1643 CE

Irish Confederate Wars: Battle of New Ross in Ireland – English troops defeat those of Confederate Ireland. First English Civil War: Parliamentary forces led by Oliver Cromwell defeat Royalist forces at Grantham. The Westminster Assembly of theologians ("divines") and parliamentarians is convened at Westminster Abbey with the aim of restructuring the Church of England.

In the 1640s, the 17th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • 13 May – First English Civil War: Parliamentary forces led by Oliver Cromwell defeat Royalist forces at Grantham.Englandsource
  • May 14 – Louis XIV succeeds his father Louis XIII as King of France at age 4. His rule will last until his death at age 76 in 1715, a total of 72 years, which will be the longest reign of any European monarch in recorded history.source
  • May 19 – The New England Confederation is formed as a military alliance between Massachusetts Bay Colony, Plymouth Colony, Saybrook Colony (Connecticut), and New Haven Colony.source
  • 3 June – Royal proclamation renewing the privileges and exemptions of Bandes d'ordonnanceBelgiumsource
  • 25 September – the Solemn League and Covenant is signed between the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland.Englandsource
  • November 14 – Empress Meishō abdicates and Emperor Go-Kōmyō accedes to the throne of Japan.source
  • An Calbhach mac Aedh Ó Conchobhair Donn, The Ó Conchubhair Donn, Chief of the Name of the Clan Ó Conchubhair, is popularly inaugurated as the last King of Connacht in Ireland.source
  • Johan Björnsson Printz is appointed governor of the Swedish colony of New Sweden until 1653.Swedensource

Conflict & Security

  • 23 January – First English Civil War: Leeds falls to Parliamentary forces.Englandsource
  • Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna issues an order that all archives, letters, and records seized during military campaigns must be inventoried, secured, and transported across the Baltic Sea to the Imperial Archives in Stockholm.Swedensource
  • March 13 – First English Civil War: First Battle of Middlewich – Roundheads (Parliamentarians) rout the Cavaliers (Royalist supporters of King Charles I) at Middlewich in Cheshire.source
  • March 18 – Irish Confederate Wars: Battle of New Ross – English troops defeat those of Confederate Ireland.source
  • 18 March – Irish Confederate Wars: Battle of New Ross in Ireland – English troops defeat those of Confederate Ireland.Englandsource
  • March 18 – Irish Confederate Wars: Battle of New Ross: James Butler, Earl of Ormonde, defeats Thomas Preston and a numerically superior Irish Confederate army north of the town of New Ross.Irelandsource
  • May 19 – Thirty Years' War: Battle of Rocroi: The French defeat the Spanish at Rocroi in France.source
  • 20 June – Spanish envoy to The Hague presents a proposal for a ceasefire, which the States General rejectBelgiumsource
  • June 30 – First English Civil War: Battle of Adwalton Moor – Royalists gain control of Yorkshire.source
  • July 5 – First English Civil War: Battle of Lansdowne – Royalists gain a pyrrhic victory over the Parliamentarians near Bath, Somerset.source
  • July 13 – First English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down – Henry Wilmot, newly created Baron Wilmot, commanding Royalist cavalry, wins a crushing victory over Parliamentarian Sir William Waller.source
  • September 6 – Battle of Mongiovino: The forces of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, led by Mattias de' Medici, defeated the Papal forces commanded by Taddeo Barberini.source
  • September 20 – First English Civil War: First Battle of Newbury – A strategic Parliamentarian victory is made over Royalist forces who are led personally by King Charles.source
  • November 24 – Thirty Years' War: Battle of Tuttlingen – France is defeated by forces of the Holy Roman Empire.source
  • December 12 – Swedish Field Marshal Lennart Torstensson's forces enter Danish territory in Holstein, beginning the Torstenson War.source
  • 12 December - The Hannibal War starts.Norwaysource
  • December 13 – First English Civil War: At the Battle of Alton in Hampshire, the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists.source
  • Start of the Torstenson War (1643–1645)Denmarksource
  • Swedish forces, under the direction of Chancellor Oxenstierna, prepare for the Torstenson War against Denmark-Norway.Swedensource

Exploration & Expansion

  • January 21 – Abel Tasman sights the island of Tonga.source
  • February 6 – Abel Tasman sights the Fiji Islands.source
  • May 20 – Dutch expedition to Valdivia: The Dutch fleet (led by Hendrik Brouwer) is spotted off Carelmapu in Chile, soon afterwards landing nearby and plundering the fort and village.source
  • August 24 – Dutch expedition to Valdivia: A Dutch fleet establishes a new colony in the ruins of Valdivia in southern Chile.source
  • October 28 – Dutch expedition to Valdivia: The Dutch end their occupation of Valdivia in Chile.source
  • December 25 – Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean is sighted and named by Captain William Mynors of the British East India Company ship Royal Mary.source
  • 25 December – Christmas Island is sighted and named by Captain William Mynors of the English East India Company's ship Royal Mary.Englandsource
  • December 28 – Dutch expedition to Valdivia: The failed Dutch expedition arrives back at Recife in Dutch Brazil.source

