/year

April 2 in history

196 sourced entries recorded on April 2, from 181 CE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 528Xiaoming's daughter is replaced by the 2- or 3-year-old Yuan Zhao as emperor of Northern Wei, by order of Empress Dowager Husource
  • 815Sihyaj K'in Ich’aak II becomes the new ruler of the Mayan city state of Machaquila in Guatemala after the death of Ochk'in Kaloomte' Aj Ho' Baak, and reigns until early 824.source
  • 1141In a legatine council convened by Alberic of Ostia in the Templum Domini, the claim of the Latin Patriarch of Antioch over the diocese of Tyre is rejected. Also, a step towards church unity between the Armenian and Latin Church is achieved when the Armenian Catholicos Gregory III makes a profession of faith and promises to restore union with Rome, which is achieved at the end of the century.source
  • 1318After a two-day battle, Scottish forces under James the Black retake Berwick-upon-Tweed. The fall of Berwick is a severe blow for King Edward II, and its loss is compounded by the fall of the Northumbrian castles of Wark-on-Tweed (Carham Castle), Harbottle and Mitford.source
  • 1402Jingnan campaign: In China, the Yan Army, led by Prince Zhu Di reaches Suishui, west of Huaibei, in what is now the Anhui province.source
  • 1416Alfonso V becomes the new King of Aragon and the new King of Sicily upon the death of his father, King Ferdinand I of Aragon.source
  • 1437A bubonic plague epidemic strikes the independent city of Ragusa (modern-day Dubrovnik in Croatia), capital of the Republic of Ragusa, and a group of 10 patricians reject the chance to flee, staying to govern the city. Within 15 days, nine of the ten are dead, and only Marin Simunov Rastic survives. The progress of the plague, which lasts for more than two months, is chronicled by an Italian-born resident, Opis Diversis.source
  • 1458George of Poděbrady (King Jiří z Poděbrad) receives the Crown of Saint Wenceslas at his coronation at the St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague as King of Bohemia.source
  • 1479The Peace of Olomouc is signed between King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary and King Vladislaus II of Bohemia, bringing the Bohemian–Hungarian War (1468–1478) to an end.source
  • 1481King James III of Scotland gives royal assent to the six Defence of the Realm Acts and to the Benefices Act 1481, passed by his parliament in anticipation of a war with England.source
  • 1503The Kingdom of Cochin (ruled by a Portuguese-installed raja, Unni Ramman Koyil II in modern-day India's Kerala state) is invaded by 50,000 Nair troops of the Zamorin of Calicut.source
  • 1513Juan Ponce de León and his expedition become the first Europeans known to visit Florida, landing somewhere on the east coast. One of the expedition, Juan Garrido, becomes the first African known to visit North America.source
  • 1520Juan de Cartagena, formerly captain of the largest ship on the Magellan expedition, San Antonio, escapes captivity from the Victoria and begins a mutiny against Ferdinand Magellan. He is joined by Gaspar de Quesada, captain of the Concepción, and Luis de Mendoza, captain of the Victoria. On the first day of the rebellion, under the pretense of delivering Magellan's letter of surrender to the Victoria, several crew from the Magellan's flagship Trinidad stab Mendoza to death, and the rest of the Victoria crew seizes the mutineers.source
  • 1557The Treaty of Novgorod between Sweden and Russia is put into effect as delegates kiss the cross, as demanded by the Tsar Ivan IV.source
  • 1557Treaty of Novgorod (1557)source
  • 1562Civil war breaks out in the Kingdom of France as Louis I, Prince of Condé, leader of the Protestant Huguenots, declares war against the French Catholic rulers, in retaliation for the March 1 massacre of Vassy. Condé and Gaspard de Coligny seize control of Orléans, and other uprisings follow throughout France.source
  • 1571The 3rd Parliament of Elizabeth I, with 438 members, assembles in England at Westminster after being summoned on February 17.source
  • 1571Dumbarton Castle is recaptured from Lord Fleming by the forces of Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, the Regent for King James VI of Scotland.source
