/year

April 30 in history

232 sourced entries recorded on April 30, from 65 CE to 2024 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 311On his deathbed, Emperor Galerius declares religious freedom and issues the Edict of Serdica, ending the Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the eastern half of the Roman Empire.source
  • 535King Theodahad revenges himself upon Queen Amalasuintha. He has her taken from the capital of Ravenna to a small island on Lake Bolsena, where she is strangled in her bath.source
  • 642Chindasuinth, a Gothic warlord (already 79 years old), commences a rebellion and deposes King Tulga in Toledo, Spain. He is proclaimed king by the Visigothic nobility and anointed by the bishops. Tulga is tonsured and sent out to live his days in a monastery.source
  • 781Emperor Kōnin of Japan abdicates the throne after an 11-year reign, in favour of his half-Korean son, Kanmu.source
  • 1006The brightest supernova ever recorded, SN 1006, occurs in the constellation of Lupus. It is observed and described in China, Japan, Iraq, Egypt, and Europe and possibly depicted in North American rock art. Modern astronomers now consider its distance at about 7,200 light-years. The supernova provides enough light to read by on a night with a dark moon.source
  • 1230English invasion of France: King Henry III embarks from Portsmouth with a large expeditionary force. On May 2, he arrives on the island of Guernsey, and the next day the English army lands at Saint-Malo, where Peter I (de Dreux), duke of Brittany, meets Henry to pay him homage. The English forces march through the County of Anjou, taking the castle of Mirebeau in late July.source
  • 1250King Louis IX (the Saint) is released by his Egyptian captors after paying a ransom of one million dinars and turning over the city of Damietta.source
  • 1300Thomas of Corbridge consecrated by Pope Boniface VIII as Archbishop of York on February 28, is given use by the Pope of the income from all of the possessions of the Roman Catholic Church in the ecclesiastical province of York, covering all of the northern counties of England from Nottingham to the Scottish border.source
  • 1305Byzantine Emperor Michael IX Palaiologos invites Roger de Flor, Italian nobleman and adventurer, to Adrianople and has him assassinated there. Along with de Flor, 300 horsemen and some 1,000 foot soldiers who accompanied him are killed. The plan is executed by Alan mercenaries, who at that time are enlisted in the Byzantine army. The murder of the commander of the Catalan Company does not have the expected results. Not only is the Company not disbanded, but its attacks on Byzantine territory becomes more severe. The period of destruction in Macedonia and Thrace after the murder of de Flor becomes known as the "Catalan Revenge".source
  • 1315Enguerrand de Marigny, who had been the Chief Minister of France during the reign of King Philip IV of France, is hanged at the Gibbet of Montfaucon in Paris on orders of Philip's successor, King Louis X.source
  • 1318The coronation ceremony of Go-Daigo as Emperor of Japan is held.source
  • 1322April 30 (1st waning of Kason 684 ME (Burmese calendar)) – Tarabya I becomes the new ruler of the Sagaing Kingdom of Burma after the death of King Saw Yun, according to the Yazawin Thit chronicle.source
  • 1368Henry of Trastámara, deposed a year earlier from his position as King of Castile and Leon, captures the city of León after a siege of more than three months.source
  • 1396Thousands of Christian crusaders from France depart from Dijon and march to Strasbourg, then sail on the Danube river to join forces with King Sigismund.source
  • 1414The second English Parliament of King Henry V opens at Westminster and Walter Hungerford is elected as Speaker of the House of Commons.source
  • 1415Frederick I becomes Elector of Brandenburg.source
  • 1420Great Frisian War: In a war that began 70 years earlier in 1350 The Skieringers, led by Sikke Sjaarda, capture the city of Bolsward (part of Friesland in the modern Netherlands) from the wealthier Fetkeapers. The allies of the Fetkeapers, led by Focko Ukena, then react and make a counterattack on May 12 at Palesloot near Hindeloopen.source
  • 1425The Third English Parliament of King Henry VI opens at Westminster for a session of almost three months. Thomas Walton is elected as Speaker of the House of Commons.source
  • 1483Pluto moves inside Neptune's orbit until July 23, 1503, according to modern orbital calculations. At the time, neither planet has been discovered by Earth astronomers. The event of Pluto being closer to the Sun than Neptune will happen again during the period lasting from 1979 to 1999.source
