/year

July 26 in history

209 sourced entries recorded on July 26, from 64 CE to 2024 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 64July 18- 27 – Great Fire of Rome: A fire begins which destroyed three of fourteen of the administrative regions of Rome, more commonly known as the Palatine Hill, the Circus Maximus, and the Oppian hill. Also suffering severe damage were the Campus Martius and the Via Lata.source
  • 657July 26 - July 28 – Battle of Siffin: Muslim forces under Ali ibn Abi-Talib fight an inconclusive battle against Mu'awiya I, on the banks of the Euphrates, near Raqqa (Syria).source
  • 806Wulfred is elected Archbishop of Canterbury.source
  • 811Battle of Vărbitsa Pass: Nikephoros I is trapped (probably in the Vărbitsa Pass) and defeated by the Bulgars, who use the tactics of ambush and surprise night attacks to immobilize the Byzantine forces. Nikephoros himself is killed; Krum has the emperor's head carried back in triumph on a pole, where it is cleaned out, lined with silver and made into a jeweled skull cup, which he allows his Slavic princes (archons) to drink from with him.source
  • 920At the Battle of Valdejunquera, the Muslim forces of the Emir Abd-ar-Rahman III of Córdoba, defeat the Christian armies of King Ordoño II of León and King Sancho I of Pamplona. The decisive battle at the Val de Junquera takes place following the Emir's pre-emptive strike and his invasion of the upper Douro valley and the capture of Osma. The Arab army proceeds on to the upper Ebro, restoring and replenishing Umayyad garrisons in the region.source
  • 1214Philip II arrives at the Flemish town of Tournai with his army (some 7,000 men), while the rest of his allied forces encamp 12 kilometres south at the Castle of Mortagne (France).source
  • 1324Basarab I, ruler of Wallachia (part of modern-day Romania) is designated by King Charles I of Hungary (Károly Róbert) as a subject of the Hungarian crown.source
  • 1340Hundred Years' War – Battle of Saint-Omer: The French defeat the English.source
  • 1346Battle of Caen (1346): An English army captures and sacks the French city of Caen.source
  • 1367At Avignon, Pope Urban V learns of a possible invasion of France by John of Gaunt and his intention to capture Provence, and writes to England's King Edward III to take steps to prevent it.source
  • 1374Levon of Lusignan arrives at Sis, capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and now a set of ruins near the town of Kozan, Adana in Turkey, to take the Cilician throne left vacant by the death of King Constantine IV. Marie of Korikos, Constantine's widow, has been ruling as the regent and supports Levon's the election by Cilician nobles.source
  • 1384The Treaty of Heidelberg ends a fight between the Süddeutscher Städtebund (South German League of Cities, with 28 member cities) and the allies of Wenceslaus IV, King of Germany.source
  • 1400Jagiellonian University is re-established in Kraków by order of King Władysław II, with the creation of the Faculty of Theology at what is then called the Kraków Academy. The restoration is partially financed by the sale of jewelry owned by the King's late wife, Queen Jadwiga, who had died in 1399.source
  • 1410The Siege of Marienburg (now Malbork in Poland), capital of the State of the Teutonic Order of the Teutonic Knights, begins with an attack by Poland and Lithuania with an army of 26,000 men against less than 5,000 Teutons.source
  • 1452The University of Valence is founded in France by the Dauphin Louis, son of King Charles VII. The university lasts for 330 years until being closed during the French Revolution.source
  • 1476At the Battle of Valea Albă, fought at what is now Războieni in Romania, the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II defeats Stephen III of Moldavia.source
  • 1509Krishnadevaraya ascends the throne of the Vijayanagara Empire.source
  • 1509Krishnadevaraya starts his reign as Emperor of the Vijayanagara Empiresource
  • 1519King Charles of Spain issues a royal order prohibiting navigator Rui Faleiro from participating in the Magellan expedition, after Portugal's ambassador to Spain reports that Faleiro is suffering from a nervous breakdown.source
  • 1566Action of 26 July 1566source
