1571 CE

Following the Battle of Bangkusay Channel, the conquest of the Kingdom of Maynila is complete; Spanish Conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi makes Manila a city, and the capital of the Philippines. In what is now the state of Kerala in India, the Siege of Chaliyam begins as the Zamorin of Kozhikode, Mana Vikrama, sends troops to starve out the Portuguese Empire's Chale fortress. The Portuguese defender, Dom Jorge de Castro, is allowed to surrender the fort in November and the Portuguese are allowed to march out of the fort. De Castro is executed by the Portuguese Governor-General after returning to Portuguese controlled Goa. Liliw, Laguna, Philippines is founded by Gat Tayaw, followers and residents as a municipality of Laguna.

In the 1570s, the 16th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

February – John Perrot is made Lord President of Munster.Ireland source
April 2 – The 3rd Parliament of Elizabeth I, with 438 members, assembles in England at Westminster after being summoned on February 17.source
April 21 – In the German Duchy of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, the serfs are emancipated by John, Count of Palatine and Duke of Zweibrucken.source
September 28 – The House of Commons of England introduces the first pro forma bill, symbolizing its authority over its own affairs.source

Conflict & Security

February 4 – The Spanish Jesuit missionaries of the Ajacán Mission, established on the Virginia Peninsula of North America in 1570, are massacred by local Native Americans.source
March - Swedish victory over the Russians in the Battle of Ubagall.Sweden source
April 12 – The Ridolfi plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England is foiled by the capture of Ridolfi's messenger, Charles Baillie.source
April 21 – In China, General Altan Khan is granted authority to rule the western provinces by the Ming dynasty Emperor Longqing in return for his payment of a tribute.source
June 3 – Following the Battle of Bangkusay Channel, the conquest of the Kingdom of Maynila is complete; Spanish Conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi makes Manila a city, and the capital of the Philippines.source
June 24 – On the island of Luzon in the Philippines, Miguel López de Legazpi of Spain establishes a Spanish fortress at Manila Bay and, after making a peace pact with the Crown Prince of Luzon, Rajah Sulayman declares Manila to be the administrative capital of the Spanish East Indies.source
July 14 – In what is now the state of Kerala in India, the Siege of Chaliyam begins as the Zamorin of Kozhikode, Mana Vikrama, sends troops to starve out the Portuguese Empire's Chale fortress. The Portuguese defender, Dom Jorge de Castro, is allowed to surrender the fort in November and the Portuguese are allowed to march out of the fort. De Castro is executed by the Portuguese Governor-General after returning to Portuguese controlled Goa.source
August 1 – The Ottoman conquest of Cyprus is concluded, by the surrender of Famagusta. Cyprus is established as an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire, and the first Turkish colony moves into the island.source
September 5 – John Erskine, Earl of Mar is selected by the Scottish royal family to be the new Regent of Scotland to rule on behalf of the 5-year-old King James VI. The Earl of Mar replaces Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, the King's grandfather, who was assassinated the day before by supporters of his daughter-in-law the imprisoned Mary, Queen of Scots.source
September 30 (12th day of 9th month of Genki) – In Japan, the Siege of Mount Hiei is carried out by Oda Nobunaga at Ōmi Province (now the Shiga Prefecture). After Nobunaga's 30,000 troops overwhelm the monks of the 4,000 warriors of the Sōhei, Nobunaga orders the massacre of more than 1,500 survivors.source
October 7 – Battle of Lepanto: Spanish, Venetian, and Papal naval forces, under Don John of Austria, defeat the Ottoman fleet of Müezzinzade Ali Pasha.source
November 20 – Clan Gordon defeats Clan Forbes in the Battle of Craibstone, fought near Aberdeen in Scotland. Clan Forbes sustains 300 deaths and 200 men are taken prisoner out of its original contingent of 900, while Clan Gordon suffers 200 deaths of its 800 men.source
16 march - The Russian Siege of Reval in Swedish Estonia ends.Sweden source

Exploration & Expansion

August - The deposed monarch and his family is taken to Åland.Sweden source
Using mercury in the silver extraction process dramatically increases the output of the Potosí mine; thus begins the great silver flow that links the New and Old Worlds.source