  • 1494On his second voyage to the New World, Columbus and his crew become the first Europeans to sail into what is now Guantanamo Bay in Cuba.source
  • 1499The University of Valencia is founded in Spain with the passage of the University Statutes by the magistrates of Valencia.source
  • 1506Malus Intercursus, a treaty between King Henry VII of England and Duke Philip the Handsome of Burgundy, is signed.source
  • 1517Anticipating a riot in London, the Lord Mayor announces at 8:30 in the evening that a curfew will begin within 30 minutes, at 9:00. An attempt by a local alderman, John Mundy, to enforce the curfew triggers the attack by a mob hours later.source
  • 1524Battle of the Sesia: Spanish forces under Charles de Lannoy defeat the French army in Italy, under William de Bonnivet. The French, now commanded by François de St. Pol, withdraw from the Italian Peninsula.source
  • 1527The Treaty of Westminster (1527), an alliance during the War of the League of Cognac, is signed.source
  • 1557Arauco War – Battle of Mataquito: Spanish forces of Governor Francisco de Villagra launch a dawn surprise attack against the Mapuche (headed by their toqui Lautaro), in present-day Chile.source
  • 1585First death in Edinburgh from plague.source
  • 1598In Mexico, on the day of the Feast of the Ascension, Juan de Oñate, dispatched by the Viceroy of New Spain to expand the Spanish colony's territory, assembles his group on the south side of the Rio Grande and formally claims all territory north of the river (near what is now the U.S. city of El Paso, Texas) as a colony of the Spanish Empire.source
  • 1614The Kingdom of Lan Na (in modern-day northern Thailand) is invaded by 17,000 troops commanded by King Anaukpetlun of Burma (modern Myanmar). Lan Na's King Thado Kyaw is unsuccessful in getting assistance from the Kingdom of Siam, and turns to the Kingdom of Lan Xang (modern Laos), which provides assistance.source
  • 1619The Treaty of Angoulême ends the French civil war between Louis XIII and his mother, Marie de' Medici.source
  • 1629Eighty Years' War: Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange lays siege to 's-Hertogenbosch, one of Spain's most important fortresses along the Spanish–Dutch border.source
  • 1629Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch beginssource
  • 1636Eighty Years' War: The nine-month Siege of Schenkenschans ends, when forces of the Dutch Republic recapture the strategically important fort from the Spanish.source
  • 1637King Charles I of England issues a proclamation, attempting to stem emigration to the North American colonies.source
  • 1637King Charles issues a proclamation attempting to stem emigration to the North American colonies.source
  • 1648Royalists capture Berwick and Carlisle.source
  • 1667April 29–May 1 – Second Anglo-Dutch War: A Dutch flotilla under Admiral van Ghent enters the Firth of Forth in Scotland and bombards Burntisland.source
  • 1680The first French Huguenots in the New World arrive at Charleston, South Carolina, as 45 of the religious exiles arrive at Oyster Point on the ship Richmond, after being sent there by King Charles II of England.source
  • 1695William Congreve's comedy Love for Love opens the New Theatre, Lincoln's Inn Fields.source
  • 170830 April–7 July – general election held to return members to serve in the House of Commons of the second Parliament of Great Britain, the first after the merger of the Parliaments of England and Scotland in 1707. The election results in a victory for the Whigs.source
  • 170830 April – 7 July – British general election: New Scottish Westminster constituencies are used for the first time.source
  • 1718the proper motion of stars is demonstrated by Edmond Halley.source
  • 1725Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor and King Philip V of Spain sign the Treaty of Vienna.source
  • 1728The 82 survivors of the wreckage of the Dutch East India Company frigate Zeewijk arrive in the new ship that they had built, Sloepie, at their original destination of Batavia in the Dutch East Indies (now Jakarta in Indonesia).source
  • 1736Theatrum Anatomico-chirurgicum is inaugurated in Copenhagen and an exam in surgery is introduced.source
  • 174530 April–11 May – War of the Austrian Succession: British forces defeated at the Battle of Fontenoy.source
