July 7 in history

208 sourced entries recorded on July 7, from 368 CE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

424(Jing'ping era, 2nd year, 5th month (wǔyuè), the yi'you day) Emperor Shao of the Liu Song dynasty of China, is deposed by government ministers Xu Xianzhi and Fu Liang, who install his younger brother Prince Liu Yilong as the new Emperor.source
756An Lushan crushes the Tang troops at the Tong Pass, leaving the road to the capital wide open.source
1174Henry II does penance at Canterbury for the murder of Thomas Becket (see 1170), even though indirect. He is whipped by the monks as punishment.source
1289Battle of Copenhagen: A Norwegian expeditionary force under King Eric II, supported by Danish outlaws, sets sail to Copenhagen and attacks the city. But they are repelled and forced to withdraw to Zealand.source
1333The reign of Emperor Kōgon of Japan, first of the Northern Court (Ashikaga) Pretenders, ends.source
1345Battle of Peritheorion: the forces of Momchil, autonomous ruler of the Rhodope, are defeated by the Turkish allies of John VI Kantakouzenos.source
1400Sir John Swinton, an envoy of King Robert III of Scotland, crosses the border into England along with 20 knights, after being given a writ of safe conduct by King Henry IV to allow their travel to negotiate during the standoff between the two British kingdoms between phases of the Hundred Years' War.source
1426Battle of Khirokitia: King Janus of Cyprus is defeated by Egyptian troops under Ibn bint al-Aqsarayi and captured by the Mamluks and brought to Egypt, where he is ransomed after ten months.source
1438Charles VII of France issues the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, giving the French church control over the appointment of bishops, and depriving the Pope of French ecclesiastical revenues.source
1438Charles VII issues the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges which regulates the relationship between France and the Papacy.source
1445The Battle of Suzdal takes place 120 mi from Moscow when Ulugh Muhammad of the Khanate of Kazan attacks Nizhny Novgorod, part of the Grand Principality of Moscow. The Grand Prince Vasily II of Moscow is captured in battle as a prisoner of war and held for ransom until the payment of 200,000 rubles is completed in November.source
1450The surviving rebels who had participated in Jack Cade's rebellion in England are pardoned by King Henry VI. Cade himself, who had adoped the alias "John Mortimer", is pardoned under that name until his identity is discovered. Cade himself is killed by Alexander Iden on July 12, after resisting arrest for treason. His corpse is given a mock trial at Newgate Prison and the body beheaded, then dragged through the streets of London and quartered, with the limbs being sent throughout the county of Kent, where the rebellion had started.source
1456A Retrial of Joan of Arc overturns her original convictionsource
1456A retrial of Joan of Arc acquits her of heresy, 25 years after her execution.source
1462In his campaign against the Ottomans in western Macedonia, at the Second Battle of Mokra, Skanderbeg surprises Ottoman troops near Mokra, orders his men to scare the enemy with drums and battlehorns, and then leads a successful attack, killing many of the Ottoman soldiers.source
1495With Charles VIII forced to retreat from Naples, Ferdinand II returns to the throne as the Neapolitan King.source
1504At the age of 16, Lê Túc Tông becomes the new Emperor of Vietnam (Dai Viet) after the death of his father, Lê Hiến Tông, but serves for only six months before dying.source
1520Otumba near Lake Texcaco: The Spaniards defeat the Aztecs.source
1530King Francis I marries his second wife Eleanor of Austria at the Monastery of Beyries. Making him and his former enemy, Holy roman emperor Charles V brothers in law.source
1534The first known exchange between Europeans and the natives of the Gulf of St. Lawrence occurs in what is now New Brunswick.source
1540Spanish conquistador Francisco Vázquez de Coronado captures Hawikuh in modern-day New Mexico, at this time known as part of Cíbola, but fails to find the legendary gold.source
1541(Tenbun 10, 14th day of the 6th month) Takeda Shingen becomes head of Japan's powerful Takeda clan of samurais that rules the Kai Province, overthrowing and banishing his father, Takeda Nobutora. Nobutora is exiled to Suruga Province for the next 32 years.source
1548A marriage treaty is signed between Scotland and France, whereby five-year-old Mary, Queen of Scots, is betrothed to the future King Francis II of France.source
1548A marriage treaty is signed between Scotland and France, whereby 5-year-old Mary, Queen of Scots, is betrothed to the future King Francis II of France.source