Religion & Belief

  • 14 February – Body of Marie de' Medici arrives in Liège on its journey to FranceBelgiumsource
  • 21 April – Maximilien Villain presides over a diocesan synod of the Diocese of TournaiBelgiumsource
  • July 1 – The Westminster Assembly of theologians ("divines") and parliamentarians is convened at Westminster Abbey with the aim of restructuring the Church of England.source
  • 1 July – the Westminster Assembly of theologians ("divines") and parliamentarians is convened at Westminster Abbey with the aim of restructuring the Church of England.Englandsource
  • 18 August – Parliament passes "An Ordinance for Explanation of a former Ordinance for Sequestration of Delinquents Estates with some Enlargements", including an "Oath of Abjuration" of the Pope.Englandsource
  • 26 August – Brussels Council of Finances issues specifications of coins to be considered legal tender.Belgiumsource
  • October 8 – The Shunzhi Emperor of China is crowned at five years old, 17 days after the death of his father and the decision of the Deliberative Council of Princes and Ministers.source
  • 20 December – Ottavio Piccolomini appointed commander in chief of the Army of FlandersBelgiumsource
  • Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, places the first Mount Royal Cross atop Mount Royal above Montreal.source
  • Chapel of Our Lady of the Thorn, Heffen, built to house a miraculous image of the Blessed Virgin Mary that had previously been attached to a treeBelgiumsource
  • The first printed book in Norway; "Allmanach paa det aar efter Jesu Christi Fødsel 1644" is printed and published for the first time.Norwaysource

Technology & Infrastructure

Science & Discovery

  • Evangelista Torricelli invents the mercury barometer.source

Health & Medicine

  • 10 March – City of Antwerp issues regulations for teachers of Sunday schoolsBelgiumsource
  • 18 May – Magistrates of Ypres prohibit the lodging of strangersBelgiumsource
  • 14 June – Licensing Order of 1643 passed by Parliament to censor newspapers.Englandsource
  • c. 26 August – Parliament passes an ordinance for the cleansing of churches from altars and other monuments of "superstition" or "idolatry".Englandsource

Crime & Justice

  • Baden-Baden is pillaged by the French.source
  • Erasmus Quellinus the Younger, Achilles among the Daughters of Lycomedes (Groeningemuseum)Belgiumsource

Culture & Society

  • 1 October – The wedding of Crown Prince Frederick (III) and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Calenberg takes place at Castle Glücksburg.Denmarksource
  • The first professional book publisher to use printing press in Norway is established in Oslo.source
  • Miyamoto Musashi begins to dictate The Book of Five Rings (Go Rin No Sho) to his student; he will complete it in 1645, just before his death.source
  • Jean Bolland publishes the first two volumes of the Acta Sanctorum (in Antwerp). This is the beginning of the Bollandists' work.source
  • Roger Williams, co-founder of Rhode Island, publishes A Key into the Language of America.source
  • The first professional book publisher to use printing press in Norway is established in Christiania.Norwaysource

Births

  • January 4 (N.S.) – Sir Isaac Newton, English scientist (died 1727)source
  • 4 January (N.S.) – Isaac Newton, mathematician and physicist (died 1727)Englandsource
  • January 24 – Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset, English poet and courtier (died 1706)source
  • 19 February – Bolle Luxdorph, civil servant and landowner (died 1698 in Sweden)Denmarksource
  • February 25 – Sultan Ahmed II of the Ottoman Empire (died 1695)source
  • March 4 – Fran Krsto Frankopan, Croatian baroque poet, nobleman and politician (died 1671)source
  • April 3 – Charles V, Duke of Lorraine (died 1690)source
  • May 7 – Stephanus Van Cortlandt, first native-born mayor of New York City (died 1700)source
  • July 29 – Henri Jules, Prince of Condé (died 1709)source
  • August 21 – King Afonso VI of Portugal, King of Portugal and the Algarves (died 1683)source
  • September 14 – Jeremiah Dummer, American silversmith (died 1718)source
  • September 18 – Gilbert Burnet, Scottish philosopher and historian (died 1715)source
  • September 27 – Solomon Stoddard, pastor of the Congregationalist Church in Northampton, Massachusetts (died 1729)source
  • October 14 – Bahadur Shah I, Mughal Emperor of India (died 1712)source
  • 9 November - Christina Anna Skytte, baroness and pirate (died 1677)Swedensource
  • November 16 – Jean Chardin, French jeweller, traveller (died 1713)source
  • November 22 – René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, French explorer (died 1687)source
  • Laurens van der Meulen, artist (died 1719)Belgiumsource

Deaths

  • February 6 – (17 Dhu al-Qadah 1052 AH) In India, the first ceremony at the nearly-complete Taj Mahal in Agra, the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan observes the 12th anniversary of the death of his wife, Mumtaz Mahal, and opens the structure to thousands of mourners.source
  • February 15 – Countess Juliane of Nassau-Siegen, Landgravine of Hesse-kassel (born 1587)source
  • March 1 – Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian composer (born 1583)source
  • April 13 – Margherita Farnese, Benedictine nun (born 1567)source
  • April 28 – Francisco de Lucena, former Portuguese Secretary of State, is beheaded after being convicted of treason.source
  • May 14 – King Louis XIII of France (born 1601)source
  • July 12 – François Duquesnoy, Flemish Baroque sculptor in Rome (born 1597)source
  • 18 July – François Duquesnoy (born 1597), sculptorBelgiumsource
  • 20 August – Anne Hutchinson, Puritan preacher (born 1591)Englandsource
  • August – Anne Hutchinson, English Puritan preacher (born 1591)source
  • September 15 – Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (born 1566)source
  • September 21 – Emperor Hong Taiji of China (born 1592)source
  • November 15 – Tachibana Muneshige, Japanese samurai and soldier (born 1567)source
  • November 29 – Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer (born 1567)source
  • December 8 – John Pym, English statesman (born 1583)source
  • 10 December - Herman Wrangel, military officerSwedensource
  • December 30 – Giovanni Baglione, Italian painter and historian of art (born 1566)source
  • Sophia Brahe, horticulturalist and student of astronomy, chemistry and medicine (born 1556)Denmarksource