/year

September 12 in history

221 sourced entries recorded on September 12, from 490 BCE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 490 BCEThe Battle of Marathon takes place as a Persian army of more than 20,000 men is advised by Hippias to land in the Bay of Marathon, where they meet the Athenians supported by the Plataeans. The Persians are repulsed by 11,500 Greeks under the leadership of Callimachus and Miltiades. Some 6,400 Persians are killed at a cost of 192 Athenian dead. Callimachus, the war-archon of Athens, is killed in the battle. After the battle, the Persians return home.source
  • 372Jin Xiaowudi, age 10, succeeds his father Jin Jianwendi. Empress Chu Suanzi serves as regent, but decisions are made by the high officials Xie An and Wang Tanzhi.source
  • 1066William, Duke of Normandy, assembles a fleet (around 700 warships) at Saint-Valery-sur-Somme, in readiness for an invasion of England.source
  • 1185September 11–12 – Isaac II Angelos leads a revolt in Constantinople and deposes Emperor Andronikos I Komnenos. Andronikos tries in vain to flee across Asia but is captured and killed by an angry mob. Isaac is proclaimed emperor, ending the Komnenos Dynasty.source
  • 1213Battle of Muret: The Toulousain and Aragonese forces of Raymond VI of Toulouse and Peter II of Aragon are defeated by the Albigensian Crusade, under Simon de Montfort.source
  • 1217Treaty of Kingston: The First Baron's War ends. After the defeat of the French fleet, Prince Louis is without hope of taking the English throne. William Marshal blockades London from the sea and land. At Lambeth Louis accepts peace terms. He waives his claim for the throne and promises to restore Normandy to Henry III but does not. The French and Scots are to leave England, and an amnesty is granted to the rebels.source
  • 1217September 12 and 13 – Louis VIII of France and Henry III of England, together with Henry's mother Isabella of Angoulême, Cardinal Guala and William Marshal, came to an agreement on the final Treaty of Kingston.source
  • 1271Nichiren, Japanese Buddhist priest, is arrested by a band of soldiers and nearly beheaded. This incident, known as Hosshaku Kenpon or "casting off the transient and revealing the true," is regarded as a turning point of Nichiren's teachings within the various schools, known as Nichiren Buddhism.source
  • 1309Siege of Gibraltar: Castilian forces under Juan Núñez II de Lara and Alonso Pérez de Guzmán besiege and conquer the Saracen fortress at Gibraltar, which had been held by them for nearly 600 years (since the year 711). During the siege, the port is blockaded. Ferdinand IV of Castile orders repairs of the damaged city walls.source
  • 1325Edward II is persuaded not to go to France by Hugh Despenser the Elder, his chief adviser. He decides to send his 12-year-old son, Prince Edward of Windsor, to go to Paris and to pay homage instead. Before the young Edward departs, he is bestowed with the title of Count of Ponthieu. Charles IV gives his consent for him to receive the English Aquitaine.source
  • 1374King Jayasthiti Malla of Nepal leads soldiers into battle against the Kingdom of Patan and captures its capital, Bhadagon, as well as imprisoning and killing 53 of the Patan leaders.source
  • 1383Shortly before his death, King Fernando I of Portugal creates the kingdom's first police force, the Quadrilheiros, initially consisting of 20 of the strongest men in Lisbon, and gives them the authority to arrest criminals. The concept of a city police force is expanded to other communities and becomes the basis for the Polícia de Segurança Pública.source
  • 1390King Richard II of England summons the English parliament, directing that the members of the House of Lords and the House of Commons assemble at Westminster on November 3.source
  • 1396The Crusaders, with more than 17,000 troops from France, Hungary, the Knights Hospitaler, Wallachia and the Holy Roman Empire , arrive at the outskirts of Nicopolis (now Nikopol in Bulgaria).source
  • 1421In what is now South Korea, Taejong of Goryeo, King of Joseon from 1400 to 1418, then King Emeritus since 1418, is crowned as the first Grand King Emeritus of Joseon.source
  • 1432The Ming Chinese expedition reaches the Samudera Pasai Sultanate on Sumatra (now part of Indonesia) and establishes trade agreements with the Sultan Zainal Abidin II, remaining at Pasai until November 2.source
