/year

June 6 in history

223 sourced entries recorded on June 6, from 184 CE to 2024 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 1099June 2–6 – The Crusaders occupy Arsuf and turn inland towards Ramlah, where they reorganise for the march against Jerusalem. A Crusader force under Tancred liberates Bethlehem.source
  • 1124German missionary Otto of Bamberg carried out the first baptism on his mission to convert the residents of the Duchy of Pomerania (now in Poland) to Christianity, carrying out a baptism in Pyritz (now Pyrzyce)source
  • 1321Andronikos II Palaiologos concludes a peace agreement and divides the Byzantine Empire in two. Andronikos III is recognized as co-emperor and receives Thrace and Macedonia. He rewards his followers and gives them towns and regions to administer. Adrianople becomes the new capital.source
  • 1326In Denmark, the Reichsrat votes to remove King Christopher II from office and to replace him with 11-year-old Valdemar V, Duke of Schleswig. Valdemar's uncle, Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg, becomes the regent for King Valdemar.source
  • 1329Edward III of England pays homage to Philip VI of France for Aquitaine.source
  • 1351The Battle of Ardres is fought between French and English forces near the town of Ardres, Pas de Calais. The French led by Édouard I de Beaujeu, defeat the English and capture English commander of Calais John de Beauchamp.source
  • 1370At Yingchang, now part of the Hexigten province of China's Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara is crowned as Emperor of the Northern Yuan, the remaining portion of the Chinese territory that had been ruled by the Yuan dynasty prior its overthrow in 1368 by the rulers of the Ming dynasty. Prince Ayushiridara is the son of the late Emperor Huizong of Yuan.source
  • 1391Massacre of 1391: Anti-Jewish pogroms erupt in Seville, Spain. Many thousands of Jews are massacred, and the violence spreads throughout Spain and Portugal, especially to Toledo, Barcelona and Mallorca. This event marks a turning-point in the history of the Spanish Jews, with most of the survivors leaving the Iberian Peninsula or being forced to convert.source
  • 1416The Convocation of Canterbury, to investigate and charge the participants in the 1414 Oldcastle Revolt in England, ends after more than two months.source
  • 1431The Battle on the Po takes place on the Po River in Italy near Cremona as the navy of the Duchy of Milan defeats a fleet of 85 galleys of the Republic of Venice. The Venetians lose over 2,500 men, as well as 28 of the galley warships and 42 transport ships.source
  • 1437A peasant army gathers at Babolna during the Transylvanian peasant revolt against King Sigismund of Hungary and defeat the Hungarian Governor, Ladislaus Csaki.source
  • 1441The siege of Pontoise is started by with 5,000 troops led by King Charles VII of France and Arthur de Richemont, Duke of Brittany, to capture a 1,200 member English Army garrison located on the Île-de-France near Paris. The siege continues for three months until the garrison surrenders.source
  • 1443Afonso V of Aragon formally reunites the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily.source
  • 1446John Hunyadi is proclaimed regent of Hungary during the minority of King Ladislaus the Posthumous, with the title Regni Gubernator. His election is primarily promoted by the lesser nobility, but Hunyadi has by this time become one of the richest barons of the kingdom. His domains cover an area exceeding 800,000 hectares (2,000,000 acres). Hunyadi is one of the few contemporaneous barons who has spent a significant part of their revenues to finance the wars against the Ottomans, thus bearing a large share of the cost of fighting for many years.source
  • 1505The M8.2–8.8 Lo Mustang earthquake strikes Nepal, causing severe damage in Kathmandu, western Nepal, and some parts of the Indo-Gangetic plain.source
  • 1508Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I signs a humiliating armistice with the Republic of Venice, which for the moment stops any of his further plans for Italy.source
  • 1513Italian Wars: Battle of Novara – Swiss mercenaries supporting the Milanese defeat the French under Louis II de la Trémoille, forcing the French to abandon the Duchy of Milan and Italy.source
  • 1513The French suffer defeat at the Battle of Novara during the War of the League of Cambrai.source
  • 1518Archduke Ferdinand, son of Philip the Fair of Burgundy and his wife, Joanna the Mad, and grandson to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella visit Kinsale.source
