/year

January 5 in history

224 sourced entries recorded on January 5, from 62 BCE to 2023 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 62 BCEThe forces of the conspirator Catiline are defeated by the loyal Roman armies of Antonius Hybrida led by Marcus Petreius in the Battle of Pistoria.source
  • 269Pope Felix I succeeds Dionysius as the 26th pope of Rome.source
  • 675In Japan, a platform to observe the stars for astrologers is erected for the first time.source
  • 924The monastery of San Martín de Albelda is founded in the Kingdom of Navarre in what is now the city of Albelda de Iregua in Spain, by orders of King Sancho Garcés I and Toda Aznárez, monarchs of Navarre, to celebrate the previous year's recapture of the cities of Nájera and Viguera.source
  • 925Gabellus becomes the first abbot of the monsastery of San Martín de Albelda in the Spanish kingdom of Navarre.source
  • 1142Emperor Sutoku abdicates the throne after a 19-year reign and becomes a monk. He is succeeded by his 3-year-old brother Konoe, who accedes as the 76th emperor of Japan.source
  • 1161Canonization of Edward the Confessor (died 1066) in England.source
  • 1320Henry III, Count of Gorizia, arrives in Padua as the Imperial Vicar with a large army, promising protection to the Italian city state.source
  • 1371Six days after his election to lead the Roman Catholic Church, Pierre Roger de Beaufort is crowned as Pope Gregory XI. The coronation is performed by the protodeacon Rinaldo Orsini at the Avignon Cathedral.source
  • 1387John I succeeds his father, Peter IV, as King of Aragon and Valencia, and forms an alliance with France and Castile.source
  • 1403In what is now Myanmar, peace negotiations begin between King Razadarit of Hanthawaddy at his capital Pegu, with the emissaries of Minkhaung I, ruler of the Kingdom of Ava, 10 days after the Ava forces defeated Razadarit's army at the Battle of Nawin.source
  • 1463French poet François Villon receives a reprieve from death by hanging, and is banished from Paris (his further life is undocumented).source
  • 1477At the Battle of Nancy in France, Charles the Bold of Duke of Burgundy, who had begun the siege of the capital of the Duchy of Lorraine on October 22, is forced to retreat from a larger force of troops from Lorraine, Alsace and the Swiss Army. During the retreat, the Burgundians pursued and then surrounded by the Swiss. Charles is struck in the head by a halberd and killed, while most of the Burgundian troops are slaughtered. The defeat brings an end to the Burgundian Wars.source
  • 1494December 31 – January 6: peaceful French entry into Rome with Pope Alexander VI's permission, but some French looting takes place.source
  • 1500Duke Ludovico Sforza recaptures Milan, but is soon driven out again by the French.source
  • 1500Duke Ludovico Sforza recaptures Milan from the French, but is soon driven out by the French.source
  • 1527Felix Manz, co-founder of the Swiss Anabaptists, is drowned in the Limmat in Zürich by the Zürich Reformed state church.source
  • 1530Strasbourg joins the Christliches Burgrecht, the Protestant alliance of Swiss cities.source
  • 1548Abu al-Abbas Ahmad III, ruler of the Hafsid Sultanate in what is now Tunisia in northern Africa, renews the 1547 treaty of friendship with Spain that had been signed by representatives of his father.source
  • 1554A great fire breaks out in Eindhoven, Netherlands.source
  • 1589The reign of Catherine de' Medici as Countess of Auvergne ends after 64 years and she is succeeded by her grandson, Charles de Valois.source
  • 1617Pocahontas and Tomocomo of the Powhatan Algonquian tribe, in the Virginia colony of America, meet King James I of England as his guests, at the Banqueting House at Whitehall.source
  • 1617The Mad Lover, a play by John Fletcher, is given its first performance.source
  • 1630A team of Portuguese military advisers to China's Ming dynasty government arrive at Zhuozhou. Led by Gonçalo Teixeira Corrêa, and accompanied by interpreter João Rodrigues, the group begins training the troops of Governor Sun Yuanhua in using modern cannons.source
  • 1637Pierre Corneille's tragicomedy Le Cid is first performed, in Paris, France.source
  • 1640Parliament fixes a quorum of 40 for its proceedings to be transacted.source
