, one of the last Huguenot strongholds, surrenders without a fight to Richelieu's troops.source
  • 1641the Scottish Covenanter army leaves Newcastle upon Tyne.source
  • 1663Concerned about the wintry weather, the Parliament of England holds an intercessory fast.source
  • 1663concerned about the wintry weather, Parliament holds an intercessory fast.source
  • 1673Battle of Texel (Kijkduin): The Dutch fleet under Michiel de Ruyter defeats the English and French fleet. This prevents England's Blackheath Army from landing in Zeeland.source
  • 1673Battle of Texel: The Dutch fleet (under de Ruyter) again defeats the combined Anglo-French fleet.source
  • 1678On the island of Java in modern-day Indonesia, the Kediri campaign begins as Mataram Sultanate and Dutch East India Company (VOC) forces under the command of VOC Captain François Tack begin marching from Jepara toward Kediri to suppress the Trunajaya rebellion that had driven out the Mataram Sultan. They are joined by two other columns of troops over the next fortnight.source
  • 1680In the Pueblo Revolt, the native Pueblo people capture Santa Fe (now in New Mexico) from the Spanish colonists.source
  • 1689First Jacobite rising: Battle of Dunkeld – Covenanters defeat the Jacobites in Scotland.source
  • 1689first Jacobite rising: Battle of Dunkeld: Covenanter Cameronians defeat the Jacobites in Scotland.source
  • 1693The Indian Ocean port of Pondicherry, capital of French India is captured by a 17-ship fleet from the Netherlands and 1,600 men under the command of Laurens Pit the Younger.source
  • 1720Elisha Beadles sends an account of the progress of the Quaker movement in South Wales to London for consideration by the "Meeting for Sufferings".source
  • 1732Mikhail Gvozdev in the Sviatoi Gavriil makes the first known crossing of the Bering Strait, from Cape Dezhnev to Cape Prince of Wales in Alaska, marking the first time that Europeans have reached the northwest coast of North America.source
  • 1740First issue of grog in the Royal Navy.source
  • 1745Catherine the Great, and the heir to the throne, Peter III of Russia get married.source
  • 1752A group of Scottish Presbyterians who had fled to America from Scotland held the first Covenanter communion in the 13 American colonies, meeting in New Kingstown, Pennsylvania.source
  • 1753After receiving a series of warnings about incursions into land claimed by the Crown Colony of Virginia (from the colony's Lieutenant Governor, Robert Dinwiddie), the cabinet of British Prime Minister Henry Pelham votes to send a warning to Britain's colonial governors "to prevent, by Force, These and any such attempts" to encroach on their lands "that may be made by the French, or by the Indians in the French interest." Britain's Secretary of State for the Southern Department, the Earl of Holderness, sends the circular order on August 28.source
  • 1760The church (later cathedral) of Our Lady of Candlemas of Mayagüez (Puerto Rico) is founded, establishing the basis for the founding of the city in the following month.source
  • 1762King Prithvi Narayan Shah of Gorkha conquers Makwanpur.source
  • 1772King Gustav III forces the parliament to accept the Swedish Constitution of 1772.source
  • 1772A coup d'état by King Gustav III is completed by adopting a new Constitution, ending half a century of parliamentary rule in Sweden, and making him an enlightened despot.source
  • 1775American Revolution – Siege of Fort St. Jean: American rebels launch an invasion of Canada.source
  • 1775Generals Schuyler and Richard Montgomery, with 1,000 American Patriots come to Canada, and invite the inhabitants to rebel.source
  • 1784Joseph Bramah receives his first lock patent.source
  • 1788Theater War: The Swedish attack on Russia caused Denmark-Norway to declare war on Sweden in accordance with its treaty obligations to Russia.source
  • 1789A proposal for a Bill of Rights is adopted by the United States House of Representatives.source
  • 1791Haitian Revolution: A slave rebellion breaks out in the French colony of Saint-Domingue.source
  • 1792Royalist Louis Collenot d'Angremont becomes the first person executed by guillotine for political reasons, in Paris.source
  • 1794British troops capture Corsica following the bombardment by Nelson.source