1551The fifth, and final outbreak of sweating sickness in England reaches London, as documented by Henry Machyn in his diary, and continues until July 19. Machyn notes that "ther ded from the vii day of July unto the xix ded of the swett in London of all dyssesus viij/c, iij/xx and xij and no more in alle, and so the chanseller is sertefiyd." ("There died from the 7th day of July unto the 19th dead of the sweat in London of all diseases 8 hundred, 3 score and 12 [i.e., 872], and no more in all, and so the Chancellor is certified.") John Caius of Shrewsbury writes the first full contemporary account of the symptoms of the disease.source
1565Action of 7 July 1565source
1575Raid of the Redeswire: Sir John Carmichael defeats Sir John Forster, in the last battle between England and Scotland.source
1575Raid of the Redeswire, near Carter Bar, a border incident.source
1585The Treaty of Nemours forces King Henry III of France to capitulate to the demands of the Catholic League, triggering the Eighth War of Religion (also known as the War of the Three Henrys) in France.source
1585The Treaty of Nemours is signed, which forces Henry III of France to capitulate to the demands of the Catholic League (founded 1576) which triggers the Eighth War of Religion.source
1602The German duchy of Saxe-Altenburg, with a capital at Altenburg, is created as a separate duchy as a gift to Johann Philipp, the eldest son of his father Johann II, Duke of Saxe-Weimar.source
1604On 11 Safar 1013 AH in the Islamic calendar, the decree of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed I is read aloud in the Great Mosque of Mecca, declaring that Idris ibn Hasan has been proclaimed the new Sharif of Mecca, in partnership with Idris's brother Fuhayd ibn Hasan and Idris and Fuhayd's nephew, Muhsin ibn Husaynsource
1604King James angrily dismisses the English parliament after failing to get full financial subsidies. He tells the members in his closing speech, "I am not of such a stock as to praise fools."source
1615In Japan, the Buke shohatto, a 19-section law setting a standard of conduct for individual warlords (daimyo) and their responsibilities to the Tokugawa shogunate, is proclaimed by the shogun Tokugawa Hidetada before the assembled daimyo at Fushimi Castle in Kyoto.source
1627July 5–13 – Turkish Abductions: Barbary corsairs from Algiers raid the East Fjords of Iceland and take captives into slavery.source
1633the Dutch East India Company fleet, led by Hans Putmans, attacks its ally Zheng Zhilong's base by surprise, near Xiamen.source
1646The populist political movement called the Levellers appears in England with the publication of the Levellers manifesto, A Remonstrance of Many Thousand Citizens by Richard Overton and William Walwyn.source
1646Levellers William Walwyn and Richard Overton publish Remonstrance of Many Thousand Citizens calling for the abolition of the monarchy.source
1647Masaniello launches rebellion in Naples against Spanish rule.source
1653Council of Guelders prohibits gypsies and vagrants from congregating around the pilgrimage site Kevelaersource
1665King Charles II of England leaves London with his entourage, fleeing the Great Plague. He moves his court to Salisbury, then Oxford.source
1665the King and court leave London to avoid the plague, moving first to Salisbury, then (from 25 September) Oxford.source
1668Bishop Isaac Barrow founds the Bishop Barrow Trust with the intention of establishing a university on the Isle of Man; this becomes King William's College.source
1674The Messina revolt against Spanish rule begins on the island of Sicily as the Italian residents besiege the palace of the Spanish Captain-General and drive out the Spanish garrison.source
1698The English House of Commons is dissolved and new elections are held between July 19 and August 10 for a parliament to be summoned on August 24.source
1713Handel's "Utrecht Te Deum and Jubilate" is performed at a service in St Paul's Cathedral to commemorate the Peace of Utrechtsource
1740Adam Smith sets out from Scotland to take up a scholarship at Balliol College, Oxford.source
1740Adam Smith sets out from Scotland to take up a scholarship at Balliol College, Oxford.source
1742War of Jenkins' Ear: Battle of Bloody Marsh – British troops repel those of Spain (under Montiano), in the Province of Georgia.source
1742War of Jenkins' Ear: British troops defeat those of Spain in the Battle of Bloody Marsh in the Province of Georgia.source
1753The Parliament of Great Britain's Jewish Naturalization Act receives royal assent, allowing naturalization to Jews; it is repealed in 1754.source
1753Parliament's Jewish Naturalization Act, a measure to end discrimination against Jews, receives royal assent, but widespread opposition leads to its repeal in 1754.source
1763The British East India Company declares Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal, to be deposed.source
