1662 CE

The last credible report of a sighting of the dodo bird, now extinct, is made by Volkert Evertsz, a survivor of the shipwreck of the Dutch ship Arnhem, which struck reefs on February 12. The survivors had made their way in a small boat to Ile d'Ambre, an island in the Indian Ocean 200 km northeast of Mauritius. When rescued by the English ship Truroe in May, Evertsz reports that he and his group had survived by eating the local wildlife, including the dodo. The Act of Uniformity goes into effect on St Bartholomew's Day, making mandatory in the Church of England the forms of worship prescribed in the new edition of the Book of Common Prayer the deadline having been set for "every clergyman and every schoolmaster... to express, by August 24, his unfeigned consent to everything contained in the Book of Common Prayer. This is followed by the resignation of over 2,000 clergy who resign "for conscience sake". Those who refuse to take the required oath of conformity to the established church are subject to the Great Ejection from their jobs. The Act of Uniformity is implemented, making mandatory in the Church of England the forms of worship prescribed in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer. This is followed by the Great Ejection of over 2000 clergy who refuse to take the required oath of conformity to the established church.

In the 1660s, the 17th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • January 4 – Dziaddin Mukarram Shah becomes the new Sultan of Kedah, an independent kingdom on the Malay Peninsula, upon the death of his father, Sultan Muhyiddin Mansur.source
  • February 18 — The Kangxi era begins with the start of the following Lunar YearChinasource
  • 19 February – A royal decree introduces the subdivision Amt as a replacement for the len subdivision.Denmarksource
  • May 3 – John Winthrop the Younger, the son of the first governor of Massachusetts, is honored by being made a fellow of the Royal Society, England's new scientific society. Winthrop uses his election to the Society to gain access to the king, who grants him a new charter, uniting the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven.source
  • 19 May – The Poor Relief Act ("Settlement and Removal Act") sets out principles for establishing the parish to which a person belongs (their place of 'settlement'), which would be responsible should they become in need of Poor Relief.Englandsource
  • June 15 – The Matthews baronets British nobility title is created.source
  • June 23 – Koxinga, who had founded the Kingdom of Tungning on the island of Taiwan a year earlier, names his successor while on his deathbed. He appoints his son, Zheng Jing, whom he had earlier ordered unsuccessfully to be executed, as the new King.source
  • December 4 – The Purefoy baronets British nobility title is created.source
  • Act of Settlement, passed by the Parliament of Ireland, orders that settlers under the Cromwellian Act of Settlement 1652 should give up a portion of their allotted land to "Old English" and "innocent Catholics". The first Court of Claims sits from 20 September 1662 to 21 August 1663.Irelandsource

Conflict & Security

  • January 14 – A Portuguese garrison invades Morocco and kidnaps 35 women and girls, then steals 400 head of cattle. The Moroccans counterattack and kill the garrison's commander, 12 knights and 38 other Portuguese soldiers before the surviving Portuguese are given sanctuary inside the English fortress at Tangier. A brief war ensues between England and Morocco.source
  • January 22 – Former Chinese Emperor Yongli, who had surrendered to General Wu Sangui in December, is put on a boat along with his sons and grandsons at Sagaing in Burma (at the time, Burma), leaving under the promise that they will be given safe passage elsewhere in Burma. Instead, the former Emperor is taken back to China and executed on June 1.source
  • February 1 — Siege of Fort Zeelandia concludes with Dutch forces in Taiwan surrendering to Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga)Chinasource
  • April 19 – Three of the former members of the English Parliament who had signed the death warrant for Charles I of England in 1649 and then fled into exile in the Netherlands after the Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660 — Miles Corbet, John Okey and John Barkstead — are hanged after having been extradited, returned to England, and convicted of regicide. Their bodies are then drawn and quartered.source
  • April 24 – Chinese warlord Zheng Chenggong sends a message to the Spanish government of the Philippines demanding payment of tribute and threatening to send a fleet of ships to conquer the area. The message reaches the Spanish Governor-General on May 5, and preparations are made to resist the invasion.source
  • May 24 – Rioting in the Chinese section of Manila breaks out in the wake of calls to kill non-Christian Chinese residents of the Philippines, and the Spanish Army fires cannons at the rioting crowd. An order follows for non-Christian Chinese Filipinos to leave Manila, and for Christian Filipinos to register with the government. Boats begin transporting the non-Christians back to Chinasource
  • June 4 – The "Sangley Massacre" is ordered by Sabiniano Manrique de Lara, the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines, with the directive for the government to kill all Filipinos of Chinese ancestry — Sangleys — who disobey orders to assemble at Manila for deportation.source
  • Spring — the regents ordered a Great Clearance in southern China that evacuated the entire population from the seacoast to counter a resistance movement started by Ming loyalists under the leadership of Taiwan-based Ming general Koxinga, also known as Zheng ChenggongChinasource
  • For his efforts defeating Ming loyalist forces, Wu Sangui is rewarded with the title of Pingxi Wang (平西王; translated as "Prince Who Pacifies the West" or "King Who Pacifies the West") with a fief in Yunnan by the Qing imperial court, Guizhou is added to his domain later that yearChinasource
  • Dueling is banned through the DuellplakatetSwedensource