  • 1646The English House of Commons approves a bill to provide for Ireland to be governed by a single Englishman.source
  • 1650Governor General Leopold William issues decree for the conservation of Nieppe Forestsource
  • 1655Emperor Go-Sai ascends to the throne of Japan.source
  • 1656The First War of Villmergen, a civil war in the Confederation of Switzerland pitting its Protestant and Roman Catholic cantons against each other, breaks out but is resolved by March 7. The Lutheran cantons of the larger cities of Zurich, Bern and Schaffhausen battle against seven Catholic cantons of Lucerne, Schwyz, Uri, Zug, Baden Unterwalden (now Obwalden and Nidwalden) and St. Gallen.source
  • 1664Battle of Surat in India: The Maratha leader, Chhatrapati Shivaji, defeats the Mughal Army Captain Inayat Khan, and sacks Surat.source
  • 1665The Journal des sçavans begins publication as the first scientific journal in France.source
  • 1665The Journal des sçavans begins publication, the world's first scientific journal.source
  • 1671The Battle of Salher is fought in India as the first major confrontation between the Maratha Empire and the Mughal Empire, with the Maratha Army of 40,000 infantry and cavalry under the command of General Prataprao Gujar defeating a larger Mughal force led by General Diler Khan.source
  • 1675Franco-Dutch War – Battle of Turckheim: The French defeat Austria and Brandenburg.source
  • 1683The Brandenburger-African Company, of the German state of Brandenburg, signs a treaty with representatives of the Ahanta tribe (in modern-day Ghana), to establish the fort and settlement of Groß Friedrichsburg, in honor of Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg. The location is later renamed Princes Town, also called Pokesu.source
  • 1684King Charles II of England gives the title Duke of St Albans to Charles Beauclerk, his illegitimate son by Nell Gwyn.source
  • 1684Charles II gives the title Duke of St Albans to Charles Beauclerk, his illegitimate son by Nell Gwyn.source
  • 1684The earliest form of what is now the University of Tokyo (formally chartered in 1877), the Tenmongata, is established in Japan.source
  • 1688Pirates Charles Swan and William Dampier and the crew of the privateer Cygnet become the first Englishmen to set foot on the continent of Australia.source
  • 1699A violent earthquake damages the city of Batavia on the Indonesian island of Java, killing at least 28 people.source
  • 1700Moffat schoolteacher Robert Carmichael is scourged through the streets of Edinburgh and banished for killing a pupil during punishment for misbehaviour.source
  • 1728The Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Gerónimo de la Habana, the oldest university in Cuba, is founded in Havana.source
  • 1737Spain and the Holy Roman Empire sign instruments of cession at Pontremoli in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in Italy, with the Empire receiving control of Tuscany and the Grand Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, in return for Don Carlos of Spain being recognized as King of Naples and King of Sicily.source
  • 1749James Wolfe is promoted to major in Peyton's Regiment of Foot, at this time stationed in Glasgow.source
  • 1756An article appears in The New York Mercury, criticising the work of Lewis Evans in identifying boundaries in his General Map of the Middle British Colonies in America.source
  • 1757Robert-François Damiens makes an unsuccessful assassination attempt on Louis XV of France, who is slightly wounded by the knife attack. Damiens is executed on March 28.source
  • 17625 January–12 February – Invasion of Martinique by British forcessource
  • 1762Peter III succeeds Empress Elisabeth of Russia. Peter immediately opens peace negotiations with Prussia.source
  • 1771The Great Kalmyk (Torghut Migration) is led by Ubashi Khan, from the east bank of the Lower Volga River back to the homeland of Dzungaria, at this time under Qing dynasty rule.source
  • 1775Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart finishes a Sonata for Keyboard in C.source
  • 1781American Revolutionary War: Richmond, Virginia is burned by British naval forces, led by Benedict Arnold.source
  • 1781American Revolutionary War: Richmond, Virginia, is burned by British naval forces led by Benedict Arnold.source