  • 1754Battle of San Felipe and the Cobá Lagoon: Guatemalan Sergeant Mayor Melchor de Mencos y Varón and his troops defeat the British pirates.source
  • 1760Swiss mathematician Daniel Bernoulli presents a paper at the French Academy of Sciences in Paris in which "a mathematical model was used for the first time to study the population dynamics of infectious disease."source
  • 1762acts grant security to Protestants who have acquired property from Catholics.source
  • 1767John Guest of Broseley becomes manager of Dowlais Ironworks.source
  • 1772The Norwegian Society is founded in Copenhagen as a national venue for Norwegian students.source
  • 1772The Norwegian Society (Det Norske Selskab), a literary society for Norwegian students in Copenhagen, is formed.source
  • 1778The 1,800 ft long Hudson River Chain, designed to prevent British ships from moving up the river toward West Point, New York is stretched across the river and anchored by an engineering team under the direction of Captain Thomas Machin.source
  • 1789George Washington is inaugurated at Federal Hall in New York City, beginning his term as the first president of the United States.source
  • 1791April 29–May 8 – The first American ships reach Japan, brigantine Lady Washington captained by John Kendrick of Boston, and the brig Grace.source
  • 1794April 29–May 1 – Battle of Boulou: The French defeat the Spanish and Portuguese forces.source
  • 1794April 29-May 1 - Second Battle of Boulousource
  • 1798The United States Department of the Navy is established as a cabinet-level department. Benjamin Stoddert, a civilian businessman, is appointed as the first Navy Secretary by President Adams.source
  • 1802The Enabling Act of 1802 authorizes the creation of Ohio from the Northwest Territory and sets a precedent for the creation of future states from the western territories.source
  • 1803The Louisiana Purchase is made from France by the United States.source
  • 1803Louisiana Purchase is made by the United States from France.source
  • 1810Battle of the Cherek Riversource
  • 1812Louisiana is admitted as the 18th U.S. state.source
  • 1815Population Census: Norway had 885,431 inhabitants.source
  • 1822George Canning, President of the Board of Control in the House of Commons, moves to repeal a law that prohibited Roman Catholic peers from sitting or voting in the House of Lords. The motion passes, 235–223, on its second reading, but the House of Lords declines to pass it.source
  • 1824The April Revolt (La Abrilada) in Portugal begins when Prince Miguel acts against his Liberal opponents in defiance of his father John VI.source
  • 1825Upper Creek chief Menawa leads an attack that assassinates William McIntosh for signing the Treaty of Indian Springs.source
  • 1828The revolt in Chuquisaca is quelled.source
  • 1836Law on provinces of Belgium passes: provincial governors appointed by the crown; crown cannot disband provincial councils.source
  • 1838Nicaragua declares independence from the Federal Republic of Central America.source
  • 1839Chartists riot in Llanidloes and seize control of the town for five days.source
  • 1843May 16 – Naval Battle of Campeche: Naval Battle between the Mexican Navy versus the Texas Navy and the Yucatán Navy. The battle featured the most advanced warships of its day.source
  • 1843May 16 – Naval Battle of Campeche: Naval Battle between the Mexican Navy versus the Texas Navy and the Yucatán Navy. The battle features the most advanced warships of its day.source
  • 1856The founding of the Associação Naval de Lisboa by King Pedro V, the oldest nautical association in the Iberian Peninsula.source
  • 1858April 28–May 1 – Battle of Grahovac: The Ottomans are decisively defeated by Montenegrin forces. The Bawani Imli massacre, (April 28) where 52 Indian freedom fighters were hanged to death on a tamarind tree by British colonial forces.source
  • 1859American ship Pomona carrying, mainly Irish, emigrants from Liverpool to New York, is wrecked on a sandbank at Ballyconigar, off Wexford, with 424 deaths and only 24 survivors.source
  • 1859A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens is published in England.source
  • 1877the Diocese of St Albans is founded within the Church of England from part of the Diocese of Rochester. St Albans Abbey, which is undergoing extensive restoration at this time, is elevated to become St Albans Cathedral and on 12 June Thomas Legh Claughton is enthroned first Bishop of St Albans, an office he holds until 1890.source
  • 1881SS Tararua hits a reef and sinks off the coast of New Zealand's South Island with only 20 survivors of the 151 on board.source