1763the British East India Company declare Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal, to be deposed.source
1770Battle of Larga; Russians defeat the Crimeans and Ottomans on the banks of the Larga Riversource
1777American Revolutionary War – Battle of Hubbardton: British forces capture over 200 of the American rearguard, from Fort Ticonderoga.source
1798Quasi-War: The United States Congress rescinds treaties with France, sparking the war.source
1798The United States Congress rescinds treaties with France, sparking the Quasi-War.source
1798In the action of USS Delaware vs La Croyable, the newly-formed United States Navy makes its first capture.source
1801Toussaint Louverture promulgates a reforming constitution for Santo Domingo, declaring himself emperor for life of the entire island of Hispaniola, and nominally abolishing slavery.source
1806Cornerstone laid for America's First Cathedral, now known as the Baltimore Basilica. Architect: Benjamin Latrobe.source
1806Start of the first Gentlemen v Players cricket match (discontinued in 1963).source
1807July 7–9 – The Treaties of Tilsit are signed between France, Prussia and Russia. Napoleon and Russian Emperor Alexander I ally together against the British. The Prussians are forced to cede more than half their territory, which is formed into the Duchy of Warsaw in their former Polish lands, and the Kingdom of Westphalia in western Germany. The Free City of Danzig is also formed (established July 21 by Napoleon).source
1807July 7 and 9: Treaties of Tilsit end warsource
1814Walter Scott's Waverley, his first prose fiction and one of the first significant historical novels in English, is published anonymously by Archibald Constable in Edinburgh, selling out in two days.source
1814Walter Scott's Waverley, his first prose fiction and one of the first significant historical novels in English, set during the Jacobite rising of 1745, is published anonymously by Archibald Constable in Edinburgh, selling out in two days.source
1822July 1822 Spanish coup d'état, an attempt by supporters of Ferdinand VII to overthrow the Liberal government of Spain, fails.source
1834July 7–10 – Anti-abolitionist riots break out in New York City.source
1846Mexican–American War: Battle of Monterey – Acting on instructions from Washington, D.C., Commodore John Drake Sloat orders his troops to occupy Monterey and Yerba Buena, thus beginning the United States annexation of California.source
1846Acting on instructions from Washington, DC, Commodore John Drake Sloat orders his troops to occupy Monterey and Yerba Buena, thus beginning the United States annexation of California.source
1851News of the discovery of gold at Clunes, Victoria is published in the Geelong Advertiser.source
1854The Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company is established as the first cotton mill in India by Cowasjee Nanabhoy Davar and associates.source
1862Parliament meets in Wellington for the first time. (see also 1863; 1865)source
1865Following Abraham Lincoln's assassination on April 14, the four conspirators condemned to death during the trial are hanged, including David Herold, George Atzerodt, Lewis Powell and Mary Surratt. Her son, John Surratt, escapes execution by fleeing to Canada, and ultimately to Egypt.source
1875July 1–7 – Third Carlist War: Battle of Treviño – Advancing on the key city of Vitoria, in Navarre, Spanish Republican commander General Jenardo de Quesada sends General Tello to attack the Carlist lines just to the southwest, at Treviño. The newly appointed Carlist commander General José Pérula is heavily defeated and withdraws, and soon afterwards Quesada enters Vitoria in triumph.source
1881The first episode of Carlo Collodi's The Adventures of Pinocchio is published in Italy.source
1884Nagasaki Shipyard, predecessor of the Japanese aircraft and shipbuilding business Mitsubishi, is founded on the island of Kyushu.source
1889Great Bakersfield Fire of 1889 devastates Bakersfield, California, destroying 196 buildings and killing one person.source
1891The Home Alliance was established in Woodland, California where, initially, it was the only publication in the state that fought the legalized liquor traffic.source
1894June 28 – July 9 – Colonial Conference of 1894 held in Ottawa.source
1899The Great Lakes Towing Company is incorporated by John D. Rockefeller and William G. Mather to acquire more than 150 tugboats to control shipping in four of the North American Great Lakes and quickly builds a monopoly on Great Lakes traffic.source
1903Britain take over the Fulani Empire.source
1903Momijigari, the oldest extant Japanese film, premiers. It runs until August 1.source
1909Arne Larsen, cross-country skiersource
1914Austria-Hungary convenes a Council of Ministers, including Ministers for Foreign Affairs and War, the Chief of the General Staff, and Naval Commander-in-Chief; the Council lasts from 11:30 am until 6:15 pm.source