  • 1575English privateer Gilbert Horseley and his crew sail into the Bay of Honduras in Central America and conduct three days of raids of Spanish settlements and ships.source
  • 15821582 Ancuancu earthquake: Ancuancu (in modern-day La Paz Department, Bolivia) is struck by an earthquake that reportedly buries all of the inhabitants, except for one chief, who reportedly loses the ability to speak. On the place where the village had stood, the Jacha Kalla (Achocalla) valley is formed as a result of the earthquake.source
  • 1606Treaty for the protection of the Principality of Sedan.source
  • 1614James I rebukes a deputation from the Catholic opposition in the Parliament of Ireland.source
  • 1656The Treaty of Brussels is signed, creating an alliance between Philip IV of Spain and the exiled Royalists of the British Isles, led by Charles II.source
  • 1656Treaty of Brussels concluded between representatives of Philip IV of Spain and the exiled Charles II of Great Britainsource
  • 1656Anglo-Spanish War: King Philip IV of Spain signs a treaty with the exiled Charles II of England for the reconquest of England.source
  • 1660The Merces baronets, a British nobility title is created.source
  • 1671In Rome, Pope Clement X canonizes Rose of Lima, making her the first Catholic saint of the Americas.source
  • 1676Chief Canonchet of the Narragansett people is captured by mercenaries of the Pequot, Mohegan and Niantic nations who have been hired by English settlers. He is offered a chance to live if he makes peace with the English, refuses, and is executed the next day in Stonington, Connecticut.source
  • 1678Ignatius Gregory Peter VI Shahbaddin is enthroned as the Patriarch of the Syriac Catholic Church in Aleppo, after receiving recognition by Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV and by Pope Innocent XI.source
  • 1694Sheikh Yusuf, exiled by the administrators of the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia), arrives at the Dutch Cape Colony on the ship De Voetboog, at what later becomes Cape Town, South Africa, along with two wives, two concubines and twelve children. Resettled by the colonial government at a farm in Zandvliet, the Sheikh introduces Islam to South Africa.source
  • 1722The first Silence Dogood letter, written by Benjamin Franklin, is printed.source
  • 1725J. S. Bach's cantata Bleib bei uns, denn es will Abend werden, BWV 6, is first performed in Leipzig on Easter Monday.source
  • 1743The Verendrye brothers bury a tablet claiming the Great Plains of North America for King Louis XV of France. A schoolgirl in Pierre, South Dakota, unearths the tablet 170 years later on February 16, 1913.source
  • 1744The first Rules of golf are drawn up at Leith, for the first golf competition.source
  • 1755A naval fleet, led by Commodore William James of the East India Company, captures Tulaji Angre's fortress Suvarnadurg from the Marathas.source
  • 1762The Chinaman Dronning Sophia Magdalena is launched at the Danish Asiatic Company's own shipyard in Copenhagen.source
  • 1762A powerful earthquake along the border between modern-day Bangladesh and Myanmar causes a tsunami in the Bay of Bengal that kills at least 200 people.source
  • 1767Suppression of the Jesuits begins, in the Spanish Empire and Kingdom of Naples.source
  • 1786The Creek Nation declares war on the U.S. State of Georgia over the matter of white settlers on land not ceded by the Nation. A truce is negotiated on April 17 between Creek Chief Alexander McGillivray (Hoboi-Hili-Miko) and U.S. Army General Lachlan McIntosh but is soon repudiated. Lucian Lamar Knight, Georgia's Landmarks, Memorials, and Legends (Byrd Printing, 1913) p476source
  • 1787A Charter of Justice is signed, providing the authority for the establishment of the first New South Wales (i.e. Australian) Courts of Criminal and Civil Jurisdiction.source
  • 1792The Coinage Act is passed, establishing the United States Mint.source
  • 1792The Coinage Act is passed establishing the United States Mint and the United States dollar.source
  • 1796The only night of the supposed Shakespearean play Vortigern and Rowena (actually written by William Henry Ireland) ends in the audience's laughter.source
  • 1800The Treaty of Constantinople establishes the Septinsular Republic, the first autonomous Greek state since the Fall of the Byzantine Empire.source
  • 1800Treaty of Constantinople (1800)source