  • 1883New York Governor Grover Cleveland signs a bill authorizing protection of land for Niagara Falls State Park, which would eventually lead to the Niagara Reservation being established two years later in 1885.source
  • 1885A bill is signed in the New York State legislature, forming the Niagara Falls State Park.source
  • 1890Founding of the German Naval Leaguesource
  • 1892Lynching of Ephraim Grizzard, an African American, in Nashville, Tennessee.source
  • 1895The first Venice Biennale, I Esposizione Internazionale d'Arte della Città di Venezia (1st International Art Exhibition of the City of Venice), holds its first exhibition before growing into a major contemporary art exhibition that takes place once every two years (in odd years) in Venice, Italy. The exhibition is opened by the Italian King and Queen, Umberto I and Margherita di Savoia and would be seen by 224,000 visitors.source
  • 1896Peckfield Colliery disaster in Micklefield, Yorkshire: an underground explosion kills 63 men and boys and 19 pit ponies.source
  • 1897J. J. Thomson of the Cavendish Laboratory announces his discovery of the electron as a subatomic particle, over 1,800 times smaller than a proton (in the atomic nucleus), at a lecture at the Royal Institution in London.source
  • 1897J. J. Thomson first announces his discovery of the electron.source
  • 1898The German Fleet Association is founded in Berlin to arouse popular understanding and interest in the Imperial Navy. The government favors the construction of battleships in the Reichsmarineamt under Alfred von Tirpitz.source
  • 1904The Louisiana Purchase Exposition World's Fair opens in St. Louis, Missouri (closes December 1).source
  • 1905Albert Einstein completes his doctoral dissertation, A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions (submitted July 30 to the University of Zurich).source
  • 1908Masako, Princess Tsune, sixth daughter of Emperor Meiji, marries Prince Tsunehisa Takeda.source
  • 1909Tasmania begins to use the Hare-Clark single transferable vote method in the 1909 general election.source
  • 1912Carl Laemmle founds Universal Studios as the Universal Film and Manufacturing Company in the United States.source
  • 1915Australian submarine AE2 sunk in Sea of Marmara.source
  • 1916April 24–30 – The Easter Rising occurs in Ireland. Members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood proclaim an Irish Republic, and the Irish Volunteers and Irish Citizen Army occupy the General Post Office and other buildings in Dublin, before surrendering to the British Army. A total of 485 Irish Volunteers, British soldiers and Irish civilians were killed as well as 2,200 wounded and 16 rebel leaders would be executed.source
  • 1918WWI: The Second Transjordan attack on Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt, launched by units of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, ends on 4 May, with their withdrawal back to the Jordan Valley.source
  • 1926A state of emergency is proclaimed in the United Kingdom under the Emergency Powers Act 1920 on account of the "threat of cessation of work in Coal Mines".source
  • 1927April 22–May 5 – The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 strikes 700,000 people, in the greatest natural disaster in American history through this time.source
  • 1939The 1939 New York World's Fair opens.source
  • 194430 April or 1 May – 600 gallons (~2700 litres) of petroleum are dispatched to Gardez in a tanker lorry to supply aerial operations.source
  • 1946The Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry recommended the immediate admission of 100,000 Jewish refugees from Europe into Palestine. It also recommended that Palestine remain a mandated territory, that facilities be put in place to ensure Jewish migration and that the 1940 Land Act which banned Jews from purchasing land in 95% of Palestine be rescinded.source
  • 1948The English-built Land Rover is unveiled at the Amsterdam Motor Show.source
  • 1950The last Ration stamps (for sugar) expire in West Germany; In the GDR, food stamps were still in use until 1958.source
  • 1955Singapore Harbour Board Staff Association Strike.source
  • 1957The solar eclipse of April 30, 1957, a non-central annular solar eclipse that does not have a northern path limit, takes place. This is the last of 57 umbral solar eclipses of Solar Saros 118.source
  • 1962Roman Catholic Diocese of Apatzingan established.source
  • 1966Regular hovercraft service begins over the English Channel (discontinued in 2000).source
