/year

October 5 in history

224 sourced entries recorded on October 5, from 456 CE to 2023 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 456The Visigoths under King Theodoric II, acting on orders of Avitus, invade Spain with an army of Burgundians, Franks and Goths, led by their kings Chilperic I and Gondioc. They defeat the Suebi under King Rechiar on the Urbicus River, near Astorga (Gallaecia); this shatters the power of the Suebi.source
  • 649The Lateran Council of 649, summoned by Theodore and carried forward by Martin, opens. It strongly condemns Monothelitism and the Type of Constans.source
  • 710Pope Constantine departs for a year-long visit to Constantinople. He will be the last pontiff to visit the capital for more than a thousand years.source
  • 816King Louis the Pious (son of Charlemagne) is crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, by Pope Stephen IV at Reims. He also crowns the emperor's wife Ermengarde as Holy Roman Empress. The ceremony in Reims re-establishes the principle of papal supremacy, by recognising the importance of the pope in imperial coronations. Louis gives the pope many gifts, including the estate tax Vendeuvre, near Troyes (Northern France).source
  • 869The Fourth Council of Constantinople, called by Basil I and Pope Adrian II, opens. The council will condemn Photius I and depose him as patriarch, reinstating his predecessor Ignatios.source
  • 1111October 5 – 18-year-old Baldwin VII succeeds his father, Robert II, as Count of Flanders until 1119.source
  • 1143Treaty of Zamora: The Kingdom of Portugal is recognized by King Alfonso VII ("the Emperor") of León and Castile in the presence of his cousin, King Afonso I of Portugal and papal representatives.source
  • 1147October 4–5 – Louis VII arrives at Constantinople and joins with forces from Savoy under Amadeus III (his uncle) – who have taken the land route through Italy. Louis crosses the Bosporus, and leads the French crusader army into Asia Minor – where he hears in Nicaea of Conrad's defeat at the end of October. Louis sends a military escort for Conrad and agrees to rendezvous at Lopardium. The German crusaders under Otto of Freising follow the coastal road before turning inland, up the Gediz River valley to Philadelphia. Otto's force is ambushed by the Seljuk Turks, just outside Laodicea, losing many men killed or taken prisoner. Otto and the survivors struggle on to Adalia, from where they sail for the Holy Land. Others attempt to continue along the southern coast of Anatolia.source
  • 1214Upon the death of their father, King Alfonso VIII of Castile ("the Noble"), and of their mother, Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile on October 31, Berenguela becomes regent of her 10-year-old brother, Henry I.source
  • 1244Innocent IV flees to France and travels to Lyon, where he arrives on November 29. Although the city is nominally subject to the Holy Roman Empire, Innocent falls under the protection of Louis IX.source
  • 1301(Shoan, 22nd day of the 8th month) Hojo Morotoki becomes the 10th regent for the Kamakura shogunate of Japan.source
  • 1304Treaty of Treviso: After a dispute over salt works, the Italian commune of Padua and Venice sign a peace treaty, ending the Salt War. Venice establishes a salt monopoly and sells salt rights to merchants.source
  • 1338Hundred Years' War, English Channel naval campaign: Southampton is destroyed.source
  • 1355December 2 – Hundred Years' War: Black Prince's chevauchée of 1355 – A large mounted Anglo-Gascon force under the command of Edward the Black Prince marches from Bordeaux in English-held Gascony 300 miles (480 km) south to Narbonne and back, devastating a wide swathe of French territory.source
  • 1392(16 Dhu al-Qadah 794 AH) Muhammed VII succeeds his father, Yusuf II, as Sultan of the Emirate of Granada (modern-day southern Spain).source
  • 1405Christine de Pizan writes a letter to Queen Isabeau, urging her to intervene in the political struggle between the dukes of Burgundy and Orléans.source
  • 1407A group of high officials of the former Vietnamese government are put on trial before China's Emperor Cheng Zu at Nanjing, and charged with treason for killing the previous Vietnamese ruler. Most of the prisoners are executed.source
  • 1412October 5 (29th day of 8th month Ōei 19) – Emperor Go-Komatsu abdicates, and Emperor Shoko accedes to the throne of Japan.source
  • 1417King Henry V of England summons the English Parliament to assemble on November 16.source