1915June 23 – July 7 – The First Battle of the Isonzo between the Armies of Italy and Austria-Hungary on the Italian Front in World War I. The aim of the Italian Army, under the command of Luigi Cadorna, was to drive the Austrians away from its defensive positions along the Soča (Isonzo) and on the nearby mountains.source
1915An overloaded International Railway (New York–Ontario) trolleycar with 157 passengers crashes near Queenston, Ontario, resulting in 15 deaths.source
1916July 1–12 – Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916: At least one shark attacks 5 swimmers along 80 mi of New Jersey coastline, resulting in 4 deaths and the survival of one youth, who requires limb amputation. This event is the inspiration for author Peter Benchley, over half a century later, to write Jaws.source
1916July 1–12 – At least one shark mauls five swimmers along 80 mi of New Jersey coastline during the Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916, resulting in four deaths and the survival of one youth who required limb amputation. This event is the inspiration for author Peter Benchley, over half a century later, to write Jaws.source
1917The Lions Clubs International is formed in the United States.source
1919The United States Army sends a convoy across the continental U.S., starting in Washington, D.C., to assess the possibility of crossing North America by road. This crossing takes many months to complete, because the building of the U.S. Highway System has not commenced.source
1925the original Kelvin Hall in Glasgow is destroyed by fire.source
1928The first machine-sliced and machine-wrapped loaf of bread is sold in Chillicothe, Missouri, United States, using Otto Frederick Rohwedder's technology.source
1930July 3–10 – The First Eastern Women's Congress takes place in Damascus in Syria.source
1930The far-right Lapua Movement marches in Helsinki, Finland.source
1930Building of the Boulder Dam (later known as the Hoover Dam) is started on the Colorado River, in the United States.source
1932French submarine Prométhée sinks with the loss of 62 of 69 onboard on trial out of Cherbourg in the English Channel.source
1932French submarine Prométhée sinks off Cherbourg - 66 dead.source
1935July 6-7. Polish Track and Field Championships take placesource
1937The Peel Commission proposes partition of the British Mandate of Palestine into separate Arab and Jewish states.source
1937The Peel Commission publishes a report that recommends the end of the Palestine mandate and its partition into separate Arab and Jewish states.source
1937In the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Japanese and Chinese forces exchange fire near Beijing, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War.source
1937July 7–9 — Marco Polo Bridge Incidentsource
1944Holocaust: Hungarian Regent Horthy orders Jewish transports to Auschwitz halted; 437,000 Jews have already been deported, mostly to their deaths.source
1950Kinkaku-ji in Kyoto is burned to the ground by a 22-year-old novice monk.source
19531953 Menzengraben mining accidentsource
1955The New Zealand Special Air Service is formed.source
1959At 14:28 UT Venus occults the star Regulus. The rare event (which will next occur on October 1, 2044) is used to determine the diameter of Venus and the structure of Venus' atmosphere.source
1961The establishment of Taipei Broadcasting Station.source
1961A coal mine in Czechoslovakia has one of its sections closed off in order to extinguish a fire and prevent an explosion, causing the suffocation of 108 miners still present.source
1963Double Seven Day scuffle: Secret police loyal to Ngô Đình Nhu, brother of President Ngô Đình Diệm, attack American journalists including Peter Arnett and David Halberstam at a demonstration during the Buddhist crisis in South Vietnam.source
1969French is made equal to English throughout the Canadian national government.source
1974West Germany beats the Netherlands 2–1 to win the 1974 FIFA World Cup. The West German football team is awarded the new FIFA World Cup Trophy.source
1974The first colour TV programme is broadcast during the 1974 FIFA World Cup Final.source
1976David Steel becomes leader of the UK's Liberal Party in the aftermath of the scandal which forced out Jeremy Thorpe.source
1977The 25th anniversary of Federal Land Development Authority (FELDA) was celebrated.source
1981United States President Ronald Reagan nominates the first woman, Sandra Day O'Connor, to the Supreme Court of the United States.source
1983Ten-year-old American girl Samantha Smith accepts her invitation from Soviet Premier Yuri Andropov and begins her visit to the USSR with her parents.source
1985The Israeli government orders the Austrian Pilgrim Hospice to the Holy Family in the Old City of Jerusalem permanently closed, saying that the hospital's facilities were unable to provide adequate medical care. The closure proves controversial, leading to a general strike by Palestinians in East Jerusalem.source