Exploration & Expansion

  • February 1 – Chinese general Koxinga (Zheng Chenggong) captures the Dutch East India Company's settlement at Fort Zeelandia (now Tainan) on the island of Taiwan after a nine-month siege, ending the company's rule on the island, then establishes the Kingdom of Tungning. In response, the Kangxi Emperor of the mainland Qing dynasty relocates all residents along the southern coast, by 50 miles.source
  • March 18 – Carrosses à cinq sols, a short-lived experiment of the first public bus system (horse-drawn wagons holding eight passengers) begins in Paris as the idea of mathematician Blaise Pascal and financed by the Duc de Rouanez, with transportation to and from the Royal Square for the cost of five sous.source
  • April 22 – The Paugussett tribe, granted reservations in the British colony of Connecticut in North America, sell a large amount of tribal land to Captain Joseph Hawley including several towns in Fairfield County: Shelton, Trumbull, Derby and Monroe.source
  • 14 May – Catherine of Braganza lands at Portsmouth.Englandsource
  • May – The last credible report of a sighting of the dodo bird, now extinct, is made by Volkert Evertsz, a survivor of the shipwreck of the Dutch ship Arnhem, which struck reefs on February 12. The survivors had made their way in a small boat to Ile d'Ambre, an island in the Indian Ocean 200 km northeast of Mauritius. When rescued by the English ship Truroe in May, Evertsz reports that he and his group had survived by eating the local wildlife, including the dodo.source
  • September – regular Donaghadee to Portpatrick short sea sailings are established.Irelandsource

Religion & Belief

  • May 19 – The Act of Uniformity 1662, officially "An Act for the uniformity of common prayer and service in the Church, and administration of the sacraments", is given royal assent after being passed by the English Parliament to regulate the form of public prayers, sacraments, and other rites of the Church of England to conform with the newest edition of the Book of Common Prayer, the 1662 prayer book.source
  • 19 May – Act of Uniformity approves the 1662 Book of Common Prayer.Englandsource
  • August 20 – Ignatius Andrew Akijan is installed as the new Patriarch of the Syriac Catholic Church for Christians within the Muslim-ruled Ottoman Empire after his appointment is confirmed by the Sultan Mehmed IV.source
  • August 24 – The Act of Uniformity goes into effect on St Bartholomew's Day, making mandatory in the Church of England the forms of worship prescribed in the new edition of the Book of Common Prayer the deadline having been set for "every clergyman and every schoolmaster... to express, by August 24, his unfeigned consent to everything contained in the Book of Common Prayer. This is followed by the resignation of over 2,000 clergy who resign "for conscience sake". Those who refuse to take the required oath of conformity to the established church are subject to the Great Ejection from their jobs.source
  • 24 August – the Act of Uniformity is implemented, making mandatory in the Church of England the forms of worship prescribed in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer. This is followed by the Great Ejection of over 2000 clergy who refuse to take the required oath of conformity to the established church.Englandsource

Economy & Finance

  • 16 May – hearth tax is introduced in England, Wales and Scotland.Englandsource
  • May 19 – Royal assent is also given to England's new hearth tax law, with one shilling charged for each stove or fireplace in a building, to be collected on 29 September and on 25 March each year in order to provide the £1,200,000 annual household income for King Charles II. The unpopular tax is abolished in 1689.source
  • December 20 – Nicolas Fouquet is banished from France.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • September 29 – The first payments under England's hearth tax law, enacted on May 19, become due.source
  • Milton, Massachusetts is incorporated as a town.source
  • Fredriksholm Fortress is established.Norwaysource
  • The work on the new Drottningholm Palace is startedSwedensource