  • 1433(7th day of 9th month of the year Quy Suu); In Hanoi (at the time Dong Kinh) 9-year-old Le Thai Tong becomes the new King of Dai Viet and ruler of northern Vietnam upon the death of his father, Le Loi.source
  • 1437The Portuguese, reinforced with better equipment and having routed the Moroccans two days earlier, make a second assault on Tangier and fail.source
  • 1446The compromise proposed by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III with Pope Eugene IV is publicly endorsed by the Elector of Mainz, the Elector of Brandenburg, the Margrave of Ansbach, the Margrave Jakob I of Baden, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, the Archbishop of Salzburg, the and the Bishops of Augsburg, Chiemsee, Bamberg, Passau, Constanz and Chur.source
  • 1450Jews are expelled from Lower Bavaria, by order of Duke Ludwig IX.source
  • 1455Threatened with an invasion by the Ottoman Empire, the Principality of Moldavia sends its first tribute to the Ottoman Sultan, paying 2,000 ducats (equivalent to 6.99 kg of gold) in response to an ultimatum.source
  • 1464An intelligence report sent by a Venetian agent in Bruges to the Seignory of Venice reports that the death rate in London from the plague has reached 200 people per day, only nine days after the first case was discovered.source
  • 1465The Treaty of Conflans is signed between King Louis XI of France and the Count of Charolais.source
  • 1465Louis XI signs the Treaty of Conflans granting concessions to his opponentssource
  • 1527French and Venetian troops kill thousands of civilians in the Italian city of Pavia, even after the defenders agree to surrender.source
  • 1549Sir Thomas Smith is replaced by Ambassador Nicholas Wotton as the second Secretary of State of England, primarily in charge of England's foreign affairs. Wotton serves for less than a year before being dispatched by King Edward VI back to France.source
  • 1568William the Silent invades the southeastern Netherlands.source
  • 1579At Banda Aceh, on the island of Sumatra in what is now Indonesia, Alauddin Mansur Syah becomes the new Sultan of Aceh upon the death of Sultan Zainul Abidin.source
  • 1592Siege of Jinju: The Korean navy is victorious over the Japanese.source
  • 1600a proxy Marriage between king Henry IV and Marie de Medici was held in Florence.source
  • 1634The grand wedding of Christian, Prince-Elect of Denmark and Magdalene Sibylle of Saxony is celebrated in Copenhagen.source
  • 1665Kiel University is founded in the Duchy of Holstein.source
  • 1668October 5 (September 25 O.S.) – The English blockade of the Moroccan port of Salé begins as HMS Garland and HMS Francis retaliate for raids from the port by the Barbary pirates. The blockade lasts for 10 days.source
  • 1675The Pocomtuc tribe attacks and destroys the English settlement at Springfield, Massachusetts.source
  • 1692the first meeting of the Parliament of Ireland under William III is held. This is the first time it has met for 26 years (apart from the Patriot Parliament of 1689). It passes An Act of Recognition of their Majesties undoubted Right to the Crown of Ireland.source
  • 1709last Scottish coinage issued by a mint in Scotland, at Edinburgh.source
  • 1710October 5 – October 13 - British forces under Francis Nicholson conduct the successful Siege of Port Royal against a French Acadian garrison and the Wabanaki Confederacy at the Acadian capital, Port Royal, marking the start of British control of what became Nova Scotia.source
  • 1726Grigore II Ghica becomes the Prince of Moldavia for the first time after Mihai Racoviță steps aside.source
  • 1729After seven days of battle, the Persians under Nader Khan Afshar make a daring attack through the center of the Emir Ashraf's battalions, killing 12,000 of the Afghans and forcing the remainder to flee, bringing an end to the Battle of Damghan.source
  • 1733The election of Augustus III, to succeed his father as King of Poland, sparks the War of the Polish Succession.source
  • 1742Pennsylvania's Colonial Governor George Thomas bars citizens from settling in Lancaster County, or west of the Blue Mountains.source
  • 1742Pedro Cebrian y Agustin, Count of Fuenclara, arrives at Veracruz to become the new Spanish Viceroy of New Spain.source
  • 1750Treaty of Madrid: Spain and Great Britain sign a treaty temporarily eliminating their hostility over their colonies in North and South America. In addition to both sides dropping their claims for damages against each other, Spain agrees to pay the South Sea Company £100,000 for damage claims.source