Religion & Belief

January 11 – The Austrian nobility are granted freedom of religion.source
February 3 – Miler Magrath is appointed Church of Ireland Archbishop of Cashel (being translated from Clogher) while simultaneously retaining the title of Roman Catholic Bishop of Down and Connor. He will retain his new post until his death in 1622.Ireland source
March 18 – The Order of the Knights of Saint John transfers the capital of Malta, from Birgu to Valletta.source
April 17 – Pope John XIV of Alexandria begins a 15-year reign as leader of the Coptic Christian Church.source
May 25 – The Holy League is established as an alliance of the Papal States, the Republic of Venice, the Republic of Genoa, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy of Savoy, the Duchy of Urbino, the Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily under the rule of the Spanish Empire and the Knights of Malta for mutual defense against attacks by the Ottoman Empire on ships in the Mediterranean Sea.source
May 29 – Queen Elizabeth I of England gives royal assent to laws that had been passed by the 3rd Parliament, including the Bulls from Rome Act 1571 to prevent the publication in England of papal bulls as well as "writings or instruments and other superstitious things from the See of Rome"source
May – King Charles IX issues the edict of Gaillon for taxing printers and book sales.France source
August 29 – Liliw, Laguna, Philippines is founded by Gat Tayaw, followers and residents as a municipality of Laguna.source
November 4 – The Mexican Inquisition, for investigation and punishment of heresy against the Roman Catholic Church in the New World, begins with the first session of the Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition in New Spain.source
November 16 – Michele Bonelli is sent as the legate a latere by Pope Pius V to work directly with King Charles IX of France. From June 18 until his new assignment, Bonelli had been the legate to the King of Spain and the King of Portugal.source
The Swedish Church Ordinance 1571 creates the first complete order of the Protestant Swedish church. The church ordinance also includes a chapter about schooling, in which all children in the cities, regardless of sex, are to be given elementary schooling.source
First printing in the Irish language in Dublin, Aibidil Gaoidheilge agus Caiticiosma, a primer printed by John Kearney.Ireland source

Economy & Finance

January 23 – The Royal Exchange opens in London, England.source

Technology & Infrastructure

November – Sir Thomas Smith is granted a patent and indenture from Queen Elizabeth I to establish an English colony on 360,000 acres (145,690 ha) of land in north Down in the territory of the Clandeboye O’Neills.Ireland source

Disasters & Accidents

May 24 – Moscow is burnt by the Crimean army, under Devlet I Giray.source

Culture & Society

March 25 – Elisabeth of Austria is crowned as queen of France.France source
April 2 – Dumbarton Castle is recaptured from Lord Fleming by the forces of Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, the Regent for King James VI of Scotland.source
June 25 – Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Horncastle, is founded in Lincolnshire, England.source
June 27 – Jesus College is established "within the City and University of Oxford of Queen Elizabeth's foundation" in England, by Welsh cleric and lawyer Hugh Price.source
July 25 – St Olave's Grammar School is founded in Tooley Street, London.source
October - The deposed monarch and his family is taken to Gripsholm Castle.Sweden source
December 24 – Henry XI, Duke of the German Duchy of Liegnitz (now part of Poland), who had increased the Duchy's debts from 80,000 thalers to 700,000 thalers over 11 years, attempts to get the representatives of the Congress of Estates to pledge their own goods and valuables as collateral for refinancing the debt. When the representatives of the different parts of the Duchy refuse, he has them jailed until they agree to pay taxes for 10 percent of the debt owed.source
Glenquin Castle was confiscated by the Crown from the Geraldines.Ireland source

Births

January 9 – Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy, French soldier in Habsburg service (died 1621)source
January 27 – Abbas I of Safavid, Shah of Iran (died 1629)source
February 15 – Michael Praetorius, German composer and writer on music (died 1621)source
March 31 – Pietro Aldobrandini, Italian cardinal, archbishop (died 1621)source
April 24 – Sur Singh, Ruler of Marwar (died 1619)source
June 17 – Thomas Mun, English writer on economics (died 1641)source
August 2 – Charles, Duke of Guise, son of Henry I (died 1640)source
August 14 – Anders Bure, founder of Swedish cartography (died 1646)source
September 29 – Caravaggio, Venetian artist (died 1610)source
November 18 – Hippolytus Guarinonius, Italian physician and polymath (died 1654)source
December 3 – Lakshmi Kumara Thathachariar, Indian saint (died 1643)source
December 27 – Johannes Kepler, German astronomer (died 1630)source
December 29 – John of St. Samson, French friar and mystic of the Catholic Church. (d.1636)France source
December 31 – Emperor Go-Yōzei of Japan (died 1617)source
Hugh Roe O'Donnell, Irish chieftain and rebel (died 1603)source
Henry I De Coursey (in Dublin)Ireland source

Deaths

January 3 – Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (born 1505)source
January 3 – Yi Hwang, Korean Neo-Confucian scholar, (b.1502)source
January 9 – Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, French naval officer (born 1510)source
February 12 – Nicholas Throckmorton, English diplomat and politician (born 1515)source
February 13 – Benvenuto Cellini, Italian artist (born 1500)source
March 14 – John Sigismund Zápolya, King of Hungary (born 1540)source
March 21 – Odet de Coligny, French cardinal and Protestant (born 1517)source
March 21 – Odet de Coligny, Cardinal of Châtillon. (b.1517)France source
May 29 – Joachim Mörlin, German Lutheran bishop (born 1514)source
June 7 – Francesco Corteccia, Italian composer (born 1502)source
July 6 – Mōri Motonari, Japanese warlord (born 1497)source
September 4 – Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox (born 1516)source
September 23 – John Jewel, English Anglican bishop (born 1522)source
October 7 – Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg, Danish queen, consort of Christian III of Denmark (born 1511)source
November 10 – Jérôme Souchier, French Roman Catholic cardinal (b.1508)France source
December 14 – Lorenzo Strozzi, Italian Catholic cardinal (born 1513)source
Gillaspick MacDonnell (Giolla Easpuig MacDomhnaill), a son of Colla MacDonnell. Killed by a bull in a bullfight.Ireland source
Gustaf Olofsson Stenbock, nobleman and freiherrSweden source