  • 1523Gustav Vasa is elected king of Sweden, establishing the full independence of Sweden from the Kalmar Union, which marks the end of the Kalmar Union. This event is also traditionally considered to be the establishment of the modern Swedish nation.source
  • 1552June 6 (14th waxing of Waso 914 ME) – Minye Sithu is appointed as the Burmese Viceroy of Martaban by his older brother, Bayinnaung, King of Burma.source
  • 1630Swedish warships depart from Stockholm, Sweden for Central Europe.source
  • 1630Swedish warships depart from Stockholm for Germany.source
  • 1644The invading Qing army, with the help of Ming general Wu Sangui, captures Beijing in China, marking the beginning of Manchu rule over China proper, which will last until 1912.source
  • 1647Michael Jones, named Governor of Dublin by England's Parliamentarians, lands with 2,000 troops and begins the expulsion of Catholics and the arrest of Protestant royalists.source
  • 1654Charles X Gustav succeeds his cousin Christina on the Swedish throne. After her abdication on the same day, Christina, now the former reigning queen of a Protestant nation, secretly converts to Catholicism.source
  • 1666Moulai al-Rashid is let into Fes by the city's Jews, establishing the power of Morocco's Alawi dynasty, which will continue into the 21st century.source
  • 1674Shivaji Maharaj is crowned as Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj of the Maratha Empire at Raigad Fort in India.source
  • 1676Griffenfeld is pardoned on the scaffold, at the very moment when the axe was about to descend, and his sentence is commuted to lifelong imprisonment.source
  • 1705Voting ends in the English general election, with the Tories retaining their majority in the House of Commons but losing 38 seats, while the Whigs gain 49 seats. The balance in the 513 seats is 260 for the Tories, 233 for the Whigs, 20 for other candidates.source
  • 1707The soldiers and officers defending the Aragonese city of Játiva are massacred after a larger force of Castilian troops breaks through the walls at the end of a 30-day siege. The rest of the town's residents are deported, and most of the dwellings are burned, with the area being renamed "San Felipe".source
  • 1731The coronation of Christian VI of Denmark.source
  • 1734With the conclusion of the British general election (voting having begun in some constituencies on April 22), the Whigs, led by Prime Minister Robert Walpole, lose 85 seats but retain their majority.source
  • 1738Premier of the Den Afwundsiuke by Olof von Dalin at Bollhuset in Stockholm.source
  • 1739Battle of Jakobshavn (Greenland). The battle led to the consolidation of Danish-Norwegian presence on Greenland.source
  • 1744French agent Jacques-Joachim Trotti, marquis de la Chétardie is ordered to leave Russia within 24 hours by Empress Elizabeth, following intrigues against Alexey Bestuzhev.source
  • 1749The Conspiracy of the Slaves, which was to have taken place on June 29, is revealed in Malta.source
  • 1753The Parliament of Great Britain passes Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act "for the Better Preventing of Clandestine Marriage" in England and Wales. King George II adjourns Parliament the next day; the act comes into effect on March 25, 1754.source
  • 1753Parliament passes Lord Hardwicke's Marriage Act "for the Better Preventing of Clandestine Marriage" in England and Wales, requiring marriages to be performed by licensed ministers and the reading of banns of marriage; it comes into effect in 1754. Jews and Quakers are exempted.source
  • 1761(May 26 old style); A transit of Venus occurs, and is observed from 120 locations around the Earth. In his observations by telescope at St. Petersburg, Mikhail Lomonosov notes a ring of light around the planet's silhouette as it begins the transit, and becomes the first astronomer to discover that the planet Venus has an atmosphere.source
  • 1776A fire destroys major parts of the town of Askersund, Sweden.source
  • 1786Nathaniel Gorham is chosen as the new President of the U.S. Confederation Congress to substitute for John Hancock, who cannot take office because of illness.source
  • 1789Joseph II instructs his minister in Brussels to decree that ordinary taxes will henceforth no longer be subject to annual approval by the States of Brabant.source
  • 1795June 5–7 – The Copenhagen Fire of 1795, starting in a naval warehouse, destroys 941 houses.source