  • 1797Sveinn Pálsson climbs Hekla for the second time.source
  • 1808Peninsular War: Battle of Vimeiro – British-Portuguese troops under Wellesley defeat the French under General Jean-Andoche Junot.source
  • 1810August 20–27 – Battle of Grand Port: The French defeat a Royal Navy frigate squadron attempting to blockade a harbour on Isle de France (Mauritius).source
  • 1810Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal of France, is elected Crown Prince of Sweden, by the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates.source
  • 1816August 12–24 – The Treaty of St. Louis, between the United States and the Council of Three Fires tribes, is signed in St. Louis.source
  • 1821Jarvis Island is discovered in the Pacific by the crew of the Eliza Frances.source
  • 1829August 15–22 – Cincinnati riots of 1829.source
  • 1831Nat Turner's slave rebellion in the United States breaks out in Southampton County, Virginia.source
  • 1837Victor Hugo travels by train for the first time while visiting Belgium.source
  • 1842Hobart Town is proclaimed a city.source
  • 1856The Charter Oak in Hartford, Connecticut, falls to the ground during a stormsource
  • 1858The first of the Lincoln–Douglas debates is held in Illinois.source
  • 1858The first of the seven Lincoln–Douglas debates is held.source
  • 1861August 20–22 – The first modern Welsh National Eisteddfod takes place in Aberdare.source
  • 1862The Vienna Stadtpark opens its gates.source
  • 1863American Civil War: Battle of Lawrence – Lawrence, Kansas is attacked by William Quantrill's raiders, who kill an estimated 200 men and boys. The raid becomes infamous in the North as one of the most vicious atrocities of the Civil War.source
  • 1863American clipper Anglo Saxon westbound is captured and burned by Confederate privateer Florida off Old Head of Kinsale.source
  • 1865Law on tariffs and customs reform published.source
  • 1879Claimed apparition to local people at Knock, County Mayo, Ireland, of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Saint Joseph, Saint John the Evangelist and Jesus Christ (as the Lamb of God).source
  • 1881Portuguese legislative election, 1881.source
  • 18831883 Rochester tornado: An F5 tornado strikes Rochester, Minnesota, leading to the creation of the Mayo Clinic.source
  • 1897The Olds Motor Vehicle Co. is founded in Lansing, Michigan, by Ransom E. Olds.source
  • 1898Clube de Regatas Vasco da Gama is founded in Rio de Janeiro.source
  • 1901The International Secretariat of National Trade Union Centres is founded in Copenhagen.source
  • 1904Fremad Valby is founded.source
  • 1906the Education of Defective Children (Scotland) Act, a permissive act allowing local school boards, either alone or in combination, to make special provision for the education and medical inspection of 'epileptic, crippled or defective' children between the ages of 5 and 16.source
  • 1910August 20–21 – The Great Fire of 1910 wildfire burns about 3 e6acre in northeast Washington, northern Idaho, and western Montana over 2 days and kills 86 people (believed to be the largest fire in recorded United States history).source
  • 1911Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is stolen from the Louvre museum in Paris by Vincenzo Peruggia; the painting is returned in 1913.source
  • 1916WWI: Peru declares neutrality.source
  • 1917most provisions of Corn Production Act 1917 come into force. This guarantees minimum prices for wheat and oats and specifies a minimum wage for agricultural workers.source
  • 1919Friedrich Ebert becomes the first President of Germany (Reichspräsident) under the Weimar Constitution.source
  • 1920August 13–25 – Polish–Soviet War: Battle of Warsaw – The Red Army is defeated.source
  • 1920August 19–25 – Second Silesian Uprising: The Poles in Upper Silesia rise up against the Germans.source
  • 1936August 19–24 – Trial of the Sixteensource
  • 1942WWII: Operation Edelweiss: German forces (Gebirgsjäger) of the 1st Mountain Division place the Nazi swastika flag on the summit of Mount Elbrus, a prominent peak of the Caucasus at 5.629 meters.source