  • 1574Kılıç Ali Pasha begins construction of an Ottoman fortress on the coastline of Morocco, directly across Andalusia in mainland Spain.source
  • 1575July 20–26 – Rathlin Island Massacre: English adventurers Francis Drake and John Norreys, acting for the Earl of Essex, lead an expedition that culminates in the massacre of 500 of the clan MacDonnell in a surprise raid on Rathlin Island.source
  • 1575Edmund Grindal succeeds Matthew Parker as Archbishop of Canterbury.source
  • 1581The Act of Abjuration is signed at The Hague by representatives of eight Dutch provinces as a declaration of independence from Spanish rule and a secession from the Union of Utrecht. The signing confirms a decision made in a July 22 meeting of the States General in Antwerp. King Philip II of Spain refuses to acknowledge the Abjuration.source
  • 1581A meteorite strikes the Earth in Thuringia in the Holy Roman Empire.source
  • 1602William Shakespeare's tragedy Hamlet, recently premiered by the Lord Chamberlain's Men, is licensed for publishing in London but not in fact printed at this time.source
  • 1634Siege of La Mothe-en-Bassigny in Lorraine by Armand Nompar de Caumont ends after 141 days when it capitulates to him.source
  • 1637French forces commanded by Cardinal de La Valette take Landrecies.source
  • 1690A French landing party raids and burns Teignmouth in Devon, England. However, with the loss of James II's position in Ireland, any plans for a real invasion are soon shelved, and Teignmouth is the last French attack on England.source
  • 1699William Dampier's expedition to New Holland (Australia), in HMS Roebuck, reaches Dirk Hartog Island, at the mouth of what he calls Shark Bay in Western Australia, and he begins producing the first known detailed record of Australian flora and fauna.source
  • 1703After their victories at the Pontlatzer Bridge and the Brenner Pass, Tyrolese farmers drive out the Bavarian Elector, Maximilian II Emanuel, from North Tyrol and thus prevent the Bavarian Army, which is allied with France, from marching on Vienna during the War of the Spanish Succession. This success, at low cost, is the signal for the rebellion of the Tyrolese against Bavaria, and Elector Maximilian II Emanuel has to flee from Innsbruck. The Bavarian Army withdraws through Seefeld in Tirol back to Bavaria.source
  • 1705Great Northern War: At the Battle of Gemauerthof, fought in modern-day Latvia, Swedish forces under the command of General Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt overwhelm a much larger force of Russian troops commanded by Count Boris Sheremetev, killing 2,000 Russians and wounding as many as 3,000.source
  • 1705Battle of Gemauerthof: Russian troops under Boris Sheremetev clash with Swedish forces led by Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt near Gemauerthof during the Courland operation of the Great Northern War.source
  • 1709Reinhard Keiser's opera Desiderius, König der Langobarden is premiered in Hamburg.source
  • 1722July 26 (July 15 O.S.) – The Russo-Persian War (1722–1723) begins with Peter the Great's Persian campaign.source
  • 1726Prince Frederick, son of the Prince of Wales, is created Baron Snowdon by his grandfather, King George I of Great Britain.source
  • 1759July 26–27 – Seven Years' War (French and Indian War) – Battle of Ticonderoga: At the southern end of Lake Champlain, French forces withdraw from Fort Carillon, which is taken by the British under General Amherst, and renamed Fort Ticonderoga.source
  • 1764In what is described 250 years later as "The first documented United States school shooting", a group of four Delaware Indians invade a schoolhouse near what is now Greencastle, Pennsylvania and kill ten schoolchildren and their teacher, Enoch Brown. The massacre happens in the course of Pontiac's War, as retaliation against white settlement of Indian lands in central Pennsylvania. One student, Archie McCullough, manages to escape the carnage; a memorial is erected 120 years later on August 4, 1884.source
  • 1766construction of the Trent and Mersey Canal begins to connect the River Trent and River Mersey.source
  • 1775The Second Continental Congress appoints Benjamin Franklin to be the first Postmaster General of what later becomes the United States Post Office Department.source