  • 1796June 6–7 – Ragunda lake in Sweden bursts and drains completely, leaving the Döda fallet dry.source
  • 1800The Althingi is formally dissolved, with the National High Court being established the following year.source
  • 1807June 5–6: Battle of Guttstadt-Deppensource
  • 1808the Bank of Ireland moves its premises to the former Irish Houses of Parliament on College Green, Dublin.source
  • 1809Sweden promulgates a new Instrument of Government, which restores political power to the Riksdag of the Estates, after authoritarian rule since 1772. On the same day, Duke Charles (uncle of the deposed king Gustav IV Adolf) is elected King, under the name Charles XIII. In November he is affected by a heart attack and will be largely incapacitated for the remainder of his reign (until 1818).source
  • 18131813 crossing of the Blue Mountains: Gregory Blaxland, William Lawson and William Wentworth succeed in crossing the Blue Mountains (New South Wales) and return home.source
  • 1813War of 1812: Battle of Stoney Creek – A British force of 700 under John Vincent defeats an American force three times its size, under William H. Winder and John Chandler.source
  • 1814Beginning of the Allied sovereigns' visit to England: Tsar Alexander I of Russia and King Frederick William III of Prussia sail from Boulogne-Sur-Mer to Dover on board the Royal Navy ship HMS Impregnable as guests of George, Prince of Wales, the regent during the incapacity of King George III.source
  • 1814Beginning of the Allied sovereigns' visit to England: Tsar Alexander I of Russia and King Frederick William III of Prussia sail from Boulogne-Sur-Mer to Dover on board the Royal Navy ship HMS Impregnable as guests of George, Prince of Wales, the regent during the incapacity of King George III.source
  • 1822Alexis St. Martin is accidentally shot in the stomach, which leads the way to William Beaumont's studies on digestion.source
  • 1832June 5–6 – The June Rebellion in France, anti-monarchist riots led chiefly by local students and workers, breaks out in Paris.source
  • 1833Andrew Jackson becomes the first U.S. president to ride a railroad train.source
  • 1835Batman's Treaty is created between John Batman and Wurundjeri elders to secure the land around Port Phillip Bay for the establishment of Melbourne. The treaty was later declared void by the Governor of New South Wales, Richard Bourke.source
  • 18411841 census of Ireland: the first thorough census is completed and the population of Ireland is calculated to be just under 8.2 million.source
  • 1841United Kingdom Census taken across Scotland.source
  • 1841The United Kingdom Census is held, the first to record names and approximate ages of every household member, and to be administered nationally.source
  • 1843In Barbados, Samuel Jackman Prescod is the first non-white person elected to the House of Assembly.source
  • 1844George Williams sets up (in London) what is often cited as the first youth organisation in the world – "The Young Men's Christian Association", commonly known as YMCA. It will grow to a worldwide organisation based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 57 million beneficiaries from 125 national associations. George Williams aims to put Christian principles into practice by developing a healthy "body, mind, and spirit." These three angles are reflected by the different sides of the (red) triangle – part of all YMCA logos.source
  • 1848June 2–12 – The Prague Slavic Congress brings together members of the Pan-Slavism movement.source
  • 1849The settlement of Fort Worth, Texas, is founded.source
  • 1849Fort Worth, Texas is founded.source
  • 1853Gavazzi Riot in Quebec are quelled by military.source
  • 1853Naval fleet travels to Besika Bay to fend off Russian threats to the Ottoman Empire.source
  • 1854The Canadian–American Reciprocity Treaty is signed.source
  • 1857Sophia of Nassau marries the future King Oscar II of Sweden–Norway.source
  • 1857Sophia of Nassau marries the future King Oscar II of Sweden-Norwaysource
  • 1857Wedding between Prince Oscar and Sophie of Nassau.source
  • 1859The British Crown colony of Queensland in Australia is created, by devolving part of the territory of New South Wales (Queensland Day). Brisbane is declared the capital.source
  • 1859The colony of Queensland is established by decree of Queen Victoria.source
  • 1861German Progress Party (Deutsche Fortschrittspartei) is founded as Germany's first modern political party by liberal members of the Prussian House of Representatives in opposition to Bismarck.source