  • 19431943 Australian federal election: John Curtin's Labor government defeats the Country/UAP Coalition, led by former Prime Minister Arthur Fadden. Labor achieves its greatest ever electoral result, including winning every seat (except one) outside of the eastern states. Notably, this election marked the first time that a woman has been elected to both the Senate and the House of Representatives. Fadden will step down from the Opposition leadership, handing it over to Robert Menzies, who will go on to dissolve the UAP and form the Liberal Party shortly after.source
  • 1944The Dumbarton Oaks Conference (Washington Conversations on International Peace and Security Organization) opens in Washington, D.C.: U.S., British, Chinese, French and Soviet representatives meet to plan the foundation of the United Nations.source
  • 1948August 10–23 – The Herrenchiemsee convention prepares the draft for the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany.source
  • 1949Daniel Sivan, Israeli academicsource
  • 1949The Vatican announces that bones uncovered in its catacombs could be those of the apostle Peter; 19 years later, Pope Paul VI announces confirmation that the bones belong to this first pope.source
  • 1949Deportivo Saprissa enters Costa Rican soccer's first division.source
  • 1949The 1949 Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake is Canada's largest earthquake since the 1700 Cascadia earthquake.source
  • 1954The Singapore Labour Front (LF) was founded.source
  • 1957Harald Sverdrup, oceanographer and meteorologist (born 1888)source
  • 1958October 15 – Illinois observes the centennial of the Lincoln–Douglas debates.source
  • 1959The Television Corporation of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, the second Chilean television channel, currently known as Canal 13, begins its transmissions.source
  • 1961Jomo Kenyatta is released from prison in Kenya.source
  • 1963Xá Lợi Pagoda raids: The Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces loyal to Ngô Đình Nhu, brother of President Ngô Đình Diệm, vandalise Buddhist pagodas across South Vietnam, arresting thousands and leaving an estimated hundreds dead. In the wake of the raids, the Kennedy administration by Cable 243 orders the United States Embassy, Saigon to explore alternative leadership in the country, opening the way towards a coup against Diệm.source
  • 1965NASA launches Gemini 5 (Gordon Cooper, Pete Conrad) on the first 1-week space flight, as well as the first test of fuel cells for electrical power on such a mission.source
  • 1968August 20–21 – Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia: The 'Prague Spring' of political liberalization ends, as 750,000 Warsaw Pact troops and 6,500 tanks with 800 aircraft invade Czechoslovakia, the largest military operation in Europe since the end of World War II.source
  • 1969Australian Denis Michael Rohan sets fire to the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.source
  • 1971A bomb made of two hand grenades by alleged communist rebels explodes in the Liberal Party campaign party in Plaza Miranda in Quiapo, Manila the Philippines, injuring several anti-Marcos political candidates.source
  • 1971coup d'etat removes President Torres from office and Junta of Commanders of the Armed Forces 1971 (Bolivia) rules the countrysource
  • 1983Former Senator Benigno Aquino Jr. and Ronaldo Galman are shot dead at Manila International Airport tarmac after his arrival. The event is cited to be a catalyst to the People Power Revolution.source
  • 1984Half a million people in Manila demonstrate against the regime of Ferdinand Marcos.source
  • 1986A power failure hits Metro Manila and most of Luzon at evening, which is purportedly caused by a malfunction at the Ambuklao hydroelectric plant in Benguet. Power in most areas of the capital is restored overnight, but remains disrupted in the rest of Luzon by early morning of the following day.source
  • 1986A radio journalist in Albay reports that a number of children has fallen ill after being provided UNICEF's vitamin A capsules through a provincewide research program by the Ministry of Health and two United States-based groups, which has begun on July 30 to address vitamin A deficiency in the Bicol Region. The subsequent widespread panic in the region leads to the project being indefinitely postponed since August 30. By mid-September, reportedly there are 85 alleged cases of side effects and two deaths from vitamin A. The ministry, following their investigation, would later deny the accusations and affirm the safety of the capsules.source