Science & Discovery

  • October 19 – An English Buccaneer force led by Royal Navy commodore Christopher Myngs launches an attack on Santiago de Cuba.source
  • c. January – John Graunt, in one of the earliest uses of statistics, publishes statistical information about births and deaths in London.source
  • Robert Boyle publishes Nova experimenta physico-mechanica in Oxford (2nd edition), setting forth the law bearing his name.source
  • First Danish cadastral survey is completed over the summer.Denmarksource
  • c. January – John Graunt, in one of the earliest uses of statistics, publishes information about births and deaths in London.Englandsource
  • Old Farmer's Almanac published in SwedishSwedensource

Health & Medicine

  • May 16 – The hearth tax is introduced in England and Wales.source
  • 19 May – The Licensing of the Press Act restricts London printers to a total of 24. Books printed abroad are prohibited. Roger L'Estrange is granted a warrant to seize seditious books or pamphlets.Englandsource
  • An imperial edict banning footbinding is put in place. This is the first one imposed on all of ChinaChinasource

Crime & Justice

  • 17 March – two old women are hanged after being found guilty of witchcraft at the Bury St. Edmunds witch trial.Englandsource
  • June 1 — Zhu Youlang, the Yongli Emperor of Southern Ming, is captured in killed by forces led by Wu Sangui, while in Toungoo dynasty-ruled Burma. The last of the Ming dynasty pretenders have been defeated.Chinasource
  • October 27 – Charles II of England sells Dunkirk to France, for £400,000 (2.5 million French livres).source
  • 27 October – Charles II sells Dunkirk to France for £400 000 (2.5 million livres).Englandsource
  • October 27 – Charles II of England sells Dunkirk to France for £400,000 (or 2.5 million livres).Francesource
  • November - December – Helen Guthrie is the last person accused during the Forfar witch trials to be executed.source

Disasters & Accidents

  • February 20 – The survivors of the wreck of the Dutch freighter Arnhem strike reefs but are able to make their way to an uninhabited island, probably the Ile D'Ambre or Ilot Fourneau both islands within the territory of Mauritius. During more than two months while shipwrecked, the survivors kill and eat the local wildlife, including the last surviving dodo. They are rescued by the English ship Truroe in May.source
  • 6 November - Dorte Laurtitsdatter, Maren Sigvaldsdatter and Marit Rasmusdatter from Vadsø, and Ragnhild Klemetsdatter, Maren Mogensdatter and Marit Hemingsdatter from Ekkerøy, were all burned to death for witchcraft.Norwaysource

Climate & Environment

  • February 11 – A violent storm in the Indian Ocean strikes a fleet of seven ships of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) as they are traveling back to the Dutch Republic from Batavia in the Dutch East Indies (now Jakarta, Indonesia). Three of the freighters— Wapen van Holland, Gekroonde Leeuw and Prins Willem — are lost with all hands. The ships Vogel Phoenix, Maarsseveen and Prinses Royal make their way back to the Netherlands. The other ship, the freighter Arnhem remains afloat and its roughly 80 survivors are able to evacuate in boats to search for land.source
  • The last widely accepted sighting of a dodo, now extinct.source

Culture & Society

  • January 10 – At the age of 19, Louis Grimaldi becomes the new Prince of Monaco upon the death of his grandfather, Honoré II.source
  • February 21 – James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, returns to the office of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (until 1669).Irelandsource
  • March 18 – Carrosses à cinq sols - A short-lived experiment of the first public buses (holding 8 passengers) begins in Paris.Francesource
  • May 9 – Samuel Pepys witnesses a Punch and Judy show in London (the first on record).source
  • 9 May – Samuel Pepys witnesses an "Italian puppet show" in London, the first Punch and Judy show on record.Englandsource
  • May 21 – (May 31 N.S.); Princess Catherine of Braganza, daughter of King João IV of Portugal, marries Charles II of England. As part of the dowry, Portugal cedes Bombay in India, and Tangier in Morocco, to England.source
  • 21 May – Catherine of Braganza marries Charles II of England at Portsmouth in both a secret Catholic and a public Anglican ceremony the day after they first meet.Englandsource
  • June 21 – The Pierce baronets British nobility title is created.source
  • July 15 – The Royal Society, founded by King Charles II of England and Scotland receives an official charter in London.source
  • 23 August – an extravagant pageant on the River Thames greets the arrival of Charles II and his new queen Catherine of Braganza on their arrival at the Palace of Whitehall from Hampton Court.Englandsource
  • November 28 – The English Royal Society holds its first meeting.source
  • December 26 – Molière's play, The School for Wives, is given its première in Paris.source
  • December 26 – Molière's play The School for Wives premieres.Francesource
  • Joan Blaeu publishes Atlas Maior, sive cosmographia Blaviana in Amsterdam (first complete edition, 11 volumes in Latin).source
  • The Akademie der Bildenden Künste Nürnberg is founded in Germany.source
  • John Ogilby, Master of the Revels in Ireland, opens the first Theatre Royal, Dublin, in Smock Alley.Irelandsource
  • The mourning period of the late monarch is terminated.Swedensource