  • 1863Frederick VII receives a Greek deputation at Christiansborg.source
  • 1871Smith v Hughes, a landmark case in English contract law, is decided in the Court of Queen's Bench, allowing an objective approach to interpretation of the parties' conduct when entering into a contract.source
  • 1876The Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for Idiotic and Feebleminded Persons, later known as the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, is founded when several directors led by Édouard Séguin, inspired by Centennial events, meet to improve the lives of those with disabilities.source
  • 1879William Denny and Brothers launch the world's first ocean-going steamer to be built of mild steel, the SS Rotomahana, on the River Clyde in Scotland. On October 2 they launch the first transatlantic steamer of the same material, the SS Buenos Ayrean; on December 1 she makes her maiden voyage out of Glasgow, bound for South America.source
  • 1879William Denny and Brothers launch the world's first ocean-going ship to be built of mild steel, the SS Rotomahana, at Dumbarton.source
  • 1882Battle of Embabo: The Shewan forces of Menelik II defeat the Gojjame army.source
  • 1882Supposedly, the Bombay Cyclone of 1882 in the Arabian Sea causes flooding in Bombay harbor, leaving about 100,000 dead; this alleged event has, however, been proved a hoax.source
  • 1889The Great Seattle Fire ravages through the downtown area without any fatalities.source
  • 1890Magadu Bhambada becomes chief of the AmaZondi people at the age of 25 after the death of his father and uncle.source
  • 1892The Chicago "L" begins operation for the first time with the opening of the Chicago and South Side Rapid Transit Railroad.source
  • 1893Wedding of Prince George, Duke of York, and Princess Mary of Teck: the future King George V of the United Kingdom marries at St James's Palace in London.source
  • 1901Discovery leaves Dundee for London in preparation for its expedition south.source
  • 1905In Germany's last royal wedding, Crown Prince Wilhelm, son of Kaiser Wilhelm II and heir to the throne, marries Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in Berlin.source
  • 1906Murder of Gennaro Cuocolo and his wife, Maria Cutinelli, suspected of being police informers, and opposing the leadership of the Camorra. The murder case would develop into one of the most complicated legal cases of the early twentieth century in Italy against the Camorra.source
  • 1907Persil laundry detergent is first marketed by Henkel of Düsseldorf, Germany, the first to combine bleach with detergent commercially.source
  • 1909Juventus wins the 1909 Italian National Football Championship.source
  • 1912The Novarupta volcano is formed in Alaska by a VEI 6 eruption, the world's largest (in terms of matter emitted) in the 20th century.source
  • 1913Stoneyetts Hospital is opened at East Muckcroft (later part of Moodiesburn, North Lanarkshire), originally for the treatment of people with epilepsy.source
  • 1915The BHP Newcastle Steelworks opens in Newcastle, New South Wales.source
  • 1916The Returned Sailors' and Soldiers' Imperial League of Australia, the forerunner to the Returned and Services League is founded.source
  • 1918Akashi Motojiro was promoted to general and appointed by Prime Minister Terauchi as the Governor-General of Taiwan.source
  • 1925The Chrysler Corporation is founded as an automobile manufacturer by Walter Chrysler in the United States.source
  • 1926Campeonato de Portugal Finalsource
  • 1927June 4–6 – Clarence Chamberlin and Charles Albert Levine take off from Roosevelt Field, New York, and fly to Eisleben, Germany, in the Wright-Bellanca WB-2 Columbia aircraft Miss Columbia, two weeks after Charles Lindbergh's historic solo flight.source
  • 1933The first drive-in movie theater is opened in Pennsauken Township, near Camden, New Jersey, by Richard Hollingshead, according to his patent granted May 16.source
  • 1941WWII: The Commissar Order is issued by Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, requiring all Soviet political commissars identified in Operation Barbarossa among captured forces to receive summary execution.source
  • 1942June 4–7 – WWII: Battle of Midway – An American naval victory halts the Japanese advance in the Pacific.source
  • 1942The Cuscatlán Bridge was opened by President Maximiliano Hernández Martínez.source
