1575 CE

Battle of Nagashino: Oda Nobunaga defeats Takeda Katsuyori in Japan's first modern battle. Edmund Grindal succeeds Matthew Parker as Archbishop of Canterbury. Battle of Dormans: Catholic forces under Henry I, Duke of Guise defeat the Protestants, capturing Philippe de Mornay among others.

In the 1570s, the 16th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • April 6 – Antoine I de Gramont, Lord Sovereign of the Principality of Bidache in the French Pyrennees Mountains, promulgates a legal code for his people.source
  • May 22 – Elizabeth I of England orders Essex to break off his enterprise of the plantation of Antrim. He will return to England at the end of the year.Irelandsource
  • June 27 – Turlough Luineach O'Neill submits to the English authorities and receives extensive grants of lands and permission to employ 300 Scottish mercenaries.Irelandsource
  • August 5 – Henry Sidney is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.source
  • August 5 – Sir Henry Sidney is reappointed Lord Deputy of Ireland following the resignation of Sir William FitzWilliam.Irelandsource
  • October 22 – The city of Villa de la Asunción (today Aguascalientes) is founded in New Spain, by permission from Philip II of Spain.source
  • November 8 – The Sejm of Poland meets in Warsaw to elect a new King of Poland after King Henryk has failed to return from France, and considers 11 candidates.source

Conflict & Security

  • March 3 – Battle of Tukaroi: The Mughal Empire decisively defeats the Karrani dynasty of Bengal. The battle took place near the village of Tukaroi in present-day Balasore District of Odisha.source
  • 3 March – The Battle of Tukaroi was fought.Indiasource
  • April 18 – Bayinnaung, King of Burma, returns to his capital at Pegu from Vientiane after installing Voravongsa I as the Burmese-appointed monarch of the Kingdom of Lan Xang (now Laos).source
  • May 12 – King Henry III of France, who had been selected in 1573 by the nobles of Poland and Lithuania to be King of Poland as Henryk Walezy, is stripped of his Polish and Lithuanian titles after failing to return to Kraków by the deadline imposed by the Polish nobility.source
  • June 28 – Battle of Nagashino: Oda Nobunaga defeats Takeda Katsuyori in Japan's first modern battle.source
  • July 7 – Raid of the Redeswire: Sir John Carmichael defeats Sir John Forster, in the last battle between England and Scotland.source
  • 7 July – Raid of the Redeswire, near Carter Bar, a border incident.Scotlandsource
  • July 20–26 – Rathlin Island Massacre: English adventurers Francis Drake and John Norreys, acting for the Earl of Essex, lead an expedition that culminates in the massacre of 500 of the clan MacDonnell in a surprise raid on Rathlin Island.Irelandsource
  • September 22 – Ottoman forces led by Ferhad Pasha Sokolović defeat the Austrian Army, led by Herbard VIII von Auersperg, in the Battle of Budačka. Auersperg is decapitated and Ferhad Pasha leaves Croatia with the head as a trophy.source
  • October 10 – Battle of Dormans: Catholic forces under Henry I, Duke of Guise defeat the Protestants, capturing Philippe de Mornay among others.source
  • November 9 – Ferhad Pasha Sokolović returns to Constantinople in triumph with the head of General Auersperg as a trophy after his September 22 victory at Budecka.source
  • Russians occupy Pernau in western Estonia, and the fortress of Weissenstein.source
  • 1 to 7 March – Battle of DormansFrancesource

Exploration & Expansion

  • February 11 – Portuguese explorer Paulo Dias de Novais arrives in southeastern Africa to colonize what is now Angola.source
  • April 2 – English privateer Gilbert Horseley and his crew sail into the Bay of Honduras in Central America and conduct three days of raids of Spanish settlements and ships.source
  • November 22 – Portuguese navigator Manuel de Mesquita Perestrelo departs from Mozambique on a mission for to map the coastline, completing the task on March 13.source
  • Abraham Ortelius becomes a geographer to Philip II of Spain.source

Religion & Belief

  • February 13 – The formal coronation of Henry III as King of France takes place at the Reims Cathedral. Henry inherited the throne on May 30, 1574, upon the death of his older brother, Charles IX. He marries Louise of Lorraine.source
  • May 24 – In an attempt to reform the Eastern Orthodox Church, Lutheran missionaries meet with Jeremias II Tranos, the Ecumenical Patriarch, at his residence in Constantinople, and present him with a Greek translation of the Augsburg Confession. Jeremias sends the missionaries, Jakob Andreae and Martin Crusius, three rebuttals to define the objections he has to the Lutheran document, declaring the reasons why the Eastern Orthodoxy has no desire for reformation.source
  • July 26 – Edmund Grindal succeeds Matthew Parker as Archbishop of Canterbury.source
  • September 25 – At St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague, Rudolf of Habsburg, son of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II, is crowned King of Bohemia by the Archbishop Antonín Brus of Mohelnice.source
  • December 12 – Under pressure from Papal nuncio Vincenzo Lauro when a majority of the Sejm has still not agreed on a candidate, the Primate of Poland, Jakub Uchański, declares Maximilian II new King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania.source
  • Venceslaus Agrippa Lituanus is the Great Scribe of Lithuania.source
  • Approximate date – the manuscript now known as Royal Irish Academy, MS 23 N 10 is copied at Ballycumin, County Roscommon, by Aodh, Dubhthach and Torna of the Ó Maolconaire family.Irelandsource

Economy & Finance

  • September 1 –As a result of the Eighty Years' War, the government of the Kingdom of Spain is in bankruptcy and stops paying its troops, beginning in March.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • January 21 – Queen Elizabeth I of England grants a monopoly on producing printed sheet music, to Thomas Tallis and William Byrd.source
  • June – Essex builds a bridge and fort at Blackwater (north of Armagh).Irelandsource

Science & Discovery

  • Captains of vessels flying the Spanish flag are legally required to maintain a logbook.source

Health & Medicine

  • August–September – Plague in Leinster.Irelandsource
  • September 22 – Paulo Dias de Novais becomes the first Portuguese Governor of Angola.source
  • The bubonic plague decimates Venice.source
  • The Dutch pharmacist Anthonius Busenius is authorized to take part in Slottet Tre Kronor's medicine supply and move it outside the city to be able to sell medicine to the public. This counts as the first royal pharmacy privilege in Sweden, and the first pharmacy was founded at Stortorget in Stockholm.Swedensource

Crime & Justice

  • March 16 – Edmund O'Donnell is hanged, drawn and quartered in Cork as a traitor, the first Jesuit executed by the English government.Irelandsource
  • September 26 – Future Spanish author and playwright Miguel de Cervantes, then 28, is taken hostage by the Ottoman Albanian pirate Arnaut Mami after an attack on the Spanish galley Sol off of the Catalan coast. Cervantes spends the next five years as a slave in Algeria before his family pays a ransom to free him.source
  • Walter Devereux, Earl of Essex, has members of the clan O'Neill killed at Banbridge.Irelandsource

Climate & Environment

Culture & Society

  • February 8 – William I of Orange founds Leiden University.source
  • 5 March – Agnes Keith, Countess of Moray returns the Great H of Scotland to Regent Morton.Scotlandsource
  • June 24 – William the Silent, Prince of Orange, marries Charlotte of Bourbon.source
  • November – During Regent Morton's justice ayre at Dumfries, Lord John and Claud Hamilton hold a horse race against English borderers at Solway sands.Scotlandsource
  • The seat of the Audiencia Real in Chile moves from Concepción to Santiago.source

Births

Deaths