  • 1986The Lake Nyos disaster, a limnic eruption, occurs in Cameroon, killing nearly 2,000 people.source
  • 1986Lake Nyos disaster: A large amount of carbon dioxide erupts from Lake Nyos resulting in the deaths of between 1,700 and 1,800 people.source
  • 1988The Mw 6.9 Nepal earthquake shakes the Nepal–India border with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), leaving 709–1,450 people killed and thousands injured.source
  • 1989August 19–21 – In response to the murder of a judge, a provincial police chief, and presidential candidate Galán, the authorities of Colombia arrest 11,000 suspected Colombian drug traffickers.source
  • 1990The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone send peacekeepers to intervene in the First Liberian Civil War.source
  • 1993NASA loses radio contact with the Mars Observer orbiter 3 days before the spacecraft is scheduled to enter orbit around Mars.source
  • 1995La Gabarra massacre.source
  • 1996Former State President of South Africa, F. W. de Klerk, makes an official apology for crimes committed under Apartheid to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in Cape Town.source
  • 1996In the UK, Queen Elizabeth II issues letters patent on divorced former wives of British princes, taking away from the ex-wives the attribute and style of Royal Highness. With that Sarah, Duchess of York as well as Diana, Princess of Wales legally cease to be Royals, but they remain as non-royal Duchess and Princess.source
  • 1996August 16–25: Five athletes from Armenia competed at the 1996 Summer Paralympics.source
  • 2001Operation Essential Harvest: NATO sends a military forces to the Republic of Macedonia in response to the ongoing insurgency.source
  • 2006Dawra degree of Qawmi Madrasah gets recognition as equivalent to master's degree.source
  • 20102010 Australian federal election: Julia Gillard's Labor government is re-elected, narrowly defeating the Liberal/National Coalition led by Tony Abbott.source
  • 2010The charity Save the Children says the food crisis in Niger is being made worse by hoarders selling grain at higher prices than most people can afford.source
  • 2010August 14–26 – Lithuania achieved 19th place in 2010 Summer Youth Olympics with 5 medal (3 golden and 2 bronze)source
  • 2011August 20–28 – Libyan rebels take control of the capital Tripoli, effectively overthrowing the government of Muammar Gaddafi.source
  • 2017A total solar eclipse (nicknamed "The Great American Eclipse") is visible within a band across the entire contiguous United States of America, passing from the Pacific to the Atlantic coasts. The moon was just 3 days past perigee, making it relatively large.source
  • 2019Giuseppe Conte offers his resignation as Prime Minister of Italy in order to avoid a no-confidence motion.source
  • 20192019 Amazon rainforest wildfires: Brazil's National Institute for Space Research (INPE) reports fires burning in the Amazon rainforest at a record rate, with more than 36,000 in the year to date, while smoke reaches São Paulo more than 1,700 mi away.source
  • 2023Saudi Arabia is accused of mass killing hundreds of African migrants attempting to cross its border with Yemen.source
  • 2023August 16–21 – Hurricane Hilary, a Category 4 Pacific Hurricane, strikes the Baja California peninsula and later causes record flooding in Southern California.source
  • 20232023 Canadian wildfires: 68% of the Northwest Territories are forced to evacuate to other parts of the country due to wildfires.source
  • 2024Honduras reports five suspected cases of the new mpox clade.source

Births

  • 1165Philip II, king of France (died 1223)source
  • 1481Jorge de Lencastre, Duke of Coimbra (died 1550)source
  • 1520Bartholomäus Sastrow, German official (died 1603)source
  • 1535Shimazu Yoshihiro, Japanese samurai and warlord (died 1619)source
  • 1567Francis de Sales, Savoyard Bishop of Geneva and saint (died 1622)source
  • 1567Francis de Sales, Catholic Bishop of Geneva, born in the Duchy of Savoy (died 1622)source