  • 1967Moscow's 537 m tall TV tower is finished.source
  • 1971The Milwaukee Bucks sweep the Baltimore Bullets in four games to win their first NBA championship.source
  • 1975Vietnam War – Fall of Saigon: The Vietnam War concludes as Communist forces from North Vietnam take over Saigon, resulting in mass evacuation of the remaining American troops and South Vietnam civilians. As the capital is taken, South Vietnam surrenders unconditionally and is replaced with a temporary Provisional Government.source
  • 1975the Stock Exchange of Thailand officially starts trading.source
  • 1977The Cold War between Cambodia and Vietnam evolves into the Cambodian–Vietnamese War.source
  • 1978The "Democratic Republic of Afghanistan" is proclaimed, under pro-communist leader Nur Muhammad Taraki.source
  • 1978April 18– 30 – The Khmer Rouge massacres 3,157 civilians in Ba Chúc, Vietnam.source
  • 1979The government acquired land of the Kwong Wai Siew Peck San Teng Cemetery and plans to redeveloped it into the Bishan New Town.source
  • 1980Queen Juliana of the Netherlands abdicates and her daughter Beatrix accedes to the throne.source
  • 1980Iranian Embassy siege: Six Iranian-born terrorists take over the Iranian embassy in London, England. SAS retakes the Embassy on May 5; one terrorist survives.source
  • 1980Automotive company Chrysler Australia Limited is taken over by Japanese company Mitsubishi after the American-based Chrysler Corporation sold its Australian subsidiary to the dynamic Japanese automobile manufacturer for $80 million. The declining fortunes of Chrysler's North American operations forced the sale.source
  • 1982The Bijon Setu massacre takes place in broad daylight at a railway crossing in India.source
  • 1985Gal Gadot, Israeli actress and model.source
  • 1987Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and the Provincial Premiers agree in principle to the Meech Lake Accord which would bring Quebec into the constitution.source
  • 1988World Expo 88 opens in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.source
  • 1988World Expo 88 opens in Brisbane, Queensland. The exhibition runs for 6 months hosting pavilions from over 70 countries and thrusts Brisbane into the international spotlight.source
  • 1988Queen's Day. During this day: Queen Beatrix kissed by a bystander.source
  • 1990Lebanon hostage crisis: Lebanese kidnappers release American educator Frank H. Reed, who had been held hostage since September 1986.source
  • 1991A sharp raise in government controlled commodity pricessource
  • 1992April 29–May 4 – In Simi Valley, California, a jury acquits four LAPD police officers accused of excessive force in the videotaped beating of black motorist Rodney King, causing the 1992 Los Angeles riots and leading to 53 deaths and $1 billion in damage.source
  • 1992Brčko bridge massacre: around 100 Croat and Bosniak civilians are blown up while crossing the bridge across the Sava in Brčko, Bosnia and Herzegovina.source
  • 1993Tennis player Monica Seles – at this time the top-ranked player in women's tennis – is stabbed during a match at the 1993 Citizen Cup in Hamburg, Germany.source
  • 1995The United States government stops funding the NSFNET, making the Internet a wholly privatized system.source
  • 1999Cambodia joins the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), bringing the total members to 10.source
  • 2000Canonization of Polish Catholic sister Faustina Kowalska in the presence of 200,000 people and the first Divine Mercy Sunday is celebrated worldwide.source
  • 2003Mike's Place bombing: A Muslim British citizen suicide bomber blows himself up at "Mike's Place", a Tel Aviv restaurant, killing four Israelis and injuring 50 others. Hamas and Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades claim joint responsibility for the attack.source
  • 2004Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople breaks Eucharistic communion with Archbishop Christodoulos of Athens.source
  • 2008April 27 – 30 – Local elections were held in the country.source
  • 2010The Department of Computer Science of PKP turned off the last operating system in Poland based on a computer teleprocessing 1305th Oder.source
  • 2010Dick Wathika (PNU) is set to lose his parliamentary seat after a court nullified the 2007 election results of Makadara Constituency citing irregularities.source
  • 2013Willem-Alexander is inaugurated as King of the Netherlands following the abdication of his mother, Beatrix.source