  • 1944WWII: D-Day: Approximately 160,000 Allied troops shipped from England land on the beaches of Normandy in northern France, beginning Operation Overlord and the Invasion of Normandy. The Allied soldiers quickly break through the Atlantic Wall and push inland, in the largest amphibious military operation in history. This operation helps liberate France from Germany, and also weakens the Nazi hold on Europe.source
  • 1949With the passage of the Bodh Gaya Temple Act by the Indian government, Mahabodhi Temple is restored to partial Buddhist control.source
  • 1949With the passage of the Bodh Gaya Temple Act by the Indian government, Mahabodhi Temple is restored to partial Buddhist control.source
  • 1949The establishment of China News.source
  • 1950In Turkey, the Adhan (call to prayer) in Arabic is permitted by law after a ban of 18 years.source
  • 1954The grand opening of the sculpture of Yuriy Dolgorukiy takes place in Moscow (this statue is one of the main monuments of Moscow).source
  • 1954Moscow's statue of Yuriy Dolgorukiy, originally conceived in 1947 in recognition of the 800th anniversary of the city's foundation, is finally unveiled.source
  • 1956In Singapore, chief minister David Marshall resigns a little over a year into his chief ministership, after the breakdown of talks regarding internal self-government in London.source
  • 1958The start of a three-day trial of four students who organised a conference to celebrate the 500th anniversary of the crowning of Stephen the Great. They are found guilty and imprisoned until 1964.source
  • 1960The Israeli Air Force receives its first Fouga Magister jets.source
  • 1966First Indira Gandhi ministry devalues Indian rupee by 57%.source
  • 1966Civil rights activist James Meredith is shot by a sniper while traversing Mississippi in the March Against Fear.source
  • 1966Brazilian Communist Party leader Luís Carlos Prestes is sentenced to 14 years in prison.source
  • 1971Soyuz program: Soyuz 11 (Vladislav Volkov, Georgi Dobrovolski, Viktor Patsayev) is launched.source
  • 1971A midair collision between Hughes Airwest Flight 706 Douglas DC-9 jetliner and a U.S. Marine Corps McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom jet fighter near Duarte, California claims 50 lives.source
  • 1972June 5–16 – The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment is held in Stockholm, Swedensource
  • 1972Karachi labour unrest of 1972source
  • 1975The Georgetown Agreement, formally creating the ACP Group, is signed.source
  • 1976The Double Six Crash, a plane crash in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, kills everyone on board, including Sabahan Chief Minister Tun Fuad Stephens.source
  • 1981Bihar train disaster: Seven coaches of an overcrowded passenger train fall off the tracks into the Bagmati River in Bihar, India, killing between 500 and 800.source
  • 1982The 1982 Lebanon War begins: Israeli forces under Defense Minister Ariel Sharon invade southern Lebanon in their "Operation Peace for the Galilee," eventually reaching as far north as the capital Beirut. The United Nations Security Council votes to demand that Israel withdraw its troops from Lebanon.source
  • 1985The remains of Josef Mengele, the physician notorious for Nazi human experimentation on inmates of Auschwitz concentration camp, buried in 1979 under the name of Wolfgang Gerhard, are exhumed in Embu das Artes, Brazil.source
  • 19886 June – 10 June – The Australian Labor Party's biennial conference in Hobart sees the left faction defeated on the divisive issues of uranium mining, privatisation and tertiary education fees.source
  • 1989June 1–10 – Pope John Paul II visits Norway, Iceland, Finland, Denmark and Sweden.source
  • 1991The Civil Defence Academy starts construction. When completed in 1995, the S$63 million complex spanning nine-hectares will train Singapore Civil Defence Force officers, as well as offer computer simulations.source
  • 1992June 3–14 – The Earth Summit is held in Rio de Janeiro.source
  • 19931993 Mongolian presidential election.source
  • 1994June 6–8 – Ceasefire negotiations for the Yugoslav War begin in Geneva; they agree to a one-month cessation of hostilities (which does not last more than a few days).source
  • 19941994 Páez River earthquake: Over 1,000 indigenous Páez people die as a result of a 6.8 magnitude earthquake at the Páez River and ensuing mudslides and avalanches.source
  • 1995U.S. astronaut Norman Thagard breaks NASA's space endurance record of 14 days, 1 hour and 16 minutes, aboard the Russian space station Mir.source
  • 1995The Constitutional Court of South Africa abolishes capital punishment in South Africa in the case of S v Makwanyane and Another.source