  • 1802Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, begins removal of the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon in Athens, claiming they are at risk of destruction during the Ottoman occupation of Greece; the first shipment departs Piraeus on board Elgin's ship, the Mentor, "with many boxes of moulds and sculptures", including three marble torsos from the Parthenon.source
  • 1802Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, begins removal of the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon in Athens, where they are at risk of destruction during the Ottoman occupation of Greece; the first shipment departs Piraeus on board Elgin's ship, the Mentor, "with many boxes of moulds and sculptures", including three marble torsos from the Parthenon.source
  • 1806The body of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, lies in state in the Painted Hall of Greenwich Hospital, London.source
  • 1808The first issue of The North Wales Gazette is printed at Bangor.source
  • 1809The Treaty of the Dardanelles, between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Ottoman Empire, is concluded.source
  • 1813The Danish state bankruptcy of 1813 occurs.source
  • 1813The heavy financial and economic burden of the Gunboat War with England takes its monetary toll: Denmark-Norway defaults on its foreign debt (Danish state bankruptcy of 1813).source
  • 1813Denmark-Norway declared bankruptcy and a new state bank, the Rigsbank, was created.source
  • 1826Irish currency assimilated to that of Great Britain under terms of the Currency Act 1825.source
  • 1827The first regatta in Australia is held, taking place in Tasmania (called at the time Van Diemen's Land), on the River Derwent at Hobart.source
  • 1827First boat regatta held on the River Derwent. On 30 April a regatta was held in Sydney.source
  • 1833The Perth Gazette and the West Australian Journal are first published by Charles Macfaullsource
  • 1836Former U.S. Representative Davy Crockett of Tennessee arrives in Texas to join the Texan fight for independence from Mexico.source
  • 1836Davy Crockett arrives in Texas, which at this time is not part of the United States.source
  • 1846The United States House of Representatives votes to stop sharing the Oregon Country with the United Kingdom.source
  • 1846The Māori language magazine, Te Karere o Nui Tireni publishes its last issue. It started in 1842. It is revived as The Maori Messenger and Te Manuhiri Tuarangi between 1849 and 1863.source
  • 1849Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Austrian army, led by Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, enters in the Hungarian capitals, Buda and Pest. The Hungarian government and parliament flee to Debrecen.source
  • 1852the troopship HMS Birkenhead boards British Army recruits at Queenstown. It has insufficient lifeboats.source
  • 1855Ramón Castilla begins his third term as President of Peru.source
  • 1855The War of Southern Queensland ends with the hanging of Dundalli.source
  • 1859January 5–21 - Revolution of 1859source
  • 1864The Transvaal Civil War ends with Paul Kruger's victory over Jan Viljoen's commando at the Crocodile River.source
  • 1865The Festiniog Railway officially opens to passengers, the first narrow gauge railway in the British Isles to do so.source
  • 1868Paraguayan War: Brazilian Army commander Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias, enters Asunción, Paraguay's capital. Some days later he declares the war is over. Nevertheless, Francisco Solano López, Paraguay's president, prepares guerrillas to fight in the countryside.source
  • 1869Scotland's second oldest professional football team, Kilmarnock F.C., is founded.source
  • 18745 January − The post of Minister for Iceland is established with Christian Sophus Klein being the first minister.source
  • 1875The Palais Garnier, one of the most famous opera houses in the world, is inaugurated as the home of the Paris Opera.source
  • 1878Russo-Turkish War: Battle of Shipka Pass IV – Russian and Bulgarian forces defeat the Ottoman Empire.source
  • 1882Charles J. Guiteau is found guilty of the assassination of James A. Garfield (President of the United States), despite an insanity defense raised by his lawyer.source
  • 1884Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera Princess Ida, a satire on feminism, premières at the Savoy Theatre, London.source