Births

  • January 1 – Balaji Vishwanath, Peshwa of the Maratha Empire (died 1720)source
  • January 9 – John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, England (died 1711)source
  • January 12 – Samuel Shute, Governor of Massachusetts Bay and New Hampshire (died 1742)source
  • January 27 – Richard Bentley, English classical scholar (died 1742)source
  • 27 January – Richard Bentley, classical scholar (died 1742)Englandsource
  • February 15 – James Renwick, Scottish minister and Covenanter martyr (died 1688)source
  • April 26 – Marie Louise d'Orléans, queen consort of Spain (died 1689)source
  • April 30 – Mary II of England, Scotland and Ireland, queen regnant (died 1694)source
  • June 3 – Willem van Mieris, Dutch painter (died 1747)source
  • June 11 – Tokugawa Ienobu, Japanese Edo shōgun (died 1712)source
  • 22 June – Peter Rodsteen, government official and landowner (died 1714)Denmarksource
  • July 11 – Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria (died 1726)source
  • August 13 – Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, English politician (died 1748)source
  • September 19 – Jean-Paul Bignon, French priest and man of letters (died 1743)source
  • October 18 – Matthew Henry, English Bible commentator, Presbyterian minister (died 1714)source
  • December 17 – Samuel Wesley, English poet, father of the Wesley brothers (died 1735)source
  • Shanxi — Cao Ji Wu (曹繼武, 1662-1722), a master of the internal martial art of Xinyi (Heart and Intention Boxing), precursor of Xingyi (Form and Intention Boxing)Chinasource
  • Karen Toller, estate owner and ship owner (died 1742).Norwaysource

Deaths

  • January 23 – János Kemény, Prince of Transylvania for slightly more than a year, is killed during Transylvania's defeat by the Ottoman Empire in a battle at Nagyszőllős, now the city of Vynohradiv in Ukraine. An Ottoman appointee, Michael Apafi, replaces Kemény in September and the status of the principality of Transylvania (now part of Romania) is never regained.source
  • February 9 – Judith Quiney, English daughter of William Shakespeare (born 1585)source
  • February 13 – Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia (born 1596)source
  • March 10 – Samuel Hartlib, British scholar (born 1600)source
  • 8 April – Birgitte Thott, translator, writer and feminist (born 1610)Denmarksource
  • April 14 – William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele, English statesman (born 1582)source
  • June 1 – Zhu Youlang, the 4th and last emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty of China (born 1623)source
  • June 14 – Henry Vane the Younger, British Governor of Massachusetts (born 1613)source
  • 14 June – Henry Vane the Younger, Governor of Massachusetts (born 1613)Englandsource
  • June 23 – Koxinga, Chinese military leader (born 1624)source
  • June 23 — Koxinga dies in Anping, Taiwan of Malaria, his son Zheng Jing takes over the Zheng regime, later leading the remaining 7,000 Ming loyalist troops to TaiwanChinasource
  • August 19 – Blaise Pascal, French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher (born 1623)source
  • September 3 – William Lenthall, English politician (born 1591)source
  • September 22 – John Biddle, English theologian (born 1615)source
  • October 29 – William Pynchon, English colonist and fur trader in North America (born 1590)source
  • November 20 – Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands (born 1614)source
  • December 3 – William Dugard, English printer (born 1606)source
  • Ebba Sparre, courtier and favorite (born 1629)Swedensource