  • 1440Eton College, one of the most famous boarding schools for boys in England, is founded by King Henry VI as "Kynge's College of Our Ladye of Eton besyde Windesore".source
  • 1445In a royal wedding at the Church of Our Lady in Copenhagen, King Christoffer III of Denmark (who also rules Sweden and Norway) marries Dorothea of Brandenburg, daughter of John the Alchemist, Margrave of Brandenburg. After King Christoffer's death in 1448, Dorothea marries King Christian I of Denmark in 1449.source
  • 1463Pope Pius II calls for all Christians to participate in a crusade against the Ottoman Empire.source
  • 1500George the Bearded begins a reign of more than 38 years as Duke of Saxony at the Saxon capital of Emden, after the death of his father, Albert III, who had ruled 36 years. George also becomes George II, Margrave of Meissen.source
  • 1501Maximilian I, Archduke of Austria, issues a decree making firearms safety tests mandatory.source
  • 1521In the Italian War, the Holy Roman Empire abandons its siege of the French-controlled city of Parma after 17 days.source
  • 1528Italian Admiral Andrea Doria defeats his former allies, the French, and establishes the independence of Genoa.source
  • 1537King Carlos I of Spain (who is also the Holy Roman Emperor) issues a royal decree providing for the first election in the New World, allowing he citizens of the Province of Rio de la Plata (now Paraguay) to elect a replacement for the late Captain-General Pedro de Mendoza. Domingo Martínez de Irala is elected the new Captain-General in 1538.source
  • 1557The Spanish occupation of the Papal States is confirmed as Pope Paul IV signs a separate peace treaty, the Peace of Cave-Palestrina, with Spain's Duke of Alba, who has massed troops outside of Rome in preparationfor an attack.source
  • 1579Amendments are made to the May 17 Treaty of Arras, with further concessions to Spain by the Union of Arras. The final version is promulgated by King Philip of Spain in Mons, one of the regions in the Arras Union.source
  • 1602King Sigismund III Vasa of Poland receives the delivery of eight specially woven Persian carpets displaying Poland's royal coat of arms, after having dispatched agent Sefer Muratowicz to Kashan.source
  • 1611Ladoga falls, quickly followed by Tichvin and Staraja Russa.source
  • 1615The San Leoncio Day hurricane strikes the islands of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola.source
  • 1627Mohammed Adil Shah begins his reign as the new Sultan of Bijapur in south India, after the death of his father, Ibrahim Adil Shah II.source
  • 1631Eighty Years' War – Battle of Albrolhos: A Spanish fleet, under the command of Admiral Antonio de Oquendo, defeats a Dutch fleet off the coast of Brazil.source
  • 1634A gunpowder factory explodes in Valletta, Malta, killing 22 people and damaging several buildings.source
  • 1635The Treaty of Sztumska Wieś is signed between Sweden and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.source
  • 1639Jean du Vergier de Hauranne, Jansenist Abbé of Saint-Cyran, publishes Théologie familière, ou Instruction de ce que le Chrétien doit croire et faire en cette vie pour être sauvé in Paris.source
  • 1648At the Battle of Stirling in Scotland, the "Engagers" achieve victory over the Kirk Party.source
  • 1654Oliver Cromwell orders the exclusion of 120 members of Parliament who are hostile to him.source
  • 1673William, Prince of Orange occupies Naarden, Netherlands.source
  • 1675English colonists abandon Deerfield, Squakeag, and Brookfield due to a coalition of Indian attacks.source
  • 1683Pedro II becomes the King of Portugal after having served as regent since 1668 for his older brother Afonso VI.source
  • 1683Battle of Vienna: The Ottoman siege of the city is broken with the arrival of a force of 70,000 Poles, Austrians and Germans under Polish–Lithuanian king Jan III Sobieski, whose cavalry turns their flank. The victory marks a turning point in the Ottoman Empire's fortunes and the end of the Turkish attempt to expand its control into Western Europe.source
  • 1689September 3–12 – Messengers from over 100 Baptist churches assemble in the City of London to discuss and endorse the 1677 document that will become known as the 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith.source
  • 1700Antioh Cantemir is deposed as the voivode of Moldavia and replaced by his predecessor Constantine Ducas.source
  • 1702The Siege of Landau (War of the Spanish Succession) ends after 3 months with forces of the Holy Roman Empire capturing the fortress town in the Rhineland-Palatinate from a French garrison.source