  • 1778In the Russian Empire, the forced emigration of Christians from the Crimea to Pryazovia begins.source
  • 1788New York ratifies the United States Constitution, and becomes the eleventh U.S. state.source
  • 1790Alexander Hamilton's Assumption Bill, giving effect to his First Report on the Public Credit, is passed in the United States Congress, allowing the federal government to assume the consolidated debts of the U.S. states.source
  • 1792Associated Friends of the People for Parliamentary Reform constituted in Edinburgh.source
  • 1803The wagonway between Wandsworth and Croydon is opened, being the first public railway line in England.source
  • 1811Forest fires break out in the Tyrol region of Switzerland, reportedly destroying 64 villages and hamlets.source
  • 1814The Swedish campaign against Norway started.source
  • 1820Union Chain Bridge opens across the River Tweed, between England and Scotland. Its span of 449 ft (137 m) is the world's longest for a vehicular bridge at this time.source
  • 1820opening of Union Chain Bridge across the River Tweed between England and Scotland, designed by Captain Samuel Brown. Its span of 449 ft (137 metres) is the longest in the Western world at this time, and it is the first wrought iron vehicular suspension bridge of its type in Britain.source
  • 1822Guayaquil Conference: José de San Martín arrives in Guayaquil, Ecuador, to meet Simón Bolívar.source
  • 1826Cayetano Ripoll becomes the last person to be executed by the Spanish Inquisition's successor at its last auto-da-fé, held in Valencia.source
  • 1829Red trousers (pantalon rouge) adopted as standard Army uniform.source
  • 1830The July Revolution in France begins when people in Paris rebel against the July Ordinances, issued earlier in the day at Saint-Cloud by King Charles X of France.source
  • 1841The proprietors of The Skerries Lighthouse off Anglesey, the last privately owned light in the British Isles, are awarded £444,984 in compensation for its sale to Trinity House.source
  • 1845August 10 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel's iron steamship Great Britain makes the transatlantic crossing from Liverpool to New York, the first screw propelled vessel to make the passage.source
  • 1847The nation of Liberia, founded as a haven for freed African-American slaves, becomes independent.source
  • 1848The Matale Rebellion breaks out against British rule in Sri Lanka.source
  • 1848The University of Wisconsin–Madison is founded.source
  • 1849The official inauguration of the Norwegian Royal Palace (Slottet or formally Det kongelige slott), which occurred during the reign of Oscar I.source
  • 1855Ole Paus, ship's captain, shipowner and land owner (born 1766)source
  • 1861George B. McClellan assumes command of the Army of the Potomac, following the disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run.source
  • 1865The New Zealand Parliament first meets in Wellington on a permanent basis, making it de facto the national capital.source
  • 1865Sir John Thomas becomes acting Lieutenant-governor of the Colony of Natal.source
  • 1869The Irish Church Act 1869 is given royal assent by Queen Victoria, disestablishing the Church of Ireland effective January 1, 1871.source
  • 1869royal assent is given to the Irish Church Act 1869, disestablishing the Church of Ireland with effect from 1871 and abolishing payment of tithe, the legislation having passed through the House of Commons of the United Kingdom and House of Lords.source
  • 1874the Roman Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Sligo, is opened.source
  • 1875Cape Midland – Port Elizabeth to Addo, 31 mi 55 ch.source
  • 1878In California, the poet and American West outlaw calling himself "Black Bart" makes his last clean getaway when he steals a safe box from a Wells Fargo stagecoach. The empty box is found later with a taunting poem inside.source
  • 1879The first union in New Zealand, Canterbury Rugby Football Union, is formed at Timaru, incorporating Christchurch, Christ's College, Temuka, North Canterbury, Eastern, South Canterbury, Ashburton, and Southbridge rugby clubs.source
  • 1882Boers establish the republic of Stellaland in southern Africa.source