1990July 7–8 – In tennis, Martina Navratilova of the United States wins the 1990 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles and Stefan Edberg of Sweden wins the 1990 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles.source
1993July 7–9 – The 19th G7 summit is held in Tokyo, Japan.source
1993Hurricane Calvin lands in Mexico. It is the second Pacific hurricane on record to land in Mexico in July and kills 34.source
19941994 civil war in Yemen: Aden is occupied by troops from North Yemen.source
1999In Rome, Hicham El Guerrouj runs the fastest mile ever recorded, at 3:43.13.source
20012001 Bradford riots: Ethnic violence is provoked in Bradford, England, by the far-right National Front and far-left Anti-Nazi League.source
2003NASA launches the Opportunity rover.source
2005Four coordinated suicide bombings hit central London, killing 52 people and injuring over 700.source
2007Live Earth Concerts are held in nine major cities around the world to raise environmental awareness.source
2008Vice-Chancellor, Finance Minister and Chair of the Austrian People's Party Wilhelm Molterer resigns from the governing grand coalition (led by the Social Democratic Party of Austria) and calls for re-elections.source
2009A public memorial service for Michael Jackson is held at Staples Center. It is watched by over 2.5 billion people worldwide.source
2015July 5–13 – Greek government-debt crisis: After six months of clashes and futile negotiations between Greece's newly elected, leftist government and the country's creditors, over the austerity measures imposed through bailout programmes, tension peaks as Greece votes in a referendum to reject the terms offered in a third programme; however, the government eventually proceeds to concur to harsher terms than those offered before, in what was widely characterized as a coup on the creditors' part.source
2017The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons is voted for by 122 states.source
2017ISIL affiliated insurgents attacked an Egyptian military checkpoint in Northern Sinai's Rafah which resulted in the deaths of 26 Egyptian personnel including colonel Ahmed Mansi and 44 other insurgents.source
20182018 Japan floods, a torrential heavy massive rain, flash flood, landslide hit in Hiroshima, Kurashiki and Ehime Prefecture, Japan. According to Japanese government official confirmed report, 232 people were killed and 459 injured.source
2020Protests begin throughout Bulgaria with the goal of removing Borisov's cabinet and Chief Prosecutor Ivan Geshev from office.source
2020COVID-19 pandemic: Thousands of people rally outside the House of the National Assembly of Serbia in Belgrade in response to stricter lockdown measures proposed by President Aleksandar Vučić following an increase of cases in the city.source
2021Assassination of Jovenel Moïse: Haitian President Jovenel Moïse is shot to death by unidentified gunmen at 1:00 am local time in his home. First Lady Martine Moïse is injured and hospitalized.source
2022After revelations over his appointment of Chris Pincher as Deputy Chief Whip triggered a series of resignations from his government, UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson announces his intention to resign, triggering the July–September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election.source
2022July 7 – July 17 – The 2022 World Games is held in Birmingham, Alabama, United States.source
20242024 French legislative election: The left-wing New Popular Front wins the most seats in the National Assembly, upsetting a first-round victory by the far-right National Rally, but fails to achieve a majority.source

Births

611Eudoxia Epiphania, daughter of Byzantine emperor Heracliussource
1053Shirakawa, emperor of Japan (died 1129)source
1119Sutoku, Japanese emperor (died 1164)source
1207Elizabeth of Hungary, Hungarian princess (died 1231)source
1237Ibn Abd al-Malik, Almohad historian (died 1303)source
1448Nicholas I, Duke of Lorraine (died 1473)source
1482Andrzej Krzycki, Polish archbishop (died 1537)source
1528Archduchess Anna of Austria, Duchess of Bavaria (died 1590)source
1540John Sigismund Zápolya, King of Hungary (died 1571)source
1586Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel, English courtier (died 1646)source
1588Wolrad IV, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1588–1640) (died 1640)source
1616July 7 (bapt.) – John Leverett, Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (died 1679)source
1655Axel Juel, governor of Danish India (died 1720)source
1656Guru Har Krishan, 8th Guru of Sikhism (died 1664)source
1794Frances Stackhouse Acton, British botanist, archaeologist, writer and artist (died 1881)source