  • 1703War of the Spanish Succession: Habsburg Archduke Charles is proclaimed King of Spain, but never exercises full rule.source
  • 1704War of the Spanish Succession: The siege of the French-held German town of Landau, by Holy Roman Empire troops under the command of Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden-Baden begins and lasts for more than ten weeks before the French surrender on November 23. During the siege, the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I visits the area in a newly-developed vehicle, a convertible horse-drawn carriage that has a removable roof. The style of vehicle itself is later called a "landau".source
  • 1711Siege of Bouchain in the War of the Spanish Succession concludes with the last major victory for John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough.source
  • 1733Stanislas Leszczynski, who had been King of Poland from 1704 to 1709 until being driven from the throne by King Augustus II, is returned to office by the vote of the Sejm. Russia and Austria protest the election, since King Stanislaus is backed by France and Sweden.source
  • 1745Francis I, the Grand Duke of Tuscany, is elected Holy Roman Emperor by the nine prince-electors of the Empire (from Bavaria, Bohemia, Brandenburg, Cologne, Hanover, Mainz, the Palatinate, Saxony and Trier) with the support of his wife, Maria Theresa. He is the successor of Charles VII Albert of Bavaria, an enemy of the House of Habsburg, who died on January 20 of this year.source
  • 1749The first recorded game of baseball is played, by Frederick, Prince of Wales, at Kingston upon Thames in England.source
  • 1749the first recorded game of baseball is played, by Frederick, Prince of Wales, at Kingston upon Thames.source
  • 1772Daniel Rutherford demonstrates the method of distinguishing nitrogen from other gases.source
  • 1775August 29 – September 12 – The Independence Hurricane from South Carolina to Nova Scotia kills 4,170, mostly fishermen and sailors.source
  • 1786September 11–14 - The Annapolis Convention is held by delegates from six of the 13 states (Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey and New York) resulting in the scheduling of the Philadelphia Convention to draft a national constitution.source
  • 1786September 11-14 – Annapolis Conventionsource
  • 1791The first serious secondary education school open to girls in Denmark, the Døtreskolen af 1791, is founded in Copenhagen.source
  • 1792The town of Fort Borbon is founded by Governor Joaquín Alós y Bru. Nowadays it is called Fuerte Olimpo.source
  • 1793Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson meets Emma, Lady Hamilton in Naples.source
  • 1822September 8–13 – Battle of Nauplia: In a series of naval engagements, the Ottoman Fleet fails to break through the Greek Fleet, under Admiral Andreas Vokos Miaoulis.source
  • 1824Lieutenant Henry Miller is formally appointed to establish a penal colony at Moreton Bay resulting in the founding of Brisbane on the Brisbane River (Miller had arrived in Moreton Bay a couple of months prior to the formal appointment)source
  • 1827The newspaper El Mercurio's Valparaiso edition is first printed.source
  • 1843The Battle of One Tree Hill was a conflict between European settlers and Aboriginals.source
  • 1846Poets Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning marry privately in London, departing a week later for the continent.source
  • 1848One of the successes of the Revolutions of 1848, the Swiss Federal Constitution, patterned on the Constitution of the United States, enters into force, creating a federal republic, and one of the first modern democratic states in Europe.source
  • 1850The 1850 Xichang earthquake (7.9) shakes the Chinese province of Sichuan killing more than 20,000 people.source
  • 1854Lieutenant-Governor of Victoria Charles Hotham opens Flinders Street station, the first city railway station in Australia.source
  • 1857The SS Central America sinks off the coast of North Carolina with the loss of 425 lives.source
  • 1857The SS Central America sinks off the coast of North Carolina, killing 425 people and sending large quantities of gold to the bottom.source
  • 1869September 12–13 – P&O's SS Carnatic runs aground and sinks in the Red Sea; 31 drown.source
  • 1870A Nelson team, the "Lunatics", defeats Wellington at Petone.source
  • 1870Revolution of the Lances: Battle of Paso Severinosource