  • 2014the Sultan of Brunei has announced a controversial new penal code that will eventually include stoning, amputation, and flogging as punishments; as 'Phase one' of Islamic law.source
  • 2018VOX Cinemas opens Saudi Arabia's first multiplex cinema following the lifting of a 35-year cinema ban.source
  • 2019Venezuelan presidential crisis: Venezuelan opposition leader and disputed interim President Juan Guaidó leads an attempted uprising against President Nicolás Maduro.source
  • 2020NASA officially selects SpaceX, Blue Origin, and Dynetics to build its next-generation lunar lander to carry American astronauts to the Moon by 2024.source
  • 2020COVID-19 pandemic: Lesotho is the only African country that has not reported the virus.source
  • 2022The Cebu–Cordova Link Expressway, located in Cebu, Philippines, is officially opened as the longest bridge in the country.source
  • 2023The 2023 Paraguayan general election is held, with the Colorado Party candidate Santiago Peña being the president-elect of Paraguay, winning in a plurality.source
  • 2024The National Council approves in the first reading a legislative amendment introduced by the Slovak National Party requiring non-profit organizations (NGOs) which annually receive more than €5,000 from outside Slovakia to register as "organizations with foreign support".source

Births

  • 1310Casimir III the Great, king of Poland (died 1368)source
  • 1331Gaston III of Foix (died 1391)source
  • 1383Anne of Gloucester, English countess, granddaughter of King Edward III of England (died 1438)source
  • 1425William III, Landgrave of Thuringia (1445–1482) and Duke of Luxembourg (1457–1482) (died 1482)source
  • 1437János Thurzó, Hungarian businessman (died 1508)source
  • 1504Francesco Primaticcio, Italian painter (died 1570)source
  • 1512George II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels, Count of Glatz (died 1553)source
  • 1539Archduchess Barbara of Austria, Austrian archduchess (died 1572)source
  • 1551Jacopo da Empoli, Italian painter (died 1640)source
  • 1553Louise of Lorraine, French queen consort (died 1601)source
  • 1564Francis Hay, 9th Earl of Erroll, Scottish noble (died 1631)source
  • 1595Henri II de Montmorency, French nobleman and military commander (died 1632)source
  • 1602Robert Baillie, Scottish divine and historical writer (died 1662)source
  • 1605Peder Winstrup, clergy (died 1679)source
  • 1623François de Laval, French-born priest, first Catholic bishop of Quebec (died 1708)source
  • 1623François de Laval, first bishop of New France (died 1708)source
  • 1651Jean-Baptiste de la Salle, French educational reformer (died 1719)source
  • 1662Mary II of England, Scotland and Ireland, queen regnant (died 1694)source
  • 1664François Louis, Prince of Conti, French general (died 1709)source
  • 1700Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Swedish nobleman (died 1739)source
  • 1724Jean-Baptiste de La Brosse, Jesuit, priest, missionary, and professor (died 1782)source
  • 1770David Thompson, English-Canadian explorer (died 1857)source
  • 1777Carl Friedrich Gauss, German mathematician, astronomer and physicist (died 1855)source
  • 1940Ülo Õun, sculptor (died 1988)source
  • 1959Stephen Harper, 22nd Prime Minister of Canadasource
  • 1963Michael Waltrip, American race car driver and sportscastersource
  • 1964Tony Fernandes, Malaysian entrepreneur and the founder of Tune Air Sdn. Bhd (Air Asia)source
  • 1986Dianna Agron, American actress, singer and dancersource

Deaths

  • 65Lucan, Roman poet and philosopher (born AD 39)source
  • 125An of Han, Chinese emperor (born AD 94)source
  • 783Hildegard, wife of King Charlemagne, dies in childbirth after her ninth confinement in less than 12 years of marriage. His mother, Bertrada of Laon, dies in the summer and is buried with great ceremony beside her husband Pepin the Short, in the Abbey of St. Denis (modern-day Paris).source
  • 783Hildegard, queen consort of Charlemagne (born 758)source
  • 1002Eckard I, margrave of Meissensource
  • 1030Mahmud of Ghazni, Ghaznavid emir (born 971)source
  • 1030Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni dies after a 28-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Mas'ud I, who seizes the throne of the Ghaznavid Empire, which includes much of Afghanistan, Iran, and India.source
  • 1063Ren Zong, emperor of the Song Dynasty (born 1010)source
  • 1131Adjutor, French knight and saintsource
  • 1196Baldwin II van Holland, bishop of Utrechtsource
  • 1219Aldebrandus, bishop of Fossombrone (born 1119)source