  • 1579Henri, Duke of Rohan, French Huguenot soldier and writer (died 1638)source
  • 1579Henri, Duke of Rohan -French soldier, writer and leader of the Huguenots.(d.1638)source
  • 1597Roger Twysden, English antiquarian and royalist (died 1672)source
  • 1609Jean Rotrou, French poet and tragedian (died 1650)source
  • 1625John Claypole, English politician (died 1688)source
  • 1643King Afonso VI of Portugal, King of Portugal and the Algarves (died 1683)source
  • 1665Giacomo F. Maraldi, French-Italian astronomer (died 1729)source
  • 1670James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, French military commander (died 1734)source
  • 1670James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, soldier, illegitimate son of James, Duke of York and Arabella Churchill, in France (died 1734)source
  • 1754William Murdoch, Scottish inventor (died 1839)source
  • 1765King William IV of the United Kingdom (died 1837)source
  • 1789Augustin-Louis Cauchy, French mathematician (died 1857)source
  • 1930Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (died 2002)source
  • 1950Seok Cheoljoo, paintersource
  • 1988Robert Lewandowski, Polish footballersource

Deaths

  • 672Kōbun, emperor of Japan (born 648)source
  • 784Alberic, archbishop of Utrechtsource
  • 913Tang Daoxi, Chinese generalsource
  • 1099Éverard III of Puiset, Viscount of Chartres, French noblemansource
  • 1131Baldwin II, king of Jerusalemsource
  • 1140Yang Zaixing, Chinese generalsource
  • 1148William II, count of Nevers (born 1089)source
  • 1157King Alfonso VII of Castile (born 1105)source
  • 1190Godfrey III, count of Louvain (House of Reginar)source
  • 1207Simon of Wells, bishop of Chichestersource
  • 1229Iwo Odrowąż, Polish bishop and statesmansource
  • 1245Alexander of Hales, English theologian (born 1185)source
  • 1271Alphonse, Count of Poitiers, son of Louis VIII of France (born 1220)source
  • 1489Louis de Laval, Nobleman and politician.(b.1411)source
  • 1534Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam, 44th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (born 1464)source
  • 1534Philippe Villiers de L'Isle-Adam, French soldier (b.1464)source
  • 1541The Janissaries of Suleiman the Magnificent besiege Buda, wounding Wilhelm von Roggendorf, who dies from his wounds on the way to Komárno a few days later.source
  • 1568Jean Parisot de Valette, 49th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (born 1495)source
  • 1614Elizabeth Báthory, Hungarian noblewoman and purported serial killer (born 1560)source
  • 1649Richard Crashaw, English poet (born c. 1613)source
  • 1693Patrick Sarsfield, 1st Earl of Lucan, Irish Jacobite peer (born 1655)source
  • 1720John Leake, English Royal Navy admiral (born 1656)source
  • 1723Dimitrie Cantemir, Moldavian linguist and scholar (born 1673)source
  • 1762Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, English writer (born 1689)source
  • 1762Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, English writer (born 1689)source
  • 1763Charles Wyndham, 2nd Earl of Egremont, British statesman (born 1710)source
  • 1775Zahir al-Umar, Arab ruler of northern Palestine (born 1689)source
  • 1798James Wilson, American politician (born 1742)source
  • 1798James Wilson, politician (born 1742)source
  • 1813Sophia Magdalena of Denmark, Queen consort of Sweden (born 1746)source
  • 1814Benjamin Thompson, American physicist, inventor (born 1753)source
  • 1838Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer (born 1781)source
  • 1854Thomas Clayton, American lawyer, politician (born 1777)source
  • 1855William Hulme, British army officersource
  • 1869Casto Méndez Núñez, Spanish admiral (born 1824)source
  • 1940Leon Trotsky, Russian communist revolutionary (assassinated) (born 1879)source
  • 1940Leon Trotsky, politician and political theorist (born 1879)source
  • 1962Ahmad Ibrahim, Cabinet Minister and PAP legislative assemblyman for Sembawang Constituency (born 1927).source
  • 1964Palmiro Togliatti, leader of the Italian Communist Party (born 1893)source
  • 1983Benigno Aquino Jr., Philippines opposition leader, is assassinated in Manila just as he returns from exile.source
  • 20131,429 are killed in the Ghouta chemical attack during the Syrian Civil War.source