  • 1876King Leopold II of Belgium hosts the Brussels Geographic Conference, on the subject of colonizing and exploring central Africa. By the event's conclusion, a new international body named the International African Association (indirect forerunner of the modern Congo state) is established.source
  • 1876Brussels Geographic Conference opens, leading to the foundation of the International African Associationsource
  • 1878Cleopatra's Needle is erected beside the Thames in London, having arrived in England on January 21.source
  • 1881Francis Howell High School (Howell Institute) in St. Charles, Missouri, and Stephen F. Austin High School in Austin, Texas, open on the same day, putting them in a tie for the title of the oldest public high school west of the Mississippi River.source
  • 1885Arbroath 36–0 Bon Accord is the world's highest scoring unrigged professional Association football match. An official score of Dundee Harp 35–0 Aberdeen Rovers is recorded in a separate match on the same day.source
  • 1885Arbroath F.C. defeats Bon Accord F.C. in Scotland, 36-0, the highest score ever in professional football.source
  • 1890Salisbury, Rhodesia, is founded.source
  • 1893American Temperance University begins classes in Harriman, Tennessee (it closes after 15 years, in May 1908).source
  • 1897Battle of Saragarhi: Twenty-one Sikhs of the 36th Sikhs regiment of the British Indian Army defend an army post to the death, against 10,000 Afghan and Orakzai tribesmen, in the Tirah Campaign on the Northwest frontier of the British Raj (modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan).source
  • 1900Admiral Fredrik von Otter becomes Prime Minister of Sweden.source
  • 1901The Nurses Registration Act 1901 is passed.source
  • 1905September 11 – 19 die and 48 are seriously injured when the Ninth Avenue Elevated train derails in Manhattan.source
  • 1906The inventor and aviation pioneer Jacob Christian Ellehammer makes a sustained but tethered flight in his self-built Ellehammer semi-biplane on the small Lindholm Island outside Copenhagen, three years after the world’s first historical flight by the Wright brothers in 1903. The flight distance is 42 meters at an altitude of over 50 centimeters.source
  • 1915French soldiers rescue over 4,000 Armenian genocide survivors stranded on Musa Dagh, a mountain in the Hatay province of Turkey.source
  • 1916Henrik Mohn, meteorologist (born 1835)source
  • 1919The nationalist poet Gabriele D’Annunzio leads 2,600 Italian irredentist troops against a mixed force of Allied soldiers to occupy the city of Fiume. The march to Fiume became known as the Impresa di Fiume ("Fiume Exploit"). D'Annunzio announces that he had annexed the territory to the Kingdom of Italy. He was enthusiastically welcomed by the Italian population of Fiume. The move was opposed by the Italian government, and D'Annunzio tried to resist pressure from Italy. The plotters sought to have Italy annex Fiume, but this was denied. Instead, Italy initiated a blockade of Fiume while demanding that the plotters surrender. The victors establish the Italian Regency of Carnaro, an unrecognized state based on the proto-fascist Charter of Carnaro.source
  • 1919Gabriele D'Annunzio, with his entourage, marches into Fiume and convinces Italian troops to join him.source
  • 1919Adolf Hitler spies on the German's Worker Party meeting in 1919 for the Reichswehr, also joining the party.source
  • 1919September 10–15 – The Florida Keys hurricane kills 600 in the Gulf of Mexico, Florida and Texas.source
  • 1919September 10 – September 15: The Florida Keys Hurricane kills 600 in the Gulf of Mexico, Florida and Texas.source
  • 1920The position of Patriarch of the Serbs is re-established as the authority over the Serbian Orthodox Church, almost 156 years to the day after it was abolished by the Ottoman Empire in 1766.source
  • 1928The Okeechobee hurricane hits Guadeloupe, killing 1,200 people.source
  • 1930Sound newsreels appear for the first time in German cinemas.source
  • 1931South Sydney 12 defeat Eastern Suburbs 7 for their tenth NSWRL premiershipsource
  • 1932The very unpopular Papen government in Germany is defeated on a massive motion of no-confidence in the Reichstag. With the exceptions of the German People's Party and the German National People's Party, every party in the Reichstag votes for the no-confidence motion. Papen has Hindenburg dissolve the Reichstag for new elections in November.source