  • 1882Richard Wagner's opera Parsifal debuts, at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus in Bavaria.source
  • 1887L. L. Zamenhof publishes "Unua Libro" (Dr. Esperanto's International Language), the first description of Esperanto, the constructed international auxiliary language.source
  • 1890In Buenos Aires, the Revolution of the Park takes place, forcing President Juárez Celman's resignation.source
  • 1890Revolution of the Parksource
  • 1896The International Socialist Workers and Trade Union Congress opens in London.source
  • 189626 July–1 August – International Socialist Workers and Trade Union Congress held in London.source
  • 1897July 26–August 2 – Siege of Malakand: British troops are besieged by Pashtun tribesmen in Malakand, on the Northwest frontier of British India (modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan).source
  • 189726 July–2 August – Siege of Malakand: British troops are besieged by Pashtun tribesmen in Malakand.source
  • 1905Law promulgated making Sunday an obligatory day of rest in trade and industry.source
  • 1908The Federal Bureau of Investigation is founded in the United States.source
  • 1909July 25–August 2 – "Tragic Week" (La Semana Trágica/la Setmana Tràgica): The city of Barcelona experiences a workers' uprising.source
  • 1909Blue Anchor Line passenger/cargo liner SS Waratah, on her second voyage from Australia to Britain, leaves Durban and is lost without trace with all 211 aboard.source
  • 1912Elise Sem was authorized as the first female barrister in Norwaysource
  • 1914Howth gun-running: former British civil servant and novelist Erskine Childers and his wife Molly sail into Howth in Ireland and land 2,500 guns for the nationalist Irish Volunteers from a German dealer. British Army troops of the King's Own Scottish Borderers, returning to Dublin having been called out to assist police in attempting to prevent the Volunteers from moving the arms to the city, perpetrate the Bachelor's Walk massacre, firing on a crowd of protestors at Bachelors Walk, killing three; a fourth man dies later from bayonet wounds and more than 37 others are injured.source
  • 1916WWI: East African Campaign – The German armed ship SMS Graf von Goetzen scuttles herself on Lake Tanganyika.source
  • 1920Anti-semitic paramilitary attacks guests at Club Kávéház, kill 2 peoplesource
  • 1921U.S. President Warren G. Harding receives Princess Fatima of Afghanistan who is escorted by imposter Stanley Clifford Weyman.source
  • 1923Warren G Harding visits Vancouver the first sitting American president to visit Canada post confederationsource
  • 1926The United States National Bar Association is incorporated.source
  • 1930Charles Creighton and James Hargis leave New York City for Los Angeles on a roundtrip journey, driving 11,555 km using only a reverse gear; the trip lasts the next 42 days.source
  • 1930The cargo schooner Nobiskrug is launched from Rendsburg harbour.source
  • 1937July 25–31 – Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Beiping–Tianjin, a series of actions fought around Beiping and Tianjin, result in Japanese victory.source
  • 1940Revolutionary Left Party (PIR) is founded in Oruro.source
  • 1942The Brazilian ship Tamandaré is sunk by the German submarine U-66 (1940) off the coast of Trinidad and Tobago.source
  • 1944WWII: A Messerschmitt Me 262 becomes the first jet fighter aircraft to have an operational victory.source
  • 1945Winston Churchill resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, after his Conservative Party is soundly defeated by the Labour Party in the 1945 general election. Clement Attlee becomes the new prime minister. It is the first time that Labour has governed Britain with a majority in the House of Commons.source
  • 1947Cold War: U.S. President Harry S. Truman signs the National Security Act of 1947 into law to create the Central Intelligence Agency, the Department of Defense, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the National Security Council.source
  • 1948U.S. President Truman signs Executive Order 9981, ending racial segregation in the United States Armed Forces.source
  • 1948At the 1948 Summer Olympics, the Luxembourg national football team records its largest-ever victory, beating Afghanistan 6–0.source