  • 1886January 5–9 – Robert Louis Stevenson's novella Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is published in New York and London.source
  • 1891A fight between the United States and Lakota people breaks out near Pine Ridge agency.source
  • 1891A fight between railway strikers and police breaks out at Motherwell, Scotland.source
  • 1891The Australian shearers' strike, that leads indirectly to the foundation of the Australian Labor Party, begins.source
  • 1891The 1891 Australian shearers' strike begins, which leads to the formation of the Australian Labor Party.source
  • 1895Dreyfus affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island (off French Guiana) on what is much later admitted to be a false charge of treason.source
  • 1896An Austrian newspaper reports Wilhelm Röntgen's discovery, last November, of a type of electromagnetic radiation, later known as X-rays.source
  • 1899The collision of a British steamer and a French steamer kills 12 people on the English Channel.source
  • 1900Dr. Henry A. Rowland of Johns Hopkins University discovers the cause of the Earth's magnetism.source
  • 1901Typhoid fever breaks out in a Seattle jail, the first of two typhoid outbreaks in the United States during the year.source
  • 1905Baroness Emma Orczy's play The Scarlet Pimpernel, the forerunner of her novel, opens at the New Theatre in London, beginning a run of 122 performances and numerous revivals.source
  • 1910Robert Svendsen set a Danish record when he reached a height of 84 during a flight at Kløvermarken in Amager.source
  • 1911Egypt's Zamalek SC is founded as a general sports and Association football club by Belgian lawyer George Merzbach as Qasr El Nile Club.source
  • 1912The Prague Conference (6th All-Russian Conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party) opens.source
  • 1915Joseph E. Carberry sets an altitude record of 11,690 ft, carrying Capt. Benjamin Delahauf Foulois as a passenger, in a fixed-wing aircraft.source
  • 1917The deadliest part of the 1916–1917 Nantou earthquakes occurred, registering at 6.2 on the Richter scale with a shallow hypocentre, killing 54 people.source
  • 1918Lloyd George claims the dissolution of Austria-Hungary is not their war aimsource
  • 19201920 United States census count begins. This becomes the first census to record a population exceeding 100 million, at 106,021,537. Because there are so many mixed-race persons and because so many Americans with some black ancestry appear white, the Census Bureau stops counting mixed-race peoples and the one-drop rule becomes the national legal standard.source
  • 1923Lithuania begins the Klaipėda Revolt to annex the Klaipėda Region (Memel Territory).source
  • 1925Nellie Tayloe Ross becomes the first female governor (Wyoming) in the United States. Fifteen days later, Miriam A. Ferguson becomes first female governor of Texas.source
  • 1929Schelde dike breached; flooding around Dendermonde.source
  • 1930The left-wing political party Mapai is founded by the merger of the Hapoel Hatzair (founded by A. D. Gordon) and the original Ahdut HaAvoda (founded in 1919 from the more moderate, right-wing of the Marxist Zionist socialist Russian party Poale Zion, led by David Ben-Gurion).source
  • 1931Third Jewish Assembly of Representatives election.source
  • 1934Eddy Pieters Graafland, football goalkeeper (died 2020)source
  • 1937Water levels begin to rise in the Ohio River in the United States, leading to the Ohio River flood of 1937, which continues into February, leaving 1 million people homeless and 385 people dead.source
  • 1937The founding of the kibbutz Sde Nahum by members of the Sadeh group from the Mikveh Israel agricultural school, as well as Jewish immigrants from Austria, Germany and Poland.source
  • 1939Pioneering U.S. aviator Amelia Earhart is officially declared dead, eighteen months after her disappearance.source
  • 1947Lakhui Chemical (락희화학), as predecessor of LG Chem was founded.source
  • 1948Warner Brothers shows the first color newsreel (Tournament of Roses Parade and the Rose Bowl Game).source
  • 1948The first Kinsey Report, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, is published.source
  • 1949Chen Cheng became a Chairperson of Taiwan Province Provincial Government.source