  • 1933Alejandro Lerroux forms a new government in Spain.source
  • 1933Leó Szilárd, waiting for a red light on Southampton Row in Bloomsbury (London), conceives the idea of the nuclear chain reaction.source
  • 1935an underground explosion at North Gawber (Lidgett) colliery, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, kills nineteen.source
  • 1938Hitler makes his much-anticipated closing address at Nuremberg, in which he vehemently attacks the Czech people and President Beneš. American news commentator H. V. Kaltenborn begins his famous marathon of broadcast bulletins over the CBS Radio Network, with a summation of Hitler's address.source
  • 1940Lascaux: 17,000-year-old cave paintings are discovered by a group of young Frenchmen hiking through Southern France. The paintings depict animals and date to the Stone Age.source
  • 1940In Lascaux, France, 17,000-year-old cave paintings are discovered by a group of young Frenchmen hiking through Southern France. The paintings depict animals, and date to the Stone Age.source
  • 1940The Hercules Munitions Plant in Succasunna-Kenvil, New Jersey explodes, killing 55 people.source
  • 1941WWII: The first snowfall is reported on the Russian front.source
  • 1955September 10–20: Hurricane Hilda (1955).source
  • 1958Jack Kilby invents the first integrated circuit, while working at Texas Instruments.source
  • 1961The African and Malagasy Union is founded.source
  • 1962The first Kohl's department store chain is opened in Brookfield, Wisconsin.source
  • 1962President John F. Kennedy, in his "We choose to go to the Moon" speech at Rice University, reaffirms that the U.S. will put a man on the Moon by the end of the decade.source
  • 1966B. J. Vorster becomes the new Prime Minister of South Africa.source
  • 1966Gemini 11 (Charles "Pete" Conrad Jr., Richard F. Gordon Jr) is launched from the United States. The crew performed the first direct-ascent (first orbit) rendezvous with an Agena Target Vehicle, docking with it.source
  • 1969A Philippine Airlines plane hits a tree and crashes on a hill in Antipolo, Rizal, killing 45 of 47 people on board. It is then the country's second worst air accident.source
  • 1971September 9–13 – Attica Prison riot: A revolt breaks out at the maximum-security prison in Attica, New York. In the end, state police and the United States National Guard storm the facility; 42 are killed, 10 of them hostages.source
  • 1971September 5–18: Hurricane Edith.source
  • 1974Ethiopian Revolution: Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia is deposed by the Derg, bringing an end to the Solomonic dynasty's rule since 1270. The Ethiopian Civil War begins.source
  • 1974African Youth Amílcar Cabral is founded in Guinea-Bissau.source
  • 1978The Declaration of Alma Ata is signed and released in the Capital City of Kazakh, USSR. Known as the core document on Primary Health Care Practices and Equity in Healthcare, it paved the way for the modern-day State-sponsored Healthcare System.source
  • 1979Hurricane Frederic makes landfall at 10:00 p.m. on Alabama's Gulf Coast.source
  • 1980Kenan Evren stages a military coup in Turkey. It stops political gang violence, but begins stronger state violence leading to the execution of many young activists.source
  • 1981September 4–12. Major Soviet military exercise Zapad’81 (West’81) takes place in Belarus and the Baltic States.source
  • 1981The new Singapore General Hospital is officially opened.source
  • 1987September 7–21 – The world's first conference on artificial life is held at Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United States.source
  • 1988September 8–19: Hurricane Gilbertsource
  • 1988Hurricane Gilbert devastates Jamaica; it turns towards Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula 2 days later, causing an estimated $5 billion in damage.source
  • 1990A judge in Australia orders the arrest of media tycoon Christopher Skase, former owner of the Seven Network, after he fails to give evidence in a liquidator's examination of failed shipbuilding company Lloyds Ships Holdings, an associate of Skase's Qintex Australia Ltd.source
  • 1992In Peru, police arrest Abimael Guzmán, the leader of the Shining Path guerilla movement, who has evaded capture for 12 years.source
  • 1995September 4–15 – The Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing with over 4,750 delegates from 181 countries in attendance.source
  • 1998September 12 and 13 - 1998 Bosnian general election took place.source