  • 1951The first birch bark manuscript is discovered in Novgorod.source
  • 1952King Farouk of Egypt abdicates, nominally in favour of his infant son Fuad II.source
  • 1952At the 1952 Summer Olympics, Josy Barthel wins the men's 1,500m in a new Olympic record time: to date, the only time an athlete has won a gold medal for Luxembourg at the Olympics.source
  • 1953Fidel Castro and his brother lead a disastrous assault on the Moncada Barracks, preliminary to the Cuban Revolution.source
  • 1955July 25-August 4: Bishops from all over Latin America meet in Rio de Janeiro for the first Episcopal Conference of Latin America.source
  • 1956Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal, sparking international condemnation.source
  • 1956President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt announces the nationalization of the Suez Canal and Egyptian forces seize control of the canal, moves that precipitate the Suez Crisis and the Sinai Campaign.source
  • 1956SS Andrea Doria's sinking; 55 dead.source
  • 1957July 25–28 - According to Japanese government official confirmed report, heavy massive torrential rain and flood swept hit around Isahaya, Kyushu Island. 992 persons lost their lives in mudslides and flooding.source
  • 1958Explorer program: Explorer 4 is launched in the United States.source
  • 1958Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom announces that she is giving her son Prince Charles the customary title for the heir apparent of Prince of Wales. The announcement is made at the end of the 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, held in Cardiff.source
  • 1960July 25–28 – In Chicago, the 1960 Republican National Convention nominates Vice President Richard Nixon as its candidate for President of the United States, and Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. for vice-president.source
  • 1961Shell opens Singapore's first oil refinery at Pulau Bukom.source
  • 1963NASA launches Syncom 2, the world's first geostationary (synchronous) satellite.source
  • 1963An earthquake in Skopje, Yugoslavia (present-day North Macedonia) leaves 1,800 dead.source
  • 1966Lord Gardiner issues the Practice Statement in the House of Lords of the United Kingdom, stating that the House, when acting in a judicial capacity, is not bound to follow its own previous precedent.source
  • 1968July 23–28 – Black militants led by Fred (Ahmed) Evans engage in a fierce gunfight with police in the Glenville Shootout of Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States, leaving 7 people killed.source
  • 1968Vietnam War: South Vietnamese opposition leader Trương Đình Dzu is sentenced to 5 years hard labor for advocating the formation of a coalition government as a way to move toward an end to the war.source
  • 1969A 6.4 earthquake shakes the Chinese city of Yangjiang destroying thousands of homes and killing 3,000 people.source
  • 1971July 25–30 – Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli records two Debussy works in Munich for Deutsche Grammophon, his fifth recording.source
  • 1971Apollo 15 (carrying astronauts David Scott, Alfred Worden and James Irwin) is launched.source
  • 1975The opening of Beipu Station of Taiwan Railways Administration in Xincheng Township, Hualien County.source
  • 1976In Los Angeles, Ronald Reagan announces his choice of liberal U.S. Senator Richard Schweiker as his vice presidential running mate, in an effort to woo moderate Republican delegates away from President Gerald Ford.source
  • 1981July 23–29 – Strong temperature drops are recorded in much of the country. Snow falls in cities like La Serena and Copiapó, where previously thought impossible.source
  • 1989A federal grand jury indicts Cornell University student Robert Tappan Morris for releasing a computer virus, making him the first person to be prosecuted under the United States' 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.source
  • 1990U.S. President George H. W. Bush signs the Americans with Disabilities Act, designed to protect disabled Americans from discrimination.source
  • 1990On the The Howard Stern Show, Gary Dell'Abate is given the nickname "Baba Booey" for the first time.source