  • 1949President Harry S. Truman unveils his Fair Deal program.source
  • 1950Sverdlovsk plane crash: Aeroflot Lisunov Li-2 crashes in a snowstorm. All 19 aboard are killed, including almost the entire national ice hockey team (VVS Moscow) of the Soviet Air Force – 11 players, as well as a team doctor and a masseur.source
  • 19501950 Sverdlovsk air disastersource
  • 1957South African player Russell Endean becomes the first batsman to be dismissed for having handled the ball in Test cricket.source
  • 1961After the 1960 military coup, General Cemal Gürsel forms the new government of Turkey (25th government).source
  • 1961Italian sculptor Alfredo Fioravanti enters the U.S. Consulate in Rome, and confesses that he was part of the team that forged the Etruscan terracotta warriors in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.source
  • 1964In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople meet in Jerusalem.source
  • 1964Pope Paul VI arrives in Israel, marking the first visit to Israel by the head of the Roman Catholic Church.source
  • 1968Prague Spring: Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.source
  • 1969Ariana Afghan Airlines Flight 701 crashes into a house on its approach to London's Gatwick Airport, killing 50 of the 62 people on board and two of the home's occupants.source
  • 1970The 7.1 Mw Tonghai earthquake shakes Tonghai County, Yunnan province, China, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). Between 10,000 and 14,621 are killed and 30,000 injured.source
  • 1971The first ever One Day International cricket match is played between Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.source
  • 1975Tasman Bridge disaster: The Tasman Bridge in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, is struck by the bulk ore carrier MV Lake Illawarra, causing a partial collapse resulting in 12 deaths.source
  • 1976The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea.source
  • 1976The government of Democratic Kampuchea was proclaimed and constituted as a Communist People's Republic, and a 250-member Assembly of the Representatives of the People of Kampuchea (PRA) was selected in March to choose the collective leadership of a State Presidium, the chairman of which became the head of state within the CPK, the Paris-educated leadership of Saloth Sâr (Pol Pot) was in control over Cambodia which had become Southeast Asia's secretive and most isolated totalitarian country from the rest of the world after North Korea which proceeded to implement the policy of Year Zero led by Angkar and its Khmer Rouge cadres, with these relationships were based on shared Marxist-Leninist and Maoist ideology, Democratic Kampuchea had very close ties with North Korea and China, while Burma (Myanmar) recognized the government.source
  • 1976Kingsmill massacre: ten Protestant men killed in South Armagh, Northern Ireland, by members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA), using the cover name "South Armagh Republican Action Force".source
  • 1976The Archbishop of Santiago, Raúl Silva Henríquez, creates the Vicariate of Solidarity.source
  • 1977The Government intervenes in Banco Osorno and La Unión.source
  • 1978Bülent Ecevit, of CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd government).source
  • 1981For the first time since Iraq had invaded its territory in September, Iran launched a counterattack, concentrating its armies at Sousangerd. After 18 months, Iraqi forces had been driven out of Iran, which then began a drive toward capturing Iraqi territory. The war would continue until 1988.source
  • 1991Georgian troops attack Tskhinvali, the capital of South Ossetia, starting the 1991–92 South Ossetia War.source
  • 1993US$7.4 million is stolen from the Brink's Armored Car Depot in Rochester, New York, in the fifth largest robbery in U.S. history.source
  • 1993MV Braer, a Liberian-registered oil tanker, runs aground off the Scottish island of Mainland, Shetland, causing a massive oil spill.source
  • 2001In Patras, Greece, while attempting to board a ship bound for Italy, more than 20 Iraqi Kurds clashed with 15 Afghans. Eight were injured and taken to a hospital for treatment. The rest were arrested by the authorities.source
