/year

April 18 in history

231 sourced entries recorded on April 18, from 44 BCE to 2022 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 44 BCEApril 18–April 21 – Octavian engages in a charm offensive with consular Cicero who is fulminating against Mark Antony.source
  • 309Eusebius succeeds Marcellus I as the 31st pope, but is himself banished on August 17 to Sicily (these events may have also taken place in 310).source
  • 1025Bolesław I the Brave is crowned in Gniezno as the first King of Poland. He takes advantage of the interregnum in Germany (see 1024) and receives permission for his coronation from Pope John XIX; however, he dies 60 days later.source
  • 1123King Baldwin II of Jerusalem is captured by Turkish forces under Belek Ghazi – while preparing to practice falconry near Gargar on the Euphrates. Most of the Crusader army is massacred, and Baldwin is taken to the castle at Kharput. To save the situation the Venetians are asked to help. Doge Domenico Michiel lifts the siege of Corfu (see 1122) and takes his fleet to Acre, arriving at the port in the end of May.source
  • 1154Nur al-Din, Seljuk ruler (atabeg) of Aleppo, encamps before Damascus and overthrows Mujir al-Din by force with support of the Jewish citizens, who open the eastern gate to the bulk of his army. Mujir flees to the citadel, but capitulates after only a few hours. He is offered his life and the Emirate of Homs. A few weeks later Mujir is suspected of plotting with old friends in Damascus and is exiled to Baghdad. Damascus is annexed to Zangid territory and all of Syria is unified under the authority of Nur al-Din, from Edessa in the north to the Hauran to the south.source
  • 1155Siege of Tortona: German forces capture the citadel of Tortona (after a two-month siege). The city is razed to the ground, including the graves.source
  • 1264April 17–19 – English rebels under Simon de Montfort beset Rochester from two directions in a pincer movement from north and south. The garrison sortie burns the suburbs to deprive the rebels of cover. Initial assaults on the bridge the next morning are repulsed by Roger de Leybourne. In the evening, however, supported by archers shooting across the river, Simon launches an amphibious assault, wind and current carrying his fireship across to set fire to the bridge defenses. The rebels capture the castle's outer bailey and the garrison retires inside the keep on April 19. Meanwhile, rebels under Gilbert de Clare ("the Red Earl") occupy the cathedral. The siege then boggs down, Simon receives reports of a relief force and orders to withdraw on April 26.source
  • 1336April 18 (unconfirmed) – Brothers Harihara and Bukka Raya found the Vijayanagara Empire on the southern part of the Deccan Plateau in South India.source
  • 1355In Venice, the Council of Ten beheads Doge Marin Falier, for conspiring to kill them.source
  • 1378The coronation of Pope Urban VI takes place in Rome on Easter Sunday.source
  • 1417Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg, is appointed to an additional position as Archchamberlain of the Holy Roman Empire.source
  • 1429(1st waning of Kason 791 ME) In what is now Myanmar, Min Saw Mun is restored as King of Arakan at the capital, Launggyet, with the help of troops from the Bengal Sultanate and from Afghan mercenaries. He then moves the capital to the city of Mrauk U.source
  • 1444In Sicily, the University of Catania receives papal recognition from Pope Eugene IV, ten years after its founding on October 19, 1434.source
  • 1453Ottoman forces, led by Sultan Mehmed II, launch their first assault against Constantinople.source
  • 1497Captain Andrea Loredan of the Republic of Venice departs southward on the Adriatic Sea on a large, heavily-armed warship with a crew of 450, with a mission of locating the Spanish Navarrese pirate Pedro Navarro.source
  • 1506Pope Julius II lays the foundation stone of the new (current) St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, replacing the Old St. Peter's Basilica.source
  • 1518The widowed Sigismund I the Old, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, marries Milanese noblewoman Bona Sforza in Wawel Cathedral and she is crowned as Queen consort of Poland.source
  • 1521April 16–18 – Martin Luther is examined before Emperor Charles V and the Diet of Worms, where he refuses to recant his writings and allegedly proclaims, "Here I stand", regarding his belief in the Bible alone, as the standard of Christian doctrine.source
  • 1537Diego de Almagro successfully charges Manco Inca's siege of Cuzco, thereby saving his antagonists, the Pizarro brothers.source