  • 1800Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 1 premieres at the Burgtheater, in Vienna.source
  • 1800Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 1 premieres at the Burgtheater, in Vienna.source
  • 1801War of the Second Coalition: First Battle of Copenhagen – The British Royal Navy, under Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, forces the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy to accept an armistice. Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson leads the main attack, deliberately disregarding his commander's signal to withdraw. He is created a Viscount on May 19; Denmark-Norway is forced to withdraw from the Second League of Armed Neutrality.source
  • 1801War of the Second Coalition – First Battle of Copenhagen: The British Royal Navy, under Admiral Sir Hyde Parker, forces the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy to accept an armistice. Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson leads the main attack, deliberately disregarding his commander's signal to withdraw. He is created a Viscount on 19 May; Denmark-Norway is forced to withdraw from the Second League of Armed Neutrality.source
  • 1801Battle of Copenhagen in the War of the Second Coalition: The Royal Navy under Admiral Sir Hyde Parker forces the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy to accept an armistice. Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson leads the main attack, deliberately disregarding his commander's signal to withdraw.source
  • 1804Forty merchantmen are wrecked when a convoy led by British frigate HMS Apollo runs aground off Portugal with considerable loss of life.source
  • 1804Forty merchant vessels are wrecked when a convoy led by HMS Apollo runs aground off Portugal.source
  • 1807April 1–3 – Great Sortie of Stralsundsource
  • 1810Emperor Napoleon I of France marries Marie-Louise of Austria in person in Paris.source
  • 1816March 29–April 10 – The Second Bank of the United States obtains its charter.source
  • 1816March 30–April 11 – In Philadelphia, the African Methodist Episcopal Church is established by Richard Allen and other African-American Methodists, the first such denomination in the U.S. completely independent of White churches.source
  • 1824The British government buys John Julius Angerstein's art collection for £60,000 for the purpose of establishing a National Gallery in London which opens to the public in his former townhouse on 10 May.source
  • 1831HDMS Galathea is launched at Nyholm in Copenhagen.source
  • 1833Launch of HMS Royal William at Pembroke Dock. This is the first ship to be built there with over 100 guns.source
  • 1840The Washingtonian movement for teetotalism is founded by a group of alcoholics in Baltimore, Maryland.source
  • 1845The Wellington Independent publishes its first issue. The newspaper continues to publish bi-weekly or tri-weekly until 1874.source
  • 1849The German revolutions of 1848–49 end in failure, as King Frederick William IV of Prussia refuses to accept the offer of the Frankfurt National Assembly, to be crowned as German emperor.source
  • 1857April 1–8 – Reform War: Crabb Massacresource
  • 1860The first Italian Parliament meets at Turin.source
  • 1863Southern bread riots: In Richmond, Virginia, about 5,000 people, mostly poor women, riot to protest the exorbitant price of bread.source
  • 1868last public hanging of a woman in Britain – Frances Kidder outside Maidstone Prison by William Calcraft for drowning her stepdaughter.source
  • 1871census in the United Kingdom, the first to record economic and mental status.source
  • 1873The Pacific Scandal breaks out.source
  • 1885Frog Lake Massacre: Cree warriors led by Wandering Spirit kill 9 settlers at Frog Lake in the Northwest Territories.source
  • 1886Christian Halvorsen Svenkerud, politician (born 1798)source
  • 1890Kashihara Shrine, a landmark spot in Nara Prefecture, Japan, is officially built by Emperor Mutsuhito (Emperor of Meiji).source
  • 1899The Hamburg America Line cruise ship SS Graf Waldersee begins its maiden voyage.source
  • 1902The Electric Theatre, the first movie theater in the United States, opens in Los Angeles.source
  • 1905The Simplon Tunnel through the Alps is opened to railway traffic.source
  • 1911The national population census was taken.source