  • 2005Eris, the most massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System, is discovered by a team led by Michael E. Brown using images originally taken on October 21, 2003, at the Palomar Observatory.source
  • 2011Internet vigilante group Anonymous launches DoS attacks on government websites of Syria, Tunisia, Bahrain, Egypt, Libya, and Jordan in response to the Arab Spring protests.source
  • 20132013 Craig, Alaska earthquake: A Mw (Ms, 'Moderate') earthquake shakes Prince of Wales Island.source
  • 2014A launch of the communication satellite GSAT-14 aboard the GSLV Mk.II D5 marks the first successful flight of an Indian cryogenic rocket engine.source
  • 2015January 3–7 – A series of massacres in Baga, Nigeria and surrounding villages by Boko Haram kills more than 2,000 people.source
  • 2015A Czech archaeological team discovers the tomb of formerly unknown Ancient Egyptian queen Khentakawess III who lived during the Fifth Dynasty.source
  • 2015Introduction of separate buses for women.source
  • 2018Maduro ordered the closure of the borders with the islands of Aruba, Curaçao and Bonaire.source
  • 2018The Tbilisi City Court sentences the former President Mikheil Saakashvili to three-year imprisonment in absentia for abusing power in pardoning the former Interior Ministry officials convicted in the 2006 Sandro Girgvliani murder case. Saakashvili, the opposition United National Movement party, and the incumbent President Giorgi Margvelashvili denounce the decision.source
  • 2019Bartholomew I of Constantinople issues a formal decree granting independence to the Orthodox Church of Ukraine from the Russian Orthodox Church.source
  • 2020Second Libyan Civil War: President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announces the deployment of Turkish troops to Libya on behalf of the United Nations-backed Government of National Accord.source
  • 2021President Donald Trump announces $3.7 billion to rebuild water infrastructure. The grant covers 90% of the estimated costs of the water and wastewater improvement projects.source
  • 2022A nationwide state of emergency is declared in Kazakhstan in response to the 2022 Kazakh unrest. The cabinet of prime minister Askar Mamin resigns, while president Kassym-Jomart Tokayev removes former president Nursultan Nazarbayev, widely regarded as being the real power in the country, from his position as Chairman of the Security Council of Kazakhstan.source
  • 2023The funeral of Pope Benedict XVI is held at St. Peter's Square in the Vatican City. The funeral was attended by an estimated 50,000 people.source
  • 2023Sato Kilman orders an investigation into the Vanuatu People's Investment and Equity Fund after failing to deliver on promised financial returns.source

Births

  • 1209Richard of Cornwall, English nobleman (died 1272)source
  • 1425Henry IV of Castile (died 1474)source
  • 1548Francisco Suárez, Spanish priest, philosopher, theologian and saint (died 1617)source
  • 1576Anne Turner, English murderer (died 1615)source
  • 1592Shah Jahan, 5th Mughal Emperor of India from 1628 to 1658 (died 1666)source
  • 1592Shah Jahan, Emperor and poet (died 1666).source
  • 1614Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands (died 1662)source
  • 1620Miklós Zrínyi, Croatian military commander (died 1664)source
  • 1703James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Hamilton (died 1743)source
  • 1713Jorge Juan y Santacilia, Spanish mathematician and naval officer (died 1773)source
  • 1717William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington, English statesman (died 1793)source
  • 1723Nicole-Reine Lepaute, French astronomer, mathematician (died 1788)source
  • 1779Stephen Decatur, American naval officer (died 1820)source
  • 1779Stephen Decatur, U.S. Naval commander (died 1820)source
  • 1782Robert Morrison, British evangelist and first Protestant missionary in China (died 1834)source
  • 1790Melchor Múzquiz, 5th President of Mexico (died 1844)source
  • 1797Timothy Gilbert, piano manufacturer (died 1865)source
  • 1808Mohammad Shah Qajar, third king of Qajar dynasty, was born in Tabriz, Iran.source
  • 1855King C. Gillette, American razor inventor (died 1932)source
  • 1876Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of Germany (died 1967)source
  • 1928Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, President of Pakistan and Prime Minister of Pakistan (died 1979)source