  • 1750Treaty of Madrid, a commercial treaty with Spain, is signed.source
  • 1751the title Earl of Upper Ossory is created in the Peerage of Ireland in favour of John FitzPatrick, 2nd Baron Gowran.source
  • 1760The wedding of Princess Isabella of Parma and Prince Joseph of Austria takes place at Hofburg Palace's Redoute Hall (Redoutensaele), at the former imperial palace in Vienna.source
  • 1761Pitt resigns as Secretary of State for the Southern Department. The Tory The Earl of Bute forms a new administration.source
  • 1761William Pitt is dismissed from his position as Secretary of State for the Southern Department after having been a powerful part of a coalition government with the Prime Minister, the Duke of Newcastle.source
  • 1762September 24–October 6 – Battle of Manila: Troops of the British East India Company take Manila from the Spanish, leading to the British occupation of Manila and its being made an open port.source
  • 1762Orfeo ed Euridice by Cristoph Willibald Gluck was given its first performance.source
  • 1785Vincenzo Lunardi of Italy becomes the first person to pilot a balloon over Scotland.source
  • 1785flight by Florentine aeronaut Vincenzo Lunardi in a gas balloon from George Heriot's School, Edinburgh, across the Firth of Forth to Ceres, Fife (32 mi (51.5 km) in 1.5 hrs).source
  • 1789The first ship built in the colony, Rose Hill Packet, begins service on the Parramatta River.source
  • 1789Women's March on Versailles: Some 7,000 women march 12 mi from Paris to the royal Palace of Versailles to demand action over high bread prices.source
  • 1793War of the First Coalition: Raid on Genoa – The British Royal Navy boards and captures French warships, sheltering in the neutral port of Genoa.source
  • 1795October 5 – 13 Vendémiaire: Royalist riots in Paris are crushed by troops under Paul Barras and newly-reinstalled artillery officer Napoleon Bonaparte.source
  • 1804Action of 5 October 1804: War between Spain and the United Kingdom is triggered by the battle between four British warships (Indefatigable, Medusa, Amphion and Lively) and four Spanish frigates (Medee, Fama, Clara and Mercedes), all carrying treasure and merchandise. Captain Graham Moore of Indefatigable informs Spanish Admiral Jose Bustamante of his orders to detain the treasure-laden ships and, "not receiving a satisfactory answer, an Action commenced"; La Mercedes is sunk and the other three ships surrender.source
  • 1813The Battle of Moraviantown, also known as the Battle of the Thames, is an American victory. British supporter and Shawnee Indian Chief Tecumseh is killed.source
  • 1814The Royalist forces enter Santiago. Begins the mass exodus of patriots towards Mendoza.source
  • 1818Claudine Thévenet (known as Mary of St. Ignatius) founds the Roman Catholic order Religious of Jesus and Mary in Lyon, France.source
  • 1818Claudine Thévenet (known as Mary of St. Ignatius) founds the Roman Catholic order Religieuses de Jésus-Marie ("Religious of Jesus And Mary") in Lyon.source
  • 1823The Lancet medical journal is founded by Thomas Wakley in London.source
  • 1838Killough massacre, believed to be both the largest and last Native American attack on white settlers in East Texas. 18 casualties are either killed or carried away.source
  • 1842Josef Groll brews the first pilsner light lager beer in the city of Pilsen, Bohemia (the modern-day Czech Republic).source
  • 1847Liberian general election, 1847source
  • 1853October 4–5 – Crimean War: The Ottoman Empire begins war with Russia.source
  • 1858The Vale of Clwyd Railway, built by David Davies Llandinam, is opened.source
  • 1860Austria, Britain, France, Prussia and the Ottoman Empire form a commission to investigate the causes of the massacres of Maronite Christians, committed by Druzes in Lebanon earlier in the year.source
  • 1863The Brooklyn, Bath and Coney Island Rail Road starts operations in Brooklyn, New York, making it the oldest right-of-way on the New York City Subway, the largest rapid transit system in the United States, and one of the largest in the world.source
  • 1863The Brooklyn, Bath and Coney Island Rail Road starts operations in Brooklyn, New York; this is now the oldest right-of-way on the New York City Subway, the largest rapid transit system in the United States and one of the largest in the world.source
  • 1864A cyclone kills 70,000 people in and around Calcutta in India.source