  • 1916A general election takes place.source
  • 1920The German army marches to the Ruhr to fight the Ruhr Red Army.source
  • 1922The founding of the agricultural settlement Giv'atayim by a group of 22 Second Aliyah pioneers led by David Schneiderman.source
  • 1922The founding of the agricultural settlement "Ahuza A – New York" (now Ra'anana), named after the founding company.source
  • 1933As a member of the English cricket team touring New Zealand, 1933, batsman Wally Hammond scores a record 336 runs in a test match at Eden Park, Auckland.source
  • 1933As a member of the English cricket team touring New Zealand, 1933, batsman Wally Hammond scores a record 336 runs in a test match at Eden Park, Auckland.source
  • 1942Olga Hankin (born 1852), Zionist activist and midwife.source
  • 1944Rouge military units rebelled against President Maximiliano Hernández Martínez.source
  • 1950Liaquat Ali Khan visits Delhi for meetings with Indian Prime Minister Nehru.source
  • 1950Drifting ice station North Pole-2 is established.source
  • 1954Pakistan forms an alliance with Turkey which, although not including military cooperation, opens the way to the Middle-East alliance due to its allowance of the entry of other nations.source
  • 1955Queen Sirikit gives birth to a third child and second daughter Sirindhorn.source
  • 19572 April and 3 April - The so-called "battle of Santiago" takes place. Due to the economic crisis in the country, protests took place that left more than 20 dead and serious clashes with the police. In the last hours of April 3, President Carlos Ibáñez del Campo is forced to declare a state of siege and take the army out into the streetssource
  • 1960In Yeşilhisar, because of the interference of ruling party partisans İsmet İnönü the leader of the opposition was not able to continue his election campaignsource
  • 1968Bombs explode at midnight in two department stores in Frankfurt-am-Main; Andreas Baader and Gudrun Ensslin are later arrested and sentenced for arson.source
  • 1972March 23–April 2 – A 47-member expedition conducted by Presidential Assistant for National Minorities (Panamin) which has been headed by Manuel Elizalde Jr., mostly scientists and later joined by one of the agency's directors—American Charles Lindbergh, makes a first visit to the caves inhabited by 25 "surviving" Tasadays, a group of Stone Age-style people discovered in June 1971, in an isolated mountain rainforest in South Cotabato—the "first discovery of cavemen in modern times." The expedition ends as explorers are rescued by the United States Armed Forces.source
  • 1972Eyal Berkovic, Israeli footballer.source
  • 1972The Singapore Grand Prix is won by Max Stewart.source
  • 1972Nibaldo Soto Alarcón, former foreman of the La Patagua estate, in Cauquenes, committed suicide upon learning that his land had been expropriated.source
  • 1972The opening of Museum of Darkhan-Uul Province in Darkhan City.source
  • 19751975 Balkans Cup: Albania is defeated by Greece 2-1 at Nea Smyrni Stadium, Athenssource
  • 1977Horse racing: Red Rum wins a record third Grand National at Aintree Racecourse in the UK.source
  • 1978Dallas debuts on CBS, and gives birth to the modern day primetime soap opera.source
  • 1979Sverdlovsk anthrax leak: A Soviet biowarfare laboratory at Sverdlovsk accidentally releases airborne anthrax spores, killing 66 plus an unknown amount of livestock. It is a violation of the Biological Weapons Convention of 1972.source
  • 1979In Japan, the channel of TV Asahi premieres Doraemon.source
  • 1980The St Pauls riot breaks out in Bristol.source
  • 1980Lubna Jaffery, politiciansource
  • 1981April 2–6. First council of Independent Students’ Association takes place in Kraków.source
  • 1982Rex Hunt, the British governor of the Falkland Islands, surrenders the islands to Argentine forces, leading to their occupation.source
  • 1982The Falklands War began with the 1982 invasion of the Falkland Islands.source
  • 1984Indian Squadron Leader Rakesh Sharma is launched into space, aboard the Soyuz T-11.source
  • 1984Squadron Leader Rakesh Sharma is launched into space, aboard the Soyuz T-11.source
  • 1985The NTUC Pasir Ris Resort starts construction. When completed, the resort will have a wide array of recreational activities, supporting up to 1,400 people at any time. The resort is officially opened in 1988.source