  • 1546Hermann of Wied, the German Archbishop of Cologne, is excommunicated by Pope Paul III after his conversion to Protestantism.source
  • 1552King Henry II of France enters the city of Metz, ceded to France by Saxony by the January 15 Treaty of Chambord.source
  • 1575Bayinnaung, King of Burma, returns to his capital at Pegu from Vientiane after installing Voravongsa I as the Burmese-appointed monarch of the Kingdom of Lan Xang (now Laos).source
  • 1593Anglo-Spanish War: Naval Battle of Blaye in the Gironde estuary sees a Spanish victory over the blockading English fleet, allowing the Spanish to relieve the French Catholic garrison of Blaye.source
  • 1593Anglo-Spanish War: The Naval Battle of Blaye in the Gironde estuary sees a Spanish victory over the blockading English fleet, allowing the Spanish to relieve the French Catholic garrison of Blaye.source
  • 1604Maurice of Nassau assembles a combined army of 7,000 Dutch and 4,000 English soldiers to make an attack on the Spanish Netherlands (now Belgium).source
  • 1615the "Native's Rebellion": Arthur Chichester, 1st Baron Chichester, Lord Deputy of Ireland, informs the Privy Council of England of a plot by Hugh McShane O'Neill, Brian Crossagh, Rory O'Cahan and Alexander McDonald to massacre Ulster planters and of the arrest of many conspirators.source
  • 1619Battle of Sarhu: Manchu leader Nurhaci is victorious over the Ming forces.source
  • 1622Oliver St John surrenders the office of Lord Deputy of Ireland. He had served since 1616.source
  • 1635the Parliament of Ireland passes an act requiring ale sellers to be licensed by magistrates; "An Act against Plowing by the Tayle, and pulling the Wooll off living Sheep"; and an act providing for the erection of houses of correction.source
  • 1638flogging of John Lilburne for refusing to swear an oath when brought before the court of Star Chamber for distributing Puritan publications.source
  • 1644Opchanacanough leads the Powhatan Indians in an unsuccessful uprising against the English at Jamestown. Although 300 of the English colonists are slain, the settlers pursue Opchanacanough, who is imprisoned in Jamestown for the rest of his life. This is the last such Indian rebellion in the region.source
  • 1653London–York stagecoach first recorded.source
  • 1659Cromwell dissolves the Council of Officers and orders its members to leave London.source
  • 1670King Christian V of Denmark fires Christoffer Gabel, who had been the corrupt chief adviser to King Frederick III, and replaces him with Peder Griffenfeld.source
  • 1688April 18 (Julian calendar) – The Germantown Quaker Protest Against Slavery is drafted by four Germantown Quakers.source
  • 1689The Siege of Derry begins in Ireland as former King James II arrives at the gates of Derry and asks for its surrender during the Williamite War in Ireland. The Protestant defenders refuse and the siege lasts until August 1 when it is abandoned. .source
  • 1689Boston revolt: Unpopular New England Governor Sir Edmund Andros and other officials are overthrown by a "mob" of Bostonians. Andros, an appointee of James II of England, is disliked for his support of the Church of England and revocation of various colonial charters.source
  • 1689Boston Revolt: Governor of the Dominion of New England Sir Edmund Andros and other officials are overthrown by a mob in Boston.source
  • 1692Giles Corey, Mary Warren, Abigail Hobbs and Bridget Bishop, all residents of Salem, Massachusetts, are arrested and charged with the practice of witchcraft.source
  • 1700Hungarian freedom activist Ferenc Rákóczi is arrested by Austrian authorities and charged with sedition. Imprisoned near Vienna and facing a death sentence, he escapes and later leads the overthrow of the Habsburg control of Hungary.source
  • 1710Thomas Hancorne gives the county of Swansea's assize sermon, "The right way to honour and happiness" in which he espouses his High Church beliefs.source
  • 1714The County of Knuthenborg is established by Adam Christopher Knuth from the manors of Knuthenborg, Maribo Ladegaard, Bandholmgård, Havlykke, Vårskov and Knuthenlundsource
  • 1738Spain's Royal Academy of History (Real Academia de la Historia) is established by decree of King Philip V of Spain.source
  • 1743The trustees of the English Province of Georgia vote to inaugurate public schools in the corporate territory.source
  • 175418 April–20 May – General election increases the Whig Party's majority. Corruption is particularly notorious in the Oxfordshire election.source
  • 1763Marie-Josephte Corriveau is hanged near her home at Saint-Vallier, Quebec before being gibbeted after being found guilty by a military tribunal of twelve officers of murdering her husband. She becomes famous in French Canadian folklore as "la Corriveau".source