  • 1871Den Danske Landmandsbank, Hypothek- og Vexelbank i Kjøbenhavn, present-day Danske Bank, is founded.source
  • 1871The Società degli Spettroscopisti Italiani (laterSocietà Astronomica Italiana) is established in Rome, the first scientific organisation in the world dedicated to astrophysics.source
  • 1872The Poverty Bay Standard begins publishing as a weekly newspaper in the Gisborne area. It increased its frequency over the next two years to become tri-weekly. It was later called the Gisborne Standard.source
  • 1881December 31 – The International Cotton Exposition is held in Atlanta, Georgia, USA.source
  • 1881December 31 – International Cotton Exposition in Atlanta, Georgia.source
  • 1882The Society for Ethical Culture of Chicago (the modern-day Ethical Humanist Society of Chicago) is founded by Felix Adler.source
  • 1888Five sailors are drowned at Colwyn Bay while returning to their ship by boat.source
  • 1892the Australian Cricket Council announces an intercolonial cricket competition to be known as the Sheffield Shield.source
  • 1892Master criminal Adam Worth is captured in Liège, Belgium, during an attempted robbery of a money delivery cart.source
  • 1892The Dalton Gang, attempting to rob two banks in Coffeyville, Kansas, is shot by the townspeople; only Emmett Dalton, with 23 wounds, survives, to spend 14 years in prison.source
  • 1897After a long siege, Brazilian government troops take Canudos in north Brazil, crushing Antônio Conselheiro and his followers.source
  • 1898At the Battle of Sugar Point in the Indian Wars, some Pillager Band of Chippewa Indians (a group of Ojibwe, referred to at the time as Chippewa) warriors, led by Bugonaygeshig, defeat U.S. Army infantry troops in northern Minnesota, with seven U.S. troops killed and 19 wounded. Bugonayegeshig, whom the American soldiers were sent to capture, escapes and is never apprehended.source
  • 1903October 1–13 – First modern World Series: The Boston Americans defeat the Pittsburgh Pirates in eight games.source
  • 1904Alpha Kappa Psi, a co-ed professional business fraternity, is founded on the campus of New York University.source
  • 1905The Wright brothers' third aeroplane (Wright Flyer III) stays in the air for 39 minutes with Wilbur piloting, the first aeroplane flight lasting over half an hour.source
  • 1907The SMS Dresden is launched.source
  • 1908Bulgaria declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire; Ferdinand I of Bulgaria becomes Tsar.source
  • 19105 October 1910 revolution: The First Portuguese Republic is proclaimed in Lisbon; King Manuel II of Portugal flees to England.source
  • 1910A coup d'état and proclamation of the Portuguese First Republicsource
  • 1916The Italian Government is informed of the content of the agreement signed in May between France, England and Russia for the partition of the Asian part of the Ottoman Empire. Italy advances reservations about these agreements and demands that part of Asia Minor including the Turkish provinces of Aidin (Smyrna), Konya and Adana, would be allocated to Italy as agreed in the 1915 Treaty of London.source
  • 1916September 29-October 5 – Flămânda Offensivesource
  • 1919USA General Harry Hill Bandholtz prevents the Romanian looting of the Hungarian National Museum.source
  • 1921Constitution of Liechtenstein granted by Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein, making the country a constitutional monarchy.source
  • 1921The World Series baseball game in North America is first broadcast on the radio, by Newark, New Jersey, station WJZ, Pittsburgh station KDKA, and a group of other commercial and amateur stations throughout the eastern United States.source
  • 1925October 5–16 – The Locarno Treaties are negotiated.source
  • 1930British airship R101, the world's largest flying craft, crashes in France en route to India, on its first overseas flight, resulting in the loss of 48 lives, with six survivors. Those killed include Britain's Air Minister, Christopher Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson.source
  • 1930British airship R101 crashes in France en route to India on its maiden overseas voyage killing 48 of the 54 on board.source
  • 1931American aviators Clyde Edward Pangborn and Hugh Herndon Jr., complete the first non-stop flight across the Pacific Ocean, flying their plane, Miss Veedol, from Misawa, Japan, to East Wenatchee, Washington, in 41½ hours.source