  • 1986A bomb explodes on a Trans World Airlines flight from Rome to Athens, killing 4 people.source
  • 19891989 Palestinian presidential election: The Central Council of the Palestine National Council, the governing body of the PLO, elects Yasser Arafat as President of Palestine.source
  • 1991Economy of the Soviet Union: Government-imposed price increases double or triple the cost of consumer goods in the Soviet Union.source
  • 1994The National Convention of New Sudan of the SPLA/M opens in Chukudum.source
  • 1999A rescue mission is launched in an attempt to locate two missing aid workers Peter Wallace and Steve Pratt who were working in Yugoslavia for CARE Australia amid the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia during the Kosovo War. Foreign Minister Alexander Downer confirms the two men had not been seen for four days and says there is suspicion that that the two men have been detained.source
  • 2002Siege of the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem: Israeli forces besiege the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem when militants take shelter there. The siege will last for 38 days.source
  • 2013The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Arms Trade Treaty to regulate the international trade of conventional weapons.source
  • 2016April 1–5 – 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes: Clashes occur along the Nagorno-Karabakh line of contact with the Artsakh Defense Army, backed by the Armenian Armed Forces, on one side and the Azerbaijani Armed Forces on the other. The US State Department estimates that a total of 350 people have been killed in the clashes, which have been defined as "the worst" since the 1994 ceasefire.source
  • 2019Abdelaziz Bouteflika resigns as President of Algeria amid widespread protests, after nearly two decades in office.source
  • 2021Russia warns NATO against sending any troops to aid Ukraine, amid reports of a large Russian military build-up on its borders.source
  • 20212021 Hualien train derailment: In Taiwan, a Taroko Express train collided with a truck that rolled down a slope and derailed, resulting in 49 deaths and 202 injuries.source
  • 2023The 2023 Bulgarian parliamentary election results in a GERB—SDS–PP–DB coalition government headed by Nikolai Denkov as prime minister.source
  • 2025April 2-3 – The Olympic Council of Asia (OCA)-Olympic Solidarity (OS) Regional Forum is held in Thimphu.source
  • 2025US President Donald Trump issues sweeping trade tariffs on many countries, including a 10% baseline tariff for all imports.source
  • 2025The United States imposes a 50% tariff on imports from Lesotho.source

Births

  • 181Xian of Han, Chinese emperor (died 234)source
  • 1473John Corvinus, Hungarian noble (died 1504)source
  • 1497Georg Giese, German merchant (died 1562)source
  • 1502Susanna of Bavaria, German noble of the House of Wittelsbach (died 1543)source
  • 1511Ashikaga Yoshiharu, Japanese shōgun (died 1550)source
  • 1545Elisabeth of Valois, queen of Philip II of Spain (died 1568)source
  • 1564William Bathe, Jesuit priest and linguist (died 1614)source
  • 1565Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (died 1599)source
  • 1586Pietro Della Valle, Italian composer (died 1652)source
  • 1602Mary of Jesus of Ágreda, Franciscan abbess and spiritual writer (died 1665)source
  • 1614Jahanara Begum, Mughal princess (died 1681)source
  • 1647Maria Sibylla Merian, German-born naturalist and scientific illustrator (died 1717)source
  • 1653Prince George of Denmark, consort of Anne, Queen of Great Britain (died 1708)source
  • 1653Prince George of Denmark, husband of Queen Anne (died 1708 in England)source
  • 1653Prince George of Denmark and Norway (d.1708)source
  • 1689Arthur Dobbs, Irish politician, governor of the Province of North Carolina (died 1765)source
  • 1725Giacomo Casanova, Italian adventurer, writer (died 1798)source
  • 1788Francisco Balagtas, Filipino poet (died 1862)source
  • 1792Francisco de Paula Santander, President of Colombia (died 1840)source
  • 1805Hans Christian Andersen, Danish writer (died 1875)source
  • 1827William Holman Hunt, British Pre-Raphaelite painter (died 1910)source
  • 1834Paškal Buconjić, Herzegovinian Catholic bishop (died 1910)source