  • 1763The folk hero Marie-Josephte Corriveau was sentenced to death by a British court martial for murdering her second husband, and was hanged in Quebec City.source
  • 1765Strilekrigen in Bergen, a farmer's rebellion in Bergen.source
  • 1770April 18 (April 19 by Cook's log) 18:00 – First voyage of James Cook: English explorer Captain James Cook and his crew become the first recorded Europeans to encounter the eastern coastline of the Australian continent. Land is sighted at Point Hicks, and named after Lieutenant Hicks who first observes landform at 6am.source
  • 177018 April (19 April by Cook's log) – first voyage of James Cook: English explorer Captain James Cook and his crew aboard HMS Endeavour become the first recorded Europeans to encounter the eastern coastline of the Australian continent.source
  • 1775American Revolution: Paul Revere and William Dawes, instructed by Dr. Joseph Warren, ride from Boston to Lexington to warn John Hancock and Sam Adams that British forces are coming to take them prisoner and to seize colonial weapons and ammunition in Concord.source
  • 1781Future New York mayor James Duane, North Carolina representative William Sharpe and future Connecticut governor Oliver Wolcott deliver the first report to the U.S. Continental Congress about the national debt and report it to be 24,057,157 and 2/5 dollars.source
  • 1783Three-Fifths Compromise: The first instance of black slaves in the United States of America being counted as three-fifths of persons (for the purpose of taxation), is included in a resolution of the Congress of the Confederation (this is later adopted in the 1787 Constitution).source
  • 1794April 17–19 – Kościuszko Uprising – Warsaw Uprising: The Polish people overthrow the Russian garrison in Warsaw.source
  • 1794April 17–19 - Warsaw Uprising (1794)source
  • 1797Armistice of Leoben: On behalf of the French Republic, a delegation under Napoleon Bonaparte signs a peace treaty with the Holy Roman Empire at Leoben.source
  • 1805Ordnance Survey begins systematic publication of its General Survey of England and Wales ("Old Series") maps to a scale of one inch to the mile (1:63,360) with those for Essex.source
  • 1806The U.S. Congress passes the Non-importation Act in an attempt to coerce Great Britain to suspend its impressment of American sailors and to respect American sovereignty and neutrality on the high seas.source
  • 1807Harwich ferry disaster: 60 to 90 soldiers and their families drown when a boat capsizes off Landguard Fort.source
  • 1809The 2,000 Guineas Stakes horse race is first run in England.source
  • 1818John Ross sets sail on his ship, the Isabella, in search of the Northwest Passage.source
  • 1818John Ross sets sail from London on the Isabella on an Admiralty expedition to search for the Northwest Passage.source
  • 1828Military mutiny in Chuquisaca. President Antonio José de Sucre is wounded and delegates command to President of the Council of Ministers José María Pérez de Urdininea.source
  • 1828Ornithologist Carl Julian (von) Graba lands in the little-studied Faroe Islands for a three-month visit to research the bird life.source
  • 1831The University of Alabama is founded.source
  • 1831The Sydney Morning Herald newspaper is first published, as the Sydney Herald.source
  • 1831The Sydney daily newspaper and Australia's oldest newspaper The Sydney Morning Herald is first published.source
  • 1833Over 300 delegates from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland travel to the office of the Prime Minister, the Earl Grey, to call for the immediate abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire.source
  • 1835Lord Melbourne succeeds Sir Robert Peel as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.source
  • 1840The New Zealand Gazette and Britannia Spectator prints its second issue in Britannia, becoming the first newspaper published in New Zealand. The first issue was printed in England the previous year. The paper publishes weekly, changing its name to The New Zealand Gazette and Wellington Spectator a few months later.source
  • 1846The commission on Rebellion Losses reports.source
  • 1848The Second Anglo-Sikh War breaks out in the Punjab.source
  • 1851New law on bankruptcy.source
  • 1852Taiping Rebellion in China: Taiping forces begin the siege of Guilin.source
  • 1855The Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, requested by Napoleon III for the Exposition Universelle (opening May 15), first appears.source