  • 1997June 1–7: Tropical Storm Andres (1997)source
  • 2003An agreement is reached for the United Nations to form a Khmer Rouge Tribunal.source
  • 2007Ghana discovers oil in commercial quantities.source
  • 2010Fr. Jerzy Popiełuszko became beatified on Marshal Jozef Pilsudski Sq. in Warsaw.source
  • 2011Twitch.tv, a video game-focused live streaming service, is launched as a spinoff from Justin.tv.source
  • 2012June 5–6 – The century's second and last solar transit of Venus occurs. The next pair are predicted to occur in 2117 and 2125.source
  • 20122012 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak first identified.source
  • 2013Global surveillance disclosures: Former CIA employee and NSA contractor Edward Snowden discloses operations engaged in by a U.S. government mass surveillance program to news publications and flees the country, later being granted temporary asylum in Russia.source
  • 2015The governments of India and Bangladesh officially ratify their 1974 agreement to exchange enclaves along their border.source
  • 2018May 28–June 7 – The 2018 Stanley Cup Final are played between the Washington Capitals and the Vegas Golden Knights and won by the former.source
  • 2019Sudanese revolution: The African Union suspends Sudan's membership "with immediate effect" after the Khartoum massacre.source
  • 2022Latvia bans all Russia-based TV media outlets that threaten "the territorial integrity and independence of another country", referring to the Russo-Ukrainian War. The measure will last until Russia de-occupies Crimea and ends its warfare against Ukraine.source
  • 2022Orlando Jorge Mera, the Environmental Minister for the Dominican Republic and son of former President Salvador Jorge Blanco, is shot dead in his office. The perpetrator was identified by a presidential spokesman as Miguel Cruz, a childhood friend of the minister. He was later taken into custody.source
  • 2023Russo-Ukrainian war: The Nova Kakhovka dam in the Russian-controlled region of Kherson is destroyed, threatening the region with devastating floodwaters.source
  • 2024June 6–9 – The 2024 European Parliament election is held. The EPP, of incumbent Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, retains its status as the largest group in parliament amid notable gains by far-right political groups.source

Births

  • 1236Wen Tianxiang, Chinese poet and politician (died 1283)source
  • 1243Alix of Brittany, Breton noblewoman (died 1288)source
  • 1304Francesco Albergotti, Italian nobleman and jurist (died 1376)source
  • 1436Regiomontanus, German astronomer (died 1476)source
  • 1502King John III of Portugal (died 1557)source
  • 1510Giovanni Battista Cicala, Italian Catholic cardinal (died 1570)source
  • 1511Jakob Schegk, German physician (died 1587)source
  • 1519Andrea Cesalpino, Italian philosopher, physician, and botanist (died 1603)source
  • 1532Giulio Antonio Santorio, Italian Catholic cardinal (died 1602)source
  • 1539Catherine Vasa, Regent of East Frisia (1599–1610) (died 1610)source
  • 1539Catherine Vasa, princess (died 1610)source
  • 1556Edward la Zouche, 11th Baron Zouche, English politician and diplomat (died 1625)source
  • 1580Godefroy Wendelin, Flemish astronomer (died 1667)source
  • 1584Yuan Chonghuan, Chinese politician, military general and writer (died 1630)source
  • 1599Diego Velázquez, Spanish painter (died 1660)source
  • 1606Pierre Corneille, French dramatist (died 1684)source
  • 1606Pierre Corneille, dramatist (died 1684)source
  • 1621Petar Zrinski, Croatian viceroy (executed 1671)source
  • 1646Hortense Mancini, favourite Italian niece of Cardinal Mazarin (died 1699)source
  • 1686John Reading, Colonial Governor of New Jersey (died 1767)source
  • 1696Peter Spaak, Swedish Protestant reformer (died 1769)source
  • 1699Alamgir II, the fifteenth Mughal Emperor of India (died 1759)source
  • 1703Louis de la Corne, Chevalier de la Corne, explorer (died 1761).source
  • 1714Joseph I of Portugal, Prince of Brazil (died 1777)source
  • 1755Nathan Hale, American Revolutionary War captain, writer and patriot (died 1776)source
  • 1756John Trumbull, American painter (died 1843)source
  • 1799Alexander Pushkin, Russian author (died 1837)source
  • 1864Alfredo de Sá Cardoso, military officer and politician (died 1950)source
  • 1868Robert Falcon Scott, English Antarctic explorer (died 1912)source
  • 1872Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse) (died 1918)source