  • 1937October 2–8 – Parsley Massacre: Under the orders of President Rafael Trujillo, Dominican troops kill thousands of Haitians living in the Dominican Republic.source
  • 1937Roosevelt gives his famous Quarantine Speech in Chicago.source
  • 1938Edvard Beneš, president of Czechoslovakia, resigns.source
  • 1938Nuremberg Laws: In Nazi Germany, Jews' passports are invalidated, and those who need a passport for emigration purposes are given one marked with the letter J ("Jude" – "Jew").source
  • 1941The Holocaust: In Berdychiv (Ukraine), 20–30,000 Jews are shot dead.source
  • 1947President Harry S. Truman delivers the first televised White House address, speaking on the world food crises.source
  • 1948The International Union for the Protection of Nature (later known as the International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN) is established in Fontainebleau, France.source
  • 1951October 3–8 – Korean War: First Battle of Maryang-san – United Nations (primarily Australian) forces drive back the Chinese.source
  • 1953Earl Warren is appointed Chief Justice of the United States, by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.source
  • 1953The first meeting of Narcotics Anonymous is held (the first planning session was held August 17).source
  • 1955Disneyland Hotel opens to the public in Anaheim, California.source
  • 1956Cecil B. DeMille's epic film The Ten Commandments, starring Charlton Heston as Moses, is released in the United States. It will be in the top ten of the worldwide list of highest-grossing films of all time, adjusted for inflation.source
  • 1957In Valparaíso, UCV Televisión, the first Chilean television channel, begins its transmissions.source
  • 1960The Congo Peacekeeping Mission (1960–1962): Malaya sent 1,947 personnel as part of the United Nations Operation in the Congo or ONUC.source
  • 1962The French National Assembly censures the proposed referendum to sanction presidential elections by popular mandate; Prime Minister Georges Pompidou resigns, but President de Gaulle asks him to stay in office.source
  • 1962The Beatles' first single in their own right, Love Me Do, is released by Parlophone. This version was recorded on 4 September at Abbey Road Studios in London with Ringo Starr as drummer.source
  • 1964Elizabeth II and The Duke of Edinburgh begin an 8-day visit to Canada.source
  • 1964Twenty-three men and thirty-one women escape to West Berlin through a narrow tunnel under the Berlin Wall.source
  • 1966UNESCO signs the Recommendation Concerning the Status of Teachers. This event is to be celebrated as World Teachers' Day.source
  • 1966Spain closes its Gibraltar border to vehicular traffic.source
  • 1966An experimental breeder reactor at the Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station in Michigan suffers a partial meltdown when its cooling system fails.source
  • 1968A law changing the criteria for eligibility to sit in the Chamber of Deputies is passed.source
  • 1968A civil rights march in Derry, which includes several Stormont and British MPs, is batoned off the streets by the Royal Ulster Constabulary, resulting in two days of serious rioting in Derry.source
  • 1969Sazae-san first airs on Fuji Television.source
  • 1970The Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) kidnaps British trade commissioner James Cross in Montreal and demands release of all imprisoned FLQ members, beginning Quebec's October Crisis. The next day the Canadian government announces that it will not meet the demand.source
  • 1971October 4–7 – Pink Floyd record their groundbreaking film, Pink Floyd: Live at Pompeii at the Amphitheatre of Pompeii.source
  • 1971September 27–October 11 – Japanese Emperor Hirohito travels abroad.source
  • 1972The United Reformed Church in England is founded out of the Congregational and Presbyterian Churches.source
  • 1972September 30-October 7: Hurricane Joannesource
  • 1979October 1–7 – Pope John Paul II makes a six-city visit to the United States, starting in Boston.source
  • 1980The Elisabeth blast furnace is demolished at Bilston Steelworks, marking the end of iron and steel production in the Black Country region of the U.K.source
  • 1980October 4–5. Meeting of the Polish Politburo, during which a report on the scale of protests is presented. In the period July - September 1980, strikes took place in 2,000 enterprises, with 1,2 million workers participating. Several officials are removed from the Politburo,source
  • 1981Raoul Wallenberg posthumously becomes an honorary citizen of the United States.source