  • 1840Émile Zola, French writer (died 1902)source
  • 1842Dominic Savio, Italian adolescent student of John Bosco (died 1857)source
  • 1939Marvin Gaye, American singer (died 1984)source
  • 1955Sirindhorn Thai Princesssource
  • 1959Alberto Fernández, President of Argentinasource

Deaths

  • 870Æbbe the Younger, Frankish abbesssource
  • 872Muflih al-Turki, Abbasid generalsource
  • 968Yuan Dezhao, Chinese chancellor (born 891)source
  • 991Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generalsource
  • 1075Al-Qa'im, Abbasid caliph in Baghdad (born 1001)source
  • 1081April 2/3 – Bolesław II the Bold (or "the Generous"), king of Poland (or 1082)source
  • 1082April 2/3 (or 1081) – Bolesław II the Bold, king of Polandsource
  • 1118Baldwin I (of Boulogne), king of Jerusalemsource
  • 1209Elisabeth of Greater Poland, Duchess of Bohemia, Polish princess (born 1152)source
  • 1244Henrik Harpestræng, Danish physician and writersource
  • 1272Richard of Cornwall, English nobleman and titular king of Germany (born 1209)source
  • 1279Abel Abelsøn, Danish nobleman and landowner (born 1252)source
  • 1305Joan I of Navarre, French queen consort and regent (born 1273)source
  • 1335Duke Henry of Carinthiasource
  • 1412Ruy Gonzáles de Clavijo, Castilian traveller and writersource
  • 1416King Ferdinand I of Aragon (born 1379)source
  • 1440Giovanni Vitelleschi, Italian Roman Catholic bishop and soldiersource
  • 1502Arthur, Prince of Wales, the 15-year-old Duke of Cornwall and Earl of Chester, heir to the English throne as eldest son of King Henry VII, dies after a long illness less than five months after marrying Catherine of Aragon. Arthur's 10-year-old brother, Henry, Duke of York, becomes the new heir to the throne and will later succeed his father as King Henry VIII.source
  • 1502Arthur, Prince of Wales, English prince, eldest son of Henry VII of England (born 1486)source
  • 1507Francis of Paola, Italian founder of the Order of the Minims (born 1416)source
  • 1511Bernard VII, Lord of Lippe, German nobleman (born 1428)source
  • 1525April 2 or April 3 – Giovanni di Bernardo Rucellai, Italian Renaissance man of letters (born 1475)source
  • 1567Ernest III, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (born 1518)source
  • 1613Henry Ussher, Church of Ireland Archbishop of Armagh (born c.1550)source
  • 1614Henri de Montmorency, 3rd Duke of Montmorency, Marshal of France (born 1534)source
  • 1634Maria Celeste, Italian nun, daughter of Galileo Galilei (born 1600)source
  • 1640Paul Fleming, German physician and poet (born 1609)source
  • 1657Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1608)source
  • 1657Jean-Jacques Olier, French Catholic priest (born 1608)source
  • 1657Ferdinand III (born 1608), Holy Roman Emperorsource
  • 1672Diego Luis de San Vitores, Spanish Jesuit missionary to Guam (born 1627)source
  • 1672Pedro Calungsod, Filipino saint (born 1654)source
  • 1709Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Italian artist working in the High Baroque and early Rococo periods (born 1639)source
  • 1720Joseph Dudley, colonial Governor of Massachusetts (born 1647)source
  • 1761William Sawyer, English cricketer (born 1712)source
  • 1787Thomas Gage, British general (born 1719)source
  • 1791Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, French revolutionary leader (born 1749)source
  • 1825Pedro Antonio Olañeta, Spanish Royalist general (born 1774)source
  • 1865A. P. Hill, American Confederate general (born 1825)source
  • 1872Samuel Morse, American inventor (born 1791)source
  • 1873Malek Jahan Khanom, Regent of Persia, Qajar queen mother and princess.source
  • 1933Ranjitsinhji, Indian cricketer and ruler of Nawanagar. (born 1872)source
  • 1953Hugo Sperrle, German field marshal (born 1885)source
  • 2005Pope John Paul II dies; over four million people travel to the Vatican to mourn him. Pope Benedict XVI succeeds him on April 19, becoming the 265th pope.source
  • 2005Pope John Paul II, 84, Polish Roman Catholic prelate, pope (since 1978), archbishop of Kraków (1964–1978), septic shock and cardio-circulatory collapse.source
  • 2015148 people are killed, the majority students, in a mass shooting at the Garissa University College in Kenya, perpetrated by the militant terrorist organization al-Shabaab.source