  • 1855The Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, requested by Napoleon III for the Exposition Universelle (opening 15 May), first appears.source
  • 1857The Spirits' Book (Le Livre des Esprits), one of the Five Fundamental Works of Spiritism, is published by French educator Allan Kardec.source
  • 1859Indian Rebellion revolutionary, Tantia Tope is hanged for the 1857 Rebellionsource
  • 1865Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his entire cabinet arrive in Charlotte, North Carolina, with a contingent of 1,000 soldiers.source
  • 18801880 United Kingdom general election: William Ewart Gladstone defeats Benjamin Disraeli, to become Prime Minister for the second time.source
  • 1880A banquet is held for Nordenskiöld and the other members of the Vega Expedition in the Great Hall of Børsen in Copenhagen.source
  • 1881A law is passed that enables the "expulsion by decree of the Council of Ministers of foreigners who might disturb the peace or threaten national safety".source
  • 1885Scottish Catholic Observer first published as The Glasgow Observer.source
  • 1888Westminster School is founded in Simsbury, Connecticut.source
  • 1897The Greco-Turkish War of 1897 breaks out.source
  • 1903Bury F.C. beat Derby County by an all-time record 6 goals to nil to win the 1903 FA Cup Final.source
  • 1903The local government of Saint Croix in the Danish West Indies issues a provisional Ordinance concerning measures against Glanders in St. Croixsource
  • 1906Xerox, the global digital office machine brand, is founded in Rochester, New York as the Haloid Photographic Company.source
  • 1906The San Francisco Earthquake (estimated magnitude 7.8) on the San Andreas Fault destroys much of San Francisco, California, killing at least 3,000, with 225,000–300,000 left homeless, and $350 million in damages.source
  • 1906The 1906 San Francisco earthquake (estimated magnitude 7.8) on the San Andreas Fault destroys much of San Francisco, California, killing at least 3,000 people, with 225,000–300,000 left homeless, and $350,000,000 in damages.source
  • 1909Joan of Arc is beatified in Rome.source
  • 1911SS Lusitania, a 5,557-ton Portuguese passenger liner en route from Mozambique to Lisbon, strikes Bellows Rock just off Cape Point and sinks.source
  • 1911Lusitania, a Portuguese 5,557 ton passenger liner, strikes Bellows Rock just off Cape Point en route from Mozambique to Lisbon and sinks. Only 8 out of the 774 people on board lose their lives.source
  • 1912Cunard Line vessel RMS Carpathia arrives in New York with the 705 RMS Titanic survivors.source
  • 1914April 14–18 – The first International Criminal Police Congress is held in Monaco; 24 countries are represented, including some from Asia, Europe, and the Americas; the Dean of the Paris Law School is president.source
  • 1914The Auckland Exhibition closes.source
  • 1926censuses are held in both parts of Ireland. The 1926 Irish Free State census records a population of 2,971,992; the population of Northern Ireland is 1,257,000.source
  • 1926Census held in Northern Ireland (and the Free State). The population of Northern Ireland is 1,257,000.source
  • 1927The Kuomintang (Nationalist Chinese) set up a government in Nanking, China.source
  • 1927The first greyhound racing track in Ireland opens at Celtic Park (Belfast).source
  • 1930The Chittagong Rebellion begins in India with the Chittagong armoury raid.source
  • 1930118 people die in the Costești wooden church fire.source
  • 1938Superman first appears in Action Comics #1 (cover date June). The date is established in court documents released during the legal battle over the rights to Superman (on April 18, 2018, DC Comics released Action Comics #1000).source
  • 1939Robert Menzies is elected leader of the United Australia Party, and consequently becomes the 12th Prime Minister of Australia, defeating former Prime Minister Billy Hughes. However, he will not be sworn in until April 26, because of the refusal of Earle Page and his Country Party to serve under him.source
  • 1942WWII: Doolittle Raid – Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle leads a bombing mission against Japan, along with 79 other airmen of the U.S. Air Force, flying 16 North American B-25 Mitchell land-based bombers. They take off from the USS Hornet in the Pacific Ocean, some 700 miles (1,126 km) east of Tokyo. Thirteen of the B-25 bombers fly over Tokyo and drop their bombs on oil storage facilities, factories and military targets. The other three B-25s drop their bombs over Yokohama, Nagoya and Kobe. All but one of the B-25s run out of fuel before reaching friendly forces in western China and are forced to land in Japanese-occupied China. With the support of Chinese farmers, 71 airmen reach free China. Eight airmen are captured by the Japanese, who execute four of them in retaliation for the raid.source