  • 1982Laurie Skreslet becomes the first Canadian to climb Mount Everest.source
  • 1984STS-41-G: Marc Garneau becomes the first Canadian in space, aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger.source
  • 1988Promulgation of the 1988 Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil.source
  • 1988Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet loses a national plebiscite on his rule; he relinquishes power in 1990.source
  • 1988Thousands riot in Algiers, Algeria against the National Liberation Front government; by October 10 the army has tortured and killed about 500 people in crushing the riots.source
  • 1989October 1–13 – Typhoons Angela (Rubing), Dan (Saling), and Elsie (Tasing) impact the country in two weeks.source
  • 1992The opening of Central Signal Station of Taiwan Railways Administration in Shizi Township, Pingtung County.source
  • 1993China performs a nuclear test, ending a worldwide de facto moratorium.source
  • 1993PKK killed 35 civilians in Siirt Province and Batman Provincesource
  • 1994The day after five members of the Order of the Solar Temple were found dead in Morin-Heights, Quebec, Canada, Swiss police find 48 members of the cult dead, in what was found to be a mass murder-suicide.source
  • 1994October 2 – 16 – The Philippines participates in the 1994 Asian Games held in Hiroshima, Japan from October 2 to 16, 1994. It Ranks 14th with three gold medals, two silver medals and eight bronze medals with a total of 13 over-all medals.source
  • 1995Tansu Çiller of DYP forms the new government of Turkey (51st government), a minority government which lasts for less than a month.source
  • 1995Seamus Heaney is awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.source
  • 1999Thirty-one people die in the Ladbroke Grove rail crash, west of London, England.source
  • 2000President Slobodan Milošević leaves office after widespread demonstrations throughout Serbia and the withdrawal of Russian support.source
  • 2000Mass demonstrations in Belgrade lead to resignation of Yugoslavia's president Slobodan Milošević.source
  • 20022002 Bosnian general election took place.source
  • 2003Israeli warplanes strike alleged Islamic jihad bases inside Syrian territory, the first Israeli attack on the country since the 1973 Yom Kippur War.source
  • 2010President Wade dismisses Samuel Sarr from his role as energy minister following a week of protests over a power cut. Sarr is replaced with Wade's son.source
  • 2010October 3–14 – 2010 Commonwealth Games takes place in Delhi, India.source
  • 2016The railway line with Djibouti opens. However, an American women is killed during protests.source
  • 2018János Volner expelled from Jobbik. Erik Fülöp and István Apáti also leaves.source
  • 2021Roscosmos launches the Soyuz MS-19 mission, which carries an Expedition 66 crewmember and two Channel One Russia personnel to the International Space Station. The two Channel One crew will perform principal photography on the film Vyzov aboard the station.source
  • 2021Microsoft releases the desktop operating system Windows 11.source
  • 2022OPEC+ imposes a production cut of up to 2 million barrels per day.source
  • 2023November 19 – The 2023 Cricket World Cup is held in India, with Australia defeating India in the final.source

Births

  • 1274Al-Dhahabi, Syrian scholar and encyclopedist (died 1348)source
  • 1338Alexios III of Trebizond (died 1390)source
  • 1422Catherine, Princess of Asturias, Spanish royal (died 1424)source
  • 1487Ludwig of Hanau-Lichtenberg, German nobleman (died 1553)source
  • 1524Rani Durgavati, Queen of Gond (died 1564)source
  • 1524Rani Durgavati (died 1564)source
  • 1546Rudolph Snellius, Dutch linguist and mathematician (died 1613)source
  • 1609Paul Fleming, German physician and poet (died 1640)source
  • 1641Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart, mistress of Louis XIV (died 1707)source
  • 1658Mary of Modena, queen of James II of England (died 1718)source
  • 1658Mary of Modena, queen of King James II (died 1718)source
  • 1695John Glas, Scottish theologian (died 1773)source
  • 1703Jonathan Edwards, North American revivalist preacher (died 1758)source
  • 1713Denis Diderot, French philosopher (died 1784)source
  • 1728Chevalière d'Éon, French diplomat, spy, soldier and trans individual (died 1810)source
  • 1732Lloyd Kenyon, 1st Baron Kenyon, lawyer and politician (died 1802)source
  • 1781Bernard Bolzano, Czech philosopher and mathematician (died 1848)source