  • 1875Thomas Mann, German novelist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1955)source
  • 1886Salvador Mazza, epidemiologist (died 1946)source
  • 1901Sukarno, 1st president of Indonesia (died 1970)source
  • 1903Aram Khachaturian, Soviet-Armenian composer (died 1978)source

Deaths

  • 184Qiao Xuan (or Gongzu), Chinese official (born 110)source
  • 863Abu Musa Utamish, Muslim viziersource
  • 913Emperor Alexander III dies of exhaustion while playing the game tzykanion (Byzantine name for polo). He is succeeded by his 8-year-old nephew Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos ("born in the purple"), a son of the late emperor Leo VI (the Wise). The government is administered by a regency council composed of Constantine's mother, Empress Zoe Karbonopsina, Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos and his guardian John Eladas.source
  • 913Alexander III, Byzantine emperor (born 870)source
  • 1066Gottschalk (or Godescalc), Obotrite princesource
  • 1097Agnes of Aquitaine, queen consort of Aragon and Navarresource
  • 1132Taj al-Muluk Buri, Seljuk governor and regentsource
  • 1134Norbert of Xanten, German archbishopsource
  • 1138Al-Rashid Billah, deposed ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate, assassinated (born 1109)source
  • 1138Al-Rashid Billah (deposed caliph of Baghdad), having fled to Isfahan, is killed there by a team of four Nizari Ismailis (Assassins). This is celebrated in Alamut for a week by Shias.source
  • 1207Gerardo dei Tintori, Italian mystic (born 1134)source
  • 1217The 13-year-old King Henry I of Castile dies from the fall of a roof tile in Palencia, an event which his regent, Álvaro Núñez de Lara, attempts to conceal. He is succeeded by his sister Berengaria, who renounces the throne in favour of her son Ferdinand III, on August 31. The young king begins his reign (supported by his mother as adviser and regent) by a war against his father, King Alfonso IX of León, and the Castilian nobles.source
  • 1217Henry I, king of Castile and Toledo (born 1204)source
  • 1237John of Scotland, Scottish nobleman (born 1207)source
  • 1251William III of Dampierre, Count of Flanderssource
  • 1252Robert Passelewe, Bishop of Chichestersource
  • 1333William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster, is murdered as part of the Burke Civil War in Ireland.source
  • 1333William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster (born 1312)source
  • 1333William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster, murdered in the Burke Civil Warsource
  • 1393Emperor Go-En'yū of Japan, former Pretender to the throne (born 1359)source
  • 1473Hosokawa Katsumoto, Japanese nobleman (born 1430)source
  • 1480Vecchietta, Italian painter, sculptor and architect (born c. 1410)source
  • 1548João de Castro, Portuguese explorer (born 1500)source
  • 1568Kenneth Mackenzie, 10th of Kintailsource
  • 1661Martino Martini, Italian Jesuit missionary (born 1614)source
  • 1709James Herbert, politician, about 55source
  • 1739John Griffith, MP for Caernarvonshire, about 52source
  • 1740Alexander Spotswood, British governor of Virginia Colony (born 1676)source
  • 1753Sir Arthur Owen, 3rd Baronet, MP for Pembroke and Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshiresource
  • 1799Patrick Henry, American revolutionary politician, Governor of Virginia (born 1736)source
  • 1820Henry Grattan, Irish politician (born 1746)source
  • 1832Jeremy Bentham, English philosopher (born 1748)source
  • 1861Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, 1st prime minister of Italy (born 1810)source
  • 1891John A. Macdonald, 1st Prime Minister of Canada, Father of Confederation (born 1815)source
  • 1893The small town of Pomeroy, Iowa, is nearly destroyed by a tornado; 71 people are killed and 200 injured.source
  • 1916Yuan Shikai, Chinese military official and politician, Emperor of China and 1st President of the Republic of China (born 1859)source
  • 1924William Pirrie, 1st Viscount Pirrie, shipbuilder and businessman (born 1847).source
  • 1958George Herbert Garlick, 1st radiologist and medical director of the Singapore Anti–Tuberculosis Association (born 1886).source
  • 1961Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist (born 1875)source
  • 1968Robert F. Kennedy, American lawyer, politician (United States Senator, U.S. Attorney General) and a leading 1968 Democratic presidential candidate (born 1925)source
  • 1984Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, 37, Sikh religious leader and militantsource