  • 1992Iraq agrees to allow UN weapons inspectors to search the Iraqi Agricultural Ministry building in Baghdad. When inspectors arrive on July 28 and 29, they find nothing and voice suspicions that Iraqi records have been removed.source
  • 1993Miguel Indurain wins the 1993 Tour de France.source
  • 1993Asiana Airlines Flight 733 crashes into Mt. Ungeo in Haenam, South Korea; 68 are killed.source
  • 1993Asiana Airlines Flight 733 crashes near Mokpo Airport, killing 68 of the 116 passengers and crew.source
  • 1995July 21–26 – Third Taiwan Strait Crisis: The Chinese People's Liberation Army fires missiles into the waters north of Taiwan.source
  • 1995Tropical Storm Janis hit near Seoul, South Korea. The storm lasted until the 28th.source
  • 2000Bangladesh announces closure of academic institutions over Dengue epidemic.source
  • 2002July 25–August 4 – The 2002 Commonwealth Games are held in Manchester, England.source
  • 2009The Islamic extremist group Boko Haram initiates an uprising in Bauchi State, Nigeria and quickly spreads throughout the northern part of the country.source
  • 2013July 22–28 – XIV World Youth Day, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.source
  • 2014Washington DC metro opens Phase 1 of the silver line to Tysons Corner, Reston, and Loudoun county.source
  • 2014July 23–August 3 – The 2014 Commonwealth Games takes place in Glasgow, Scotland.source
  • 2016Swiss Solar Impulse 2 becomes the first solar-powered aircraft to circumnavigate the Earth.source
  • 2018The share price of Facebook drops by almost 20 percent after the company warns investors that user growth has slowed following the data leak scandal. Over $109 billion is wiped from its market value, the largest single day loss in corporate history at the time.source
  • 2018Minister of Finance and Development Planning Samuel Tweah serves as national Independence Day orator.source
  • 2018Heavy wildfires in Greece leave 102 dead and more than a hundred buildings destroyed.source
  • 201926 July to 11 August – Jamaica competed in the 2019 Pan American Games in Lima, Perusource
  • 2019August 11 – The 2019 Pan American Games are held in Lima, Peru.source
  • 2024August 11 – The 2024 Summer Olympics are held in Paris, France. The controversial opening ceremony and the boxing match of Luca Hámori and Imane Khelif spark international debate.source

Births

  • 1030Stanislaus of Szczepanów, bishop of Kraków (died 1079)source
  • 1400Isabel le Despenser, Countess of Worcester, English noble (died 1439)source
  • 1439Sigismund, Duke of Bavaria, member of the Wittelsbach dynasty (died 1501)source
  • 1678Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1711)source
  • 1727Horatio Gates, retired British soldier who served as an American general during the American Revolutionary War (died 1806)source
  • 1730Charles Messier, French astronomer (died 1817)source
  • 1802Mariano Arista, President of Mexico (died 1855)source
  • 180826 July (In England): Frederic Carrington, surveyor and politician.source
  • 1855Ferdinand Tönnies, German sociologist (died 1936)source
  • 1856George Bernard Shaw, Irish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1950)source
  • 1865Philipp Scheidemann, 11th Chancellor of Germany (died 1939)source
  • 1875Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist (died 1961)source
  • 1894Aldous Huxley, English novelist (died 1963)source
  • 1928Stanley Kubrick, American film director (2001: A Space Odyssey) (died 1999)source
  • 1939John Howard, 25th Prime Minister of Australiasource
  • 1943Mick Jagger, English rock singer (The Rolling Stones)source
  • 1949Thaksin Shinawatra, Prime Minister of Thailand and businessmansource
  • 1949Thaksin Shinawatra, Former Thai Prime Ministersource
  • 1955Asif Ali Zardari, 11th President of Pakistansource
  • 1973Kate Beckinsale, English actresssource
  • 1975Liz Truss, English politician, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdomsource

Deaths

  • 342Chen of Jin (or Sima Yan), Chinese emperor (born 321)source
  • 811Nikephoros I, emperor of the Byzantine Empiresource
  • 899Li Hanzhi, Chinese warlord (born 842)source
  • 943Motoyoshi, Japanese nobleman and poet (born 890)source