1833Félicien Rops, Belgian artist (died 1898)source
1860Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (died 1911)source
1887Marc Chagall, Russian-born French painter (died 1985)source
1901Eiji Tsuburaya, Japanese film director and special effects designer (died 1970)source
1906Satchel Paige, American baseball player (died 1982)source
1907Robert A. Heinlein, American science fiction author (died 1988)source
1940Sir Ringo Starr, English musician, singer, songwriter and actor (The Beatles)source
1974Jennifer Jones, Canadian curlersource

Deaths

368Maternien, Christian bishop and saintsource
984Crescentius the Elder, Roman politician and aristocratsource
1018Gerberga of Burgundy, duchess of Swabiasource
1021Fujiwara no Akimitsu, Japanese bureaucrat (born 944)source
1059Abdallah ibn Yasin, Almoravid rulersource
1162Norwegian forces supporting 6-year-old Magnus V (Erlingsson) defeat the 15-year-old King Haakon II (Sigurdsson), who is killed in battle in Romsdal after a 5-year reign.source
1162Haakon II (Sigurdsson), king of Norway (born 1147)source
1191Judith of Hohenstaufen, German noblewomansource
1198George II (Xiphilinos), patriarch of Constantinoplesource
1202Roger de Beaumont, English chancellor and bishop in Scotlandsource
1221Peter of Cornwall, English priest and writer (born 1140)source
1223Ibn Qudamah, Umayyad theologian (born 1147)source
1268Reniero Zeno, Doge of Venicesource
1269Saionji Saneuji, Japanese poet and writer (born 1194)source
1304Benedict XI, pope of the Catholic Church (born 1240)source
1304Pope Benedict XI dies after an 8-month pontificate in Perugia.source
1307Edward I ("Longshanks"), king of England (born 1239)source
1307King Edward I of England, known as Edward Longshanks, dies at Burgh by Sands after a 34-year reign. He is succeeded by his son 23-year-old Edward II, who becomes new ruler of England. After his death Edward's body is embalmed and transported to Waltham Abbey in Essex. Here it lay unburied for several weeks so that people can come and see the body lying in state. After this, Edward is taken to Westminster Abbey for a proper burial on October 28.source
1345Momchil, semi-independent brigand ruler in the Rhodope Mountains (killed in battle)source
1383James of Baux, ruler of Taranto and Achaea, and last titular Latin Emperor, dies childless. As a result, Charles III of Naples becomes ruler of Achaea (modern-day southern Greece); Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, the widower of Joanna I of Naples, becomes ruler of Taranto (eastern Italy); and Louis I, Duke of Anjou inherits the claim to the Latin Empire (western Turkey), but never uses the title of Emperor.source
1383July 7 James of Baux, titular Latin Emperorsource
1387A Mongol Army unit, led by Naghachu, ambushes and massacres a Chinese Army division led by Chen Yong (陳鏞), Marquis of Linjiang, who is killed in the attack.source
1448Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Calabria (born 1428)source
1523Wijerd Jelckama, a Frisian warlord and military commander, is executed in Leeuwarden, ending the Frisian rebellion fought by the Arumer Black Heap.source
1531Tilman Riemenschneider, German sculptor (born 1460)source
1537Madeleine of Valois, queen of James V of Scotland (born 1520)source
1537Madeleine of Valois, Daughter of King Francis I and Queen of Scotland (b.1520)source
1537Madeleine of Valois, queen consort of James V, dies at Holyrood Palace.source
1572King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland (born 1520)source
1573Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola, Italian architect (born 1507)source
1607Penelope Blount, Countess of Devonshire, English noblewoman (born 1563)source
1647Thomas Hooker, Connecticut colonist (born 1586)source
1650Falk Lykke, nobleman (born 1583)source
1651Dina Vinhofvers, silk worker and accuser of Corfitz Ulfeldt (born 1620)source
1701William Stoughton, American judge at the Salem witch trials (born 1631)source
1730Olivier Levasseur, French piratesource
1758Marthanda Varma, Rani of Attingal (born 1706)source
1764William Pulteney, 1st Earl of Bath, English politician (born 1683)source
1816Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Irish-born playwright and politician (born 1751)source
1847Thomas Carpenter, American glassmaker (born 1752)source
1915Sinhalese militia captain Henry Pedris is executed in British Ceylon for inciting race riots, a charge later proved false; he becomes a hero of the Sri Lankan independence movement.source
1930Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, British fiction writer (Sherlock Holmes) (born 1859)source
1933Mykola Skrypnyk, Ukrainian communist leadersource
1942Refik Saydam (born in 1881), prime minister on dutysource
2025July 4–7 – At least 135 people are killed and over a hundred reported missing during a flood in Central Texas, United States.source