  • 1804Robert Campbell, politician (died 1859)source
  • 1829Chester A. Arthur, 21st President of the United States (died 1886)source
  • 1875Mostowfi ol-Mamalek, Iranian politician.source
  • 1882Robert H. Goddard, American rocket scientist (died 1945)source
  • 1883Joseph Hubert Priestley, British botanist (died 1944)source
  • 1894Abolhassan Sadighi, Iranian sculptor and painter.source
  • 1936Václav Havel, Czech playwright, writer and politician, 10th President of Czechoslovakia and 1st President of the Czech Republic (died 2011)source
  • 1952Imran Khan, former Prime Minister of Pakistan and cricketersource
  • 1976Ramzan Kadyrov, Head of the Chechen Republicsource

Deaths

  • 578Emperor Justin II dies after several periods of insanity. On the advice of his wife Sophia, he has raised his general Tiberius to the rank of co-emperor (Caesar). From December 574 he has ruled jointly with Sophia, and now succeeds them as emperor of the Byzantine Empire.source
  • 578Justin II, Byzantine emperorsource
  • 610Phocas, Byzantine emperorsource
  • 785Ōtomo no Yakamochi, Japanese statesman and poet, Shōgunsource
  • 989Henry III, duke of Bavaria (born 940)source
  • 1056Henry III ("the Black"), Holy Roman Emperor (born 1017)source
  • 1056Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor ("the Black") dies after a 10-year reign at Bodfeld, an imperial hunting lodge (Königspfalz) in the Harz Mountains. He is succeeded by his 5-year-old only son Henry IV as "king of the Germans" and enthroned by Pope Victor II (also a German) at Aachen – while his mother, Empress Agnes of Poitou, becomes co-regent.source
  • 1101Uicheon, Korean Buddhist monk (born 1055)source
  • 1111Robert II, Count of Flanders, died in battle (born 1065)source
  • 1112Sigebert of Gembloux, French chroniclersource
  • 1131Frederick I, German archbishopsource
  • 1214Alfonso VIII ("the Noble"), king of Castile (born 1155)source
  • 1225Caliph Al-Nasir dies from dysentery at Baghdad after a 45-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Al-Zahir as ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate.source
  • 1225Al-Nasir, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (born 1158)source
  • 1249Abu Zakariya Yahya, Hafsid ruler (born 1203)source
  • 1262Teruko, Japanese princess and empress (born 1224)source
  • 1285Philip III, king of France (House of Capet) (born 1245)source
  • 1308Guy II de la Roche, Duchy of Athens, dies at the age of 28, bringing an end to the de la Roche dynasty. He is succeeded by his cousin, Walter V, Count of Brienne.source
  • 1354Giovanni Visconti, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (born 1290)source
  • 1398Blanche of Navarre, Queen of France (born 1333)source
  • 1399Raymond of Capua, Italian Dominic friar and venerated Christian (born 1330)source
  • 1491Jean Balue, French cardinal and statesman (born c. 1421)source
  • 1512Sophia Jagiellon, Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Polish princess (born 1464)source
  • 1528Richard Foxe, English churchman (born c. 1448)source
  • 1557October 5 or October 6 – Kamran Mirza, Mughal prince (born 1509)source
  • 1595Faizi, Malik-ush-Shu'ara (poet laureate) of Akbar's Court. (born 1547)source
  • 1615The Spánverjavígin, the last massacre to be carried out in Iceland, begins as 14 Basque Whalers from Spain are murdered at Thingeyri while sleeping. Another 18 are killed on October 13, including Captain Martín de Villafranca. The 31 had been survivors of a shipwreck on Iceland in September.source
  • 1629Heribert Rosweyde, Dutch Jesuit hagiographer (born 1569)source
  • 1678Hedevig Ulfeldt, daughter of king Christian IV (born 1626)source
  • 1763Augustus, Elector of Saxony, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (born 1696)source
  • 1805Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, British general (born 1738)source
  • 1813War of 1812 – Battle of the Thames in Upper Canada: William Henry Harrison defeats the British, and native leader Tecumseh is killed in battle.source
  • 1813Tecumseh, Native American (Shawnee) leader (born 1768)source
  • 1880Jacques Offenbach, German-born French composer (born 1819)source
  • 1941Louis Brandeis, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (born 1856)source
  • 2011Steve Jobs, 56, American computer entrepreneur and inventor, co-founder of Apple Inc., pancreatic cancer.source
  • 20192019 Iraqi protests: 91 people are killed by police during a week of demonstrations in Iraq.source