  • 990Fujiwara no Kaneie, Japanese statesman (born 929)source
  • 1043Moses the Hungarian, Kievan Russian monksource
  • 1184Approximately 60 are killed in the Erfurt latrine disaster.source
  • 1200Raymond of Piacenza (the Palmer), Italian pilgrimsource
  • 1233Wilbrand of Oldenburg, prince-bishop of Utrechtsource
  • 1380Emperor Kōmyō, former Emperor of Japan (born 1322)source
  • 1471Pope Paul II (born 1417)source
  • 1480Ruprecht of the Palatinate, Archbishop and Prince Elector of Cologne (born 1427)source
  • 1533Atahualpa, last Inca ruler of Peru (executed) (born c.1502)source
  • 1533Sapa Inca Atahualpa is executed by garotte, at the orders of Francisco Pizarro in Cajamarca. While older sources stated the execution had been on August 29, 1533, it would later be determined by late 20th century historians that the August date was incorrect because the Spaniards had departed Cajamarca by August 10. The Spanish arrange for his younger brother Túpac Huallpa to be crowned as a successor, but he dies in October after an apparent poisoning.source
  • 1577Blaise de Lasseran-Massencôme, seigneur de Montluc, Marshal of France (born 1502)source
  • 1582Battle of Ponta Delgada (War of the Portuguese Succession): Spanish admiral Santa Cruz decisively defeats a larger mercenary fleet from France, England, supporters of the Portuguese claimant António, Prior of Crato, and the Dutch Republic, under Filippo di Piero Strozzi (who is killed) off the Azores, the first engagement between large fleets of galleons, operating at any great distance from the mainland.source
  • 1592Armand de Gontaut, Baron of Biron, French soldier (born 1524)source
  • 1615Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia (born 1550)source
  • 1630Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy (born 1562)source
  • 1668Hans Svane, statesman (born 1606)source
  • 1680John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, English poet (born 1647)source
  • 1684Elena Cornaro Piscopia, Venetian philosopher of noble descent (born 1646)source
  • 1693Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark, Queen consort of Sweden (born 1656)source
  • 1693Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark, queen (born 1656)source
  • 1712Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, English statesman (born 1631)source
  • 1723Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, English statesman (born 1660)source
  • 1737Johan Cronman, Swedish general (born 1662)source
  • 18051805 Molise earthquake: 5,573 people in Molise and Campania, Italy, are killed.source
  • 1834Jonathan Jennings, American politician and the first governor of Indiana (born 1784)source
  • 1863Sam Houston, first President of the Republic of Texas (born 1793)source
  • 1867King Otto of Greece (born 1815)source
  • 1899The President of the Dominican Republic, dictator Ulises Heureaux, is assassinated during a visit to the city of Moca.source
  • 1925William Jennings Bryan, American lawyer and politician (born 1860)source
  • 1926Robert Todd Lincoln, American statesman and businessman, son of 16th President Abraham Lincoln (born 1843)source
  • 1934Winsor McCay, American comic creator and animator (born 1869)source
  • 1944Reza Shah, 20th Prime Minister of Iran and Shah of Iran (born 1878)source
  • 1952Eva Perón, Argentine political leader, and First Lady to and partner in power of President Juan Perón (born 1919)source
  • 1952Maria Eva Duarte De Peron, known as "Evita", Argentina's first lady, dies aged 33 of cancer in Buenos Aires. The Argentine government's declaration of national mourning causes all business, entertainment, leisure and work to a standstill.source
  • 1967July 23–31 – 12th Street Riot: In Detroit, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city: 43 are killed, 342 injured and 1,400 buildings burned.source
  • 1971Diane Arbus, American photographer (born 1923)source
  • 1977Prince Charles of Luxembourg (1927–1977)source
  • 1995George W. Romney, 88, American politician and 43rd Governor of Michigan and father of Mitt Romney, heart attack.source
  • 2020Dame Olivia de Havilland, 104, French-British-American actress (Gone with the Wind, The Adventures of Robin Hood, To Each His Own), Oscar winner (1947, 1950).source