1524 CE

Atiquipaque, the most important city of the Xinca people, is conquered by the Spanish, resulting in a significant reduction in the Xinca population. The French city of Marseille is besieged by Holy Roman Empire forces commanded by the Charles III, Duke of Bourbon and lasts until September 26. Protestant theologians Martin Luther and Andreas Karlstadt dispute at Jena.

In the 1520s, the 16th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • September 1 – By the Treaty of Malmö signed on Sweden withdraws from the Kalmar Union with Denmark, Norway and Sweden.source
  • 11 September – Treaty of Malmö signed with Denmark–Norway, ending the Swedish War of Liberation.Swedensource
  • September 23 – The Bundesbrief is adopted by the members of the Three Leagues of Switzerland (the League of God's House, the League of the Ten Jurisdictions, and the Grey League) as a common constitution.source
  • November 15 – The Treaty of Tordesillas is signed between representatives of Honoré I, Lord of Monaco and of King Charles of Spain, and places Monaco under the protection of Spain.source
  • Formation of the Franco-Polish allianceFrancesource
  • Vasco da Gama begins and end his governorship of Portuguese India (September to December)Indiasource

Conflict & Security

  • March 7 – Spanish conquistador Pedro de Alvarado destroys the Kʼicheʼ kingdom of Qʼumarkaj, taking the capital, Quiché.source
  • April 30 – Battle of the Sesia: Spanish forces under Charles de Lannoy defeat the French army in Italy, under William de Bonnivet. The French, now commanded by François de St. Pol, withdraw from the Italian Peninsula.source
  • May 23 – Tahmasp I becomes the ruler of the Safavid Empire, following the death of his father, Shah Ismail I.source
  • May 26 – Atiquipaque, the most important city of the Xinca people, is conquered by the Spanish, resulting in a significant reduction in the Xinca population.source
  • June 8 – Battle of Acajutla: Spanish conquistador Pedro de Alvarado defeats a battalion of Pipiles, in the neighborhoods of present day Acajutla, El Salvador.source
  • August 20 – The French city of Marseille is besieged by Holy Roman Empire forces commanded by the Charles III, Duke of Bourbon and lasts until September 26.source
  • October 28 – A French army invading Italy, under King Francis, besieges Pavia, months before the Battle of Pavia.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • January 17 – Florentine explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano, on board La Dauphine in the service of Francis I of France, sets out from Madeira for the New World, to seek out a western sea route to the Pacific Ocean.source
  • March 21 – da Verrazzano's expedition makes landfall at Cape Fear at what is later the U.S. state of North Carolina.source
  • April 17 – Verrazzano's expedition makes the first European entry into New York Bay, and sights the island of Manhattan.source
  • July 8 – Verrazzano's expedition returns to Dieppe.source
  • September 13 – Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro, Hernando de Luque and Diego de Almagro all set off on the first of three expeditions to conquer Peru, taking along 80 men and 40 horses, but the venture is halted in Colombia.source
  • December 8 – Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba founds the city of Granada, Nicaragua, the oldest Hispanic city in the mainland America.source
  • Duarte de Menezes finishes his governorship of Portuguese India (since 1522)Indiasource

Religion & Belief

  • August 22 – Protestant theologians Martin Luther and Andreas Karlstadt dispute at Jena.source
  • August 24 – German Peasants' War: Hans Müller von Bulgenbach gathered peasants in Stühlingen and formed the "Evangelical Brotherhood", pledging to emancipate peasants across Germany. An revolt spread in southwestern Germany.source

Culture & Society

  • June – Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare was exonerated in a Royal inquiry at Christ Church, Dublin.Irelandsource
  • August 5 – Two days before his coronation in Denmark, Frederick I is elected King of Norway.source
  • August 7 – The coronation of Frederick I of Denmark takes place in Copenhagen.source

Births

Deaths

  • January 5 – Marko Marulić, Croatian poet (born 1450)source
  • February 11 – Isabella of Aragon, Duchess of Milan, daughter of King Alfonso II of Naples (born 1470)source
  • February 20 – Tecun Uman, the K'iche' Maya ruler of Guatemala's highlands, is killed in a battle near Quetzaltenango between the K'iche' Maya people and the invading Spanish conquistadors led by Pedro Alvarado.source
  • February 20 – Tecun Uman, Kʼicheʼ Mayan ruler (born c. 1500)source
  • 24 March – Ingrid Persdotter, potentially fictitious nun famed for her love lettersSwedensource
  • April 30 – Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard, French soldier (born 1473)source
  • April 30 – Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard, soldier (born 1473)Francesource
  • May 21 – Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, English soldier and statesman (born 1443)source
  • May 23 – Ismail I, Safavid dynasty Shah of Persia (born 1487)source
  • May 31 – Camilla Battista da Varano, Italian Roman Catholic nun and saint (born 1458)source
  • June 12 – Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, Spanish conquistador (born 1465)source
  • July 20 – Claude of France, queen consort of Francis I of France (born 1499)source
  • July 20 – Claude of France, Queen of France, the first wife of Francis I (born 1499).Francesource
  • September 5 – Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama arrives on the island of Goa to become the new Viceroy of Portuguese India but dies three months later.source
  • September 18 – Charlotte of France, princess (born 1516)Francesource
  • October 20 – Thomas Linacre, English humanist and physician (born 1460)source
  • November 1 – John Fleming, 2nd Lord Fleming, Lord Chancellor of Scotland since 1517, is assassinated by John Tweedie of Drummelzier (chief of Clan Tweedie) and others.source
  • December 24 – Vasco da Gama, Portuguese explorer (born c. 1469)source