  • 1998The Argentina national rugby union team plays the first match in its tour of Japan and Europe.source
  • 1998The Cuban Five intelligence agents are arrested in Miami, and later convicted of espionage. The agents claim they were not spying against the United States Government but against the Cuban exile community in Miami.source
  • 1999Under international pressure to allow an international peacekeeping force, Indonesian president BJ Habibie announces that he will do so.source
  • 1999Nuestra Belleza México 1999source
  • 2000September 7–14 – Fuel protests in the United Kingdom, with refineries blockaded and supply to the country's network of petrol stations halted.source
  • 2003Typhoon Maemi, makes landfall in South Korea as a category 3 typhoon with sustained winds of 125 mph.source
  • 20042004 Hong Kong legislative electionsource
  • 2005Israel demolishes multiple settlements and withdraws its army from the Gaza Strip.source
  • 2005Hong Kong Disneyland opened to visitors at 13:00 (HKT).source
  • 2007Daniel Ciobotea is elected as the 6th Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church since the Church was elevated to this status in 1925.source
  • 2007Burj Dubai reaches 555.3 metres, surpassing the 553.3 metre CN Tower in Toronto, Ontario Canada as the world's tallest free-standing structure on land, which it had been since 1976. The building is due for completion 2008 with a final projected height of 818 metres.source
  • 2008A train collision occurred in Chatsworth, California, when a Metrolink train and Union Pacific local collided head-on.source
  • 2010Lithuanian national basketball team won bronze medal at 2010 FIBA World Championship.source
  • 2011Approximately 100 people die after a petrol pipeline explodes in Nairobi.source
  • 2014Cuba announces plans to send 165 medical staff to West Africa to help combat the Ebola virus outbreak that has claimed more than 2,400 lives.source
  • 2020Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute: Juan Edghill, Minister of Public Affairs, expresses confidence that the International Court of Justice (ICJ) will rule in Guyana's favor in the border dispute with Venezuela.source
  • 2022September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes: Azerbaijan attacks Armenian positions near the cities of Vardenis, Goris, Sotk and Jermuk, and occupies certain areas of its territory along the Armenia–Azerbaijan border. Over the next few days, more than 100 Armenian soldiers are killed in the clashes, while Azerbaijan acknowledges 71 fatalities among its forces.source
  • 2023North Macedonia orders the expulsion of three Russian diplomats for alleged violations of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations.source
  • 2023Police launch an investigation after discovering a tunnel from an apartment to a Podgorica court depot holding seized drugs and evidence.source
  • 2024The first commercial spacewalk is conducted by entrepreneur Jared Isaacman as part of the Polaris Dawn mission, which also includes the highest altitude orbit by a human crew since the Apollo program.source
  • 2024Heavy rainfall in Central Europe triggers the worst flooding in the region since 2010.source
  • 2025Former chief justice Sushila Karki assumes office as interim prime minister of an interim government formed after K. P. Sharma Oli's resignation in Nepal, the decision notably being decided via a poll on a social media platform, Discord.source
  • 20252025 Pacific Islands Forum Leaders Meeting in Honiara.source
  • 2025September 12–28 – The 2025 FIVB Men's Volleyball World Championship is held in Pasay and Quezon City, the Philippines, and is won by Italy.source

Births

  • 1415John Mowbray, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, English magnate (died 1461)source
  • 1492Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino (died 1519)source
  • 1494King Francis I of France (died 1547)source
  • 1590María de Zayas, Spanish writer (died 1661)source
  • 1605William Dugdale, English antiquary and herald (died 1686)source
  • 1649Giuseppe Maria Tomasi, Sicilian saint (died 1713)source
  • 1655Sébastien de Brossard, French composer and music theorist (died 1730)source
  • 1694Johan von Mangelsen, military officer and businessperson (died 1769).source
  • 1704Stephen Fox-Strangways, 1st Earl of Ilchester (died 1776)source
  • 1739Mary Bosanquet Fletcher, Methodist preacher and philanthropist (died 1816)source