  • 1224Bernard II, German nobleman and knight (born 1140)source
  • 1305Roger de Flor, Italian nobleman and adventurer (born 1267)source
  • 1315Enguerrand de Marigny, French Grand Chamberlain (born 1260)source
  • 1315Margaret of Burgundy, de jure Queen consort of France as the wife of King Louis X, dies in the Château Gaillard prison after a year of incarceration, due to her 1314 conviction for adultery in the Tour de Nesle affair. Unable to have the marriage nullified because a new Pope has not been installed, King Louis leaves Margaret imprisoned.source
  • 1315Margaret of Burgundy, queen consort of France (born 1290)source
  • 1341Duke John III of Brittany (born 1286)source
  • 1439Richard Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick, English military leader (born 1382)source
  • 1465Jacob of Juterbogk, German theologian (born c. 1381)source
  • 1467John, Count of Angoulême (born 1399)source
  • 1474Queen Gonghye, Korean royal consort (born 1456)source
  • 1481Ichijō Kaneyoshi, Japanese court noble (born 1402)source
  • 1513Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk, Duke of Suffolk (born 1471)source
  • 1524Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard, French soldier (born 1473)source
  • 1524Pierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard, soldier (born 1473)source
  • 1544Thomas Audley, Lord Chancellor of England (born 1488)source
  • 1550King Tabinshwehti of Burma (born 1516)source
  • 1550King Tabinshwehti of Burma is assassinated by two of his bodyguards while he is on a hunting trip. The two swordsmen, sent by Smim Sawhtut, Governor of Sittaung, behead the King, and a civil war begins as major governors rebel against the new Burmese King Bayinnaung.source
  • 1563Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford, English baron (born 1501)source
  • 1611The priest implicated in the Aix-en-Provence possessions in France is executed.source
  • 1632Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly, Bavarian general (born 1559)source
  • 1632Sigismund III Vasa, King of Sweden (1592–1599) and Poland (1587–1632) (born 1566)source
  • 1632Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly (born 1559), military commandersource
  • 1632Sigismund III Vasa, Former King of Sweden, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania (died 1632)source
  • 1641In Morocco, rebel leader and secessionist Sidi al-Ayachi is assassinated.source
  • 1642Dmitry Pozharsky, Russian prince (born 1578)source
  • 1671Fran Krsto Frankopan, Croatian poet and nobleman (born 1643)source
  • 1671Petar Zrinski, Croatian Ban (title) and nobleman (born 1621)source
  • 1672Marie of the Incarnation, French foundress of the Ursuline Monastery in Quebec (born 1599)source
  • 1696Robert Plot, British naturalist (born 1640)source
  • 1733Rodrigo Anes de Sá Almeida e Meneses, 1st Marquis of Abrantes, Portuguese diplomat (born 1676)source
  • 1736Johann Albert Fabricius, German scholar and bibliographer (born 1668)source
  • 1755Jean-Baptiste Oudry, French painter (born 1686)source
  • 1828José Miguel García Lanza, guerilla. (born 1791)source
  • 1847Archduke Charles of Austria, Austrian general (born 1771)source
  • 1859Henry Despard, soldier (born c. 1784)source
  • 1879Sarah Josepha Hale, American author (born 1788)source
  • 1883Édouard Manet, French painter (born 1832)source
  • 1900Casey Jones, American railway engineer (born 1864)source
  • 1900Casey Jones dies in fatal train accident after his locomotive, No. 382, plows into the caboose and two fully loaded boxcars of corn and hay of locomotive No. 83.source
  • 1931Sammy Woods, English cricketer (born 1867)source
  • 1933Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro, President, assassinationsource
  • 1943Otto Jespersen, Danish linguist, creator of Ido and Novial languages (b.1860)source
  • 1945Death of Adolf Hitler: Adolf Hitler and his wife of one day, Eva Braun, commit suicide as the Red Army approaches the Führerbunker in Berlin. Großadmiral Karl Dönitz succeeds Hitler as Reichspräsident (President of Germany) and Joseph Goebbels succeeds as Reichskanzler (Chancellor of Germany), in accordance with Hitler's political testament the day earlier.source
  • 1945Adolf Hitler, Austrian-born German politician, Führer of Germany (suicide) (born 1889)source
  • 1951Nabawiyya Musa, Egyptian Nationalist and Feminist (born 1866)source
  • 1956Alben W. Barkley, 35th Vice President of the United States (born 1877)source
  • 2009Thirteen people were killed in the Azerbaijan State Oil Academy shootings.source