  • 1946The League of Nations, in its last meeting, transfers its mission to the United Nations and disbands itself.source
  • 1946The inaugural session of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) takes place at The Hague.source
  • 1946Nahum Manbar, Israeli businessman convicted for selling arms to Iransource
  • 1947'Mrs. Ples', an Australopithecus africanus skull, is discovered in the Sterkfontein area in Transvaal, South Africa.source
  • 1947The British Royal Navy detonates 6,800 tons of explosives, in an attempt to demolish the fortified island of Heligoland, Germany, in another of the largest man-made non-nuclear explosions in history.source
  • 1947Mrs. Ples is discovered near Sterkfontein.source
  • 1948Italian general election, 1948: The first democratic general election with universal suffrage is held in Italy. The Christian Democracy party achieves a majority over the Popular Democratic Front Communist-Socialist coalition.source
  • 1951The Treaty of Paris (1951) is adopted, establishing the European Coal and Steel Community.source
  • 1952West Germany and Japan form diplomatic relations.source
  • 1952Bolivia National Revolution: A universal vote enables indigenous peoples and women to vote, nationalizes mines and enacts agrarian reform.source
  • 1955April 18–24 – The Asian-African Conference is held in Bandung, Indonesia.source
  • 1956Maria Desylla-Kapodistria is elected mayor of Corfu, becoming the first female mayor in Greece.source
  • 1956American actress Grace Kelly legally marries Rainier III, Prince of Monaco; a religious ceremony follows next day.source
  • 1961The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations is signed.source
  • 1962The Commonwealth Immigrants Act in the United Kingdom removes free immigration from the citizens of member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, requiring proof of employment in the U.K. This comes into effect on 1 July.source
  • 1965Consecration of Saint Clement of Ohrid Macedonian Orthodox Cathedral in Toronto, Canada.source
  • 1966China declares that it will stop economic aid to Indonesia.source
  • 1966The 38th Academy Awards ceremony is held in Santa Monica, California: The Sound of Music wins Best Picture.source
  • 1968London Bridge is sold to U.S. entrepreneur Robert P. McCulloch for reconstruction at Lake Havasu City, Arizona.source
  • 19711972 Summer Olympics qualifier: Albania is defeated by Romania 1-2 at Stadionul Republicii, Bucharestsource
  • 1972The Rajang Area Security Command (RASCOM) was established during the Sarawak Communist Insurgency.source
  • 1975The Khmer Rouge begins a forcible mass evacuation of the city and starts the Cambodian genocide.source
  • 1977An annular solar eclipse was visible in Africa, and was the 29th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 138.source
  • 1977Due to shortages, President Carlos Andrés Pérez approves the importation of basic foodstuffs.source
  • 1978April 18– 30 – The Khmer Rouge massacres 3,157 civilians in Ba Chúc, Vietnam.source
  • 1978The U.S. Senate votes, 68–32, to turn the Panama Canal over to Panamanian control on December 31, 1999.source
  • 19791979–80 Balkans Cup: Albania defeats Yugoslavia 4-1 at Selman Stërmasi Stadium, Tiranasource
  • 1979Relatives of disappeared detainees are chained in the building of the former National Congress, where the Ministry of Justice worked. Again they get no response.source
  • 1979A typhoon kills at least 12 persons, left hundreds homeless, and caused property damage estimated at $3.5 million.source
  • 1980Zimbabwe gains de jure independence from the United Kingdom with Robert Mugabe as its first Prime Minister.source
  • 1981A Minor League Baseball game between the Rochester Red Wings and the Pawtucket Red Sox at McCoy Stadium in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, becomes the longest professional baseball game in history: 8 hours and 25 minutes/33 innings (the 33rd inning is not played until June 23).source
  • 1983The Disney Channel launches in the United States.source
  • 1983The 1983 United States embassy bombing in Beirut kills 63 people.source
  • 1986Titan 34D-9 explodes just after launch while carrying the final KH-9 satellite.source
  • 1988The United States Navy retaliates for the USS Samuel B. Roberts mining with Operation Praying Mantis, in a day of strikes against Iranian oil platforms and naval vessels.source