  • 1747Caleb Brewster, Patriot spy during the American Revolutionary War (died 1827)source
  • 1788Alexander Campbell, Irish-born founder of the Disciples of Christ (died 1866)source
  • 1806Andrew Hull Foote, American admiral (died 1863)source
  • 1812Carmen Quiroga de Urmeneta, philanthropist (died 1897)source
  • 1847Wacław Mayzel, histologist (died 1916)source
  • 1852H. H. Asquith, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1928)source
  • 1862Carl Eytel, German-American artist working in Palm Springs, California (died 1925)source
  • 1871Mário Alves Monteiro Tourinho, general (died 1964)source
  • 1880H. L. Mencken, American journalist (died 1956)source
  • 1882Ion Agârbiceanu, Romanian writer, journalist, politician and priest (died 1963)source
  • 1891Pedro Albizu Campos, advocate of Puerto Rican independence (died 1965)source
  • 1913Jesse Owens, American athlete (died 1980)source
  • 1943Celso Ad. Castillo, film director and screenwriter (died 2012)source
  • 1951Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Irelandsource
  • 1967Louis C.K., American comedian and actorsource
  • 1994RM, South Korean rapper and songwritersource
  • 1994Elina Svitolina, Ukrainian tennis playersource

Deaths

  • 640Sak Kʼukʼ, queen of Palenquesource
  • 973Nefingus, bishop of Angerssource
  • 1012Ad-Da'i Yusuf, Zaidi imam and rulersource
  • 1015Lambert I, count of Louvain (born 950)source
  • 1185Andronikos I Komnenos, Byzantine emperor, assassinated (born 1118)source
  • 1209Fujiwara no Kinshi (Go-Shirakawa), Japanese empress (born 1134)source
  • 1213King Peter II of Aragon (killed in battle) (born 1174)source
  • 1236Thomas of Marlborough, English abbotsource
  • 1262Baldwin de Redvers, 7th Earl of Devon, English nobleman (born 1236)source
  • 1263Mindaugas (or Mendog), the only Christian king of Lithuania, is assassinated by his cousin Treniota. The country reverts to paganism and loses its status as a kingdom. Treniota usurps the throne (until 1264).source
  • 1263Mindaugas (or Mendog), king of Lithuania, assassinated (born 1203)source
  • 1264Hōjō Nagatoki, Japanese regent (born 1227)source
  • 1306An Hyang, Korean scholar and philosopher (born 1243)source
  • 1362Pope Innocent VI (born 1282 or 1295)source
  • 1368Blanche of Lancaster, English duchess, spouse of John of Gaunt (born 1345)source
  • 1439Sidi El Houari, Algerian imam (born 1350)source
  • 1457Gabriele Sforza, Archbishop of Milan (born 1423)source
  • 1500Albert III, Duke of Saxony (born 1443)source
  • 1544Clément Marot, French poet (born 1496)source
  • 1565September 11–20 – Cipriano de Rore, Flemish composer and teacher (born 1515)source
  • 1612Tsar Vasili IV of Russia (born 1552)source
  • 1651William Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Hamilton, Scottish nobleman (born 1616)source
  • 1674Nicolaes Tulp, Dutch anatomist and politician (born 1593)source
  • 1677Tønne Huitfeldt, landowner and military officer (born 1625).source
  • 1687John Alden, Mayflower passenger and New World colonist (born 1598)source
  • 1712Sir Thomas Williams, 1st Baronet, about 90source
  • 1733François Couperin, French composer (born 1668)source
  • 1739Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (born 1667)source
  • 1748Anne Bracegirdle, English actress (born c. 1671)source
  • 1764Jean-Philippe Rameau, French composer (born 1683)source
  • 1779Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, English politician (born 1711)source
  • 1781Peter Scheemakers, Flemish sculptor (born 1691)source
  • 1813Edmund Randolph, American politician (born 1753)source
  • 1819Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Prussian general (born 1742)source
  • 1829Juan Ignacio Molina (born 1740)source
  • 1831Macedonio Alcalá in Oaxaca, Oaxaca (died 1869)source
  • 1860William Walker, American filibuster who was briefly President of Nicaragua (executed) (born 1824)source
  • 1869Peter Mark Roget, British lexicographer (born 1779)source
  • 1874François Guizot, Prime Minister of France (born 1787)source
  • 1977Steve Biko, South African anti-apartheid activist (born 1946)source
  • 1992Anthony Perkins, 60, American actor (Psycho, Friendly Persuasion, The Black Hole), AIDS.source
  • 1993Raymond Burr, 76, Canadian-American actor (Perry Mason, Rear Window, Ironside), Emmy winner (1959, 1961), kidney cancer.source
  • 2014Ian Paisley, Baron Bannside, 88, Northern Irish politician, first minister (2007–2008), MP (1970–2010) and member of the House of Lords (since 2010).source