  • 1938King Juan Carlos I of Spainsource
  • 1941Hayao Miyazaki, Japanese film director, screenwritersource
  • 1969Marilyn Manson, American rock musiciansource
  • 1972Sakis Rouvas, Greek recording, film and television artist, athlete and businessmansource
  • 1988Nikola Kalinić, footballersource

Deaths

  • 842Caliph Al-Mu'tasim dies at Samarra (modern Iraq), after an eight year reign. He is succeeded by his son Al-Wathiq, as ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate.source
  • 842Al-Mu'tasim, Muslim caliph (born 796)source
  • 941Zhang Yanhan, Chinese chancellor (born 884)source
  • 1031Gunnor, duchess consort of Normandysource
  • 1066Edward the Confessor, king of Englandsource
  • 1066Edward the Confessor dies after a 24-year reign at London. The Witenagemot (or Witan) proclaims Harold Godwinson king of England.source
  • 1113Ulrich I, Moravian ruler (House of Přemyslid)source
  • 1173Bolesław IV the Curly, duke of Polandsource
  • 1173Bolesław IV the Curly, High Duke of Poland, dies after a 27-year reign. He is succeeded by his half-brother Mieszko III the Old, and as duke of Sandomierz in Lesser Poland by Casimir II the Just.source
  • 1286Zhenjin (or Chingkim), Mongol prince (born 1243)source
  • 1382Philippa Plantagenet, Countess of Ulster (born 1355)source
  • 1430Philippa of England, queen consort of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (born 1394)source
  • 1441John II of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny, soldier (born 1392)source
  • 1465Charles I, Duke of Orléans, French poet (born 1394)source
  • 1465Charles I, Duke of Orléans, soldier and poet (born 1394)source
  • 1477Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (in battle) (born 1433)source
  • 1501John Dynham, 1st Baron Dynham, English baron and Lord High Treasurer (born 1433)source
  • 1510Pierre Carré Bishop of Orange (b.1484)source
  • 1517Francesco Raibolini, Italian painter (born c. 1450)source
  • 1524Marko Marulić, Croatian poet (born 1450)source
  • 1527Felix Manz, leader of the Swiss Anabaptists (executed) (born 1498)source
  • 1589Catherine de' Medici, queen of Henry II of France (born 1519)source
  • 1592William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, German nobleman (born 1516)source
  • 1625Simon Marius, German astronomer (born 1573)source
  • 1674Ebba Brahe, landowner and the love interest of Gustavus Adolphus (born 1596)source
  • 1713Jean Chardin, French jeweler, traveler and author (born 1643)source
  • 1740Antonio Lotti, Italian composer (born 1667)source
  • 1762Empress Elizabeth of Russia (born 1709)source
  • 1762Empress Elisabeth of Russia dies, and is succeeded by her nephew Peter III. Peter, an admirer of Frederick the Great, immediately opens peace negotiations with the Prussians.source
  • 1769Charles Sackville, 2nd Duke of Dorset, English cricketer (born 1711)source
  • 1771John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, British statesman (born 1710)source
  • 1808Alexei Grigoryevich Orlov, Russian soldier and statesman (born 1737)source
  • 1816George Prevost, British general, colonial administrator (born 1767)source
  • 1823George Johnston (born 1764), marine and Lieutenant-Governor of New South Walessource
  • 1827Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, heir-presumptive to the British throne (born 1763)source
  • 1858Joseph Radetzky von Radetz, Austrian field marshal (born 1766)source
  • 1860John Neumann, Saint and Roman Catholic Bishop of Philadelphia (born 1811)source
  • 1874Ernst Gotthelf Gersdorf, German writer and librarian (born 1804)source
  • 1922Sir Ernest Shackleton, British explorer (born 1874)source
  • 1933Calvin Coolidge, 30th President of the United States (born 1872)source
  • 1971Kuala Lumpur hit by flash floods. 22 people were killed.source
  • 1991Several officials were killed in a mortar shelling in Kaaraan neighborhood of Mogadishu, including former minister Haji Muse Boqor, Sheikh Mohamed Faruur, Hashi Weheliye Moalim and Mohamed Said Gentleman.source
  • 1994Igor Boelza, music historian and composersource
  • 2011Malangatana Ngwenya, paintersource
  • 2018Asghar Khan, 96, Pakistani politician and military officer, Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force (1957–1965).source