  • 1991April 16–18 – General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev begins the first ever visit of a Soviet leader to Japan, but fails to resolve the two countries' dispute over ownership of the Kuril Islands.source
  • 1991The first of the Hausjärvi Gravel Pit Murders is discovered.source
  • 1997The Red River of the North breaks through dikes and floods Grand Forks, North Dakota, and East Grand Forks, Minnesota, causing US$2 billion in damage.source
  • 2002Romanian mathematician Preda Mihăilescu creates a proof for the Catalan's conjecture, which had gone unsolved for 158 years.source
  • 2003Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee visits Kashmir and expresses support for peace negotiations with Pakistan.source
  • 2004Newly elected prime minister of Spain, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, announces the withdrawal of all 1,300 Spanish troops from Iraq.source
  • 2006UN Secretary General Kofi Annan warns that violence from Chad could spread to neighboring Central African countries.source
  • 200718 April 2007 Baghdad bombings: A series of attacks take place across Baghdad, Iraq, killing nearly 200 people.source
  • 2007April 15–22 – Three major marathon races were won by Kenyan men: Rotterdam Marathon was won by Joshua Chelanga, Boston Marathon by Robert Cheruiyot and London Marathon by Martin Lel.source
  • 2013Senior Associate Justice Francis Korkpor is appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Liberia. Korkpor had been serving as Interim Chief Justice ever since Johnnie Lewis' resignation in September 2012.source
  • 2017Twelve Saudi military officers die when a Black Hawk crashes in Yemen's Ma'rib Governorate.source
  • 2018Cinemas open in Saudi Arabia for the first time since 1983 with the American film Black Panther chosen as the first to be screened.source
  • 2018Puerto Rico experiences an island-wide blackout after an excavator accidentally downs a transmission line.source
  • 2018NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is launched.source
  • 2018In Nicaragua, protests begin against announced reforms of Social Security which would decrease retirement pension benefits. An estimated number of 34 protesters are killed by police.source
  • 2018Unrest erupts in Nicaragua by mostly students after social security reforms.source
  • 2019NepaliSat-1 is launched. It is Nepal's first ever research satellite to be sent into space.source
  • 2019NepaliSat-1, the first ever research satellite to be sent to space by Nepal launches.source
  • 2020Prime Minister Thomas Thabane deploys the army to the streets of Lesotho to restore order.source
  • 202044 suspected Boko Haram members are found dead, apparently due to poisoning, inside a prison in N'Djamena, Chad.source
  • 2021Twelve football clubs, including three from La Liga and leading clubs from the Premier League and Serie A, agree to join a new breakaway European Super League, prompting international condemnation. Two days later, following major protests from supporters, other clubs and politicians, Manchester City withdraw from the league; this prompts all the remaining Premier League clubs and three others to do the same.source

Births

  • 1115Gertrude of Süpplingenburg, German duchess and regent (died 1143)source
  • 1446Ippolita Maria Sforza, Italian noble (died 1484)source
  • 1480Lucrezia Borgia, Duchess of Ferrara (died 1519)source
  • 1503Henry II of Navarre, King of Navarre (1517–1555) (died 1555)source
  • 1521François de Coligny d'Andelot, French general (died 1569)source
  • 1521François de Coligny d'Andelot, French general (died 1569)source
  • 1534William Harrison, English clergyman (died 1593)source
  • 1580(baptism) Thomas Middleton, English playwright (died 1627)source
  • 1587Sir Charles Morrison, 1st Baronet, Member of the Parliament of England (died 1628)source
  • 1590Ahmed I, Ottoman Sultan (died 1617)source
  • 1605Giacomo Carissimi, Italian composer (died 1674)source
  • 1622Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate, German artist (died 1709)source
  • 1628Ludvig Rosenkrantz, nobleman and civil servant, the first baron in Norway (died 1685).source
  • 1647Elias Brenner, painter, numismatist, and archeologist (died 1717).source
  • 1706William Brattle, Attorney General of province of Massachusetts Bay as well as a physician (died 1776)source
  • 1708James Cholmondeley, British Army officer and Member of Parliament between 1731 and 1747 (died 1775)source
  • 1771Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg, Austrian field marshal (died 1820)source
  • 1772David Ricardo, British economist (died 1823)source
  • 1788Charlotte Murchison, Scottish geologist (died 1869)source
  • 1836Eleuterio Ramírez Molina (died 1879)source
  • 1857Pedro Nolasco Cruz Vergara (died 1939)source
  • 1861Rafael Yglesias Castro, President 1894-1902 (died 1924)source
  • 1941Michael D. Higgins, 9th President of Irelandsource
  • 1963Conan O'Brien, American television entertainer and talk show hostsource
  • 1970Kim Kyung-Wook, archersource

Deaths

  • 310Pope Eusebius succeeds Pope Marcellus I as the 31st pope, but is banished on August 17 by the Emperor Maxentius to Sicily, where he dies, perhaps from a hunger strike.source
  • 727Agallianos Kontoskeles, Byzantine commander and rebel leadersource
  • 796Æthelred I, king of Northumbriasource
  • 796King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered, probably at Corbridge, by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. Another rival, Torhtmund, slays Ealdred in revenge. Northumbria is plunged into chaos. The patrician Osbald is placed on the throne, but is deserted by his supporters after only 27 days. He flees from Lindisfarne to Pictland. Another faction brings back Æthelred I's old back-from-the-dead rival, Eardwulf, as the new king. He dismisses his wife and publicly takes a concubine. Eardwulf is alienated from Archbishop Eanbald of York.source
  • 850Perfectus, Spanish monk and martyrsource
  • 879Seishi, empress of Japan (born 810)source
  • 909Dionysius II, Syriac Orthodox patriarch of Antiochsource
  • 943Fujiwara no Atsutada, Japanese nobleman (born 906)source
  • 963Stephen Lekapenos, Byzantine co-emperorsource
  • 1076Beatrice of Bar, French duchess and regentsource
  • 1143Gertrude of Süpplingenburg, German duchess and regent (born 1115)source
  • 1161Theobald of Bec, archbishop of Canterbury (born 1090)source
  • 1161Theobald of Bec, archbishop of Canterbury in England dies after an illness. King Henry II is informed and expresses the wish to have his friend Thomas Becket elected as the successor.source
  • 1176Galdino della Sala, Italian archbishop (born 1096)source
  • 1430John III, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German countsource
  • 1519Sibylle of Bavaria, Electress Palatine consort (born 1489)source
  • 1552John Leland, English historian (born 1502)source
  • 1555Polydore Vergil, English historian (born 1470)source
  • 1556John Gage, English courtier of the Tudor period (born 1479)source
  • 1567Wilhelm von Grumbach, German adventurer (born 1503)source
  • 1607Anders Bendssøn Dall, Danish Lutheran prelate who served as Bishop of Oslo (born c.1550).source
  • 1618Marie of the Incarnation, Carmelite (born 1566)source
  • 1619Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani, Mughal empress (born 1573)source
  • 1636Julius Caesar, English judge (born c.1557)source
  • 1636Julius Caesar, judge (born c. 1557)source
  • 1674John Graunt, English demographer (born 1620)source
  • 1689George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys, Welsh judge, aka the Hanging Judge (born 1645)source
  • 1690Charles V, Duke of Lorraine, Austrian-born general of the Holy Roman Empire (born 1643)source
  • 1712Louisa Maria Stuart, considered by Jacobites to be Princess Royal and heir to the throne of her brother James, dies of smallpox in French exile. Her brother also falls ill but recovers.source
  • 1756Jacques Cassini, French astronomer (born 1677)source
  • 1760Mary Alexander, influential colonial-era merchant in New York City (born 1693)source
  • 1763Marie-Josephte Corriveau, criminal (born 1733)source
  • 1802Erasmus Darwin, English physician and botanist (born 1731)source
  • 1853William R. King, 13th Vice President of the United States (born 1786)source
  • 1867Robert Smirke, British architect (born 1780)source
  • 1873Justus von Liebig, German chemist (born 1803)source
  • 1913Lester Frank Ward, American botanist, paleontologist and sociologist (born 1841)source
  • 1941WWII: Greek Prime Minister Alexandros Koryzis commits suicide as German troops approach Athens.source
  • 1945American war correspondent Ernie Pyle is killed by Japanese machine gun fire on the island of Ie Shima off Okinawa.source
  • 1945William, Prince of Albaniasource
  • 1955Albert Einstein, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1879)source
  • 1964Ben Hecht, American screenwriter (born 1894)source
  • 1972Henriette Geertruida Veth, Dutch lawyersource
  • 1996Qana massacre: Over 100 Lebanese civilians are killed after Israel shells the United Nations compound in Qana.source
  • 20222022 Russian invasion of Ukraine: The battle of Donbas begins, leading to the deaths of several thousand military personnel and civilians.source