/year

September 3 in history

204 sourced entries recorded on September 3, from 36 BCE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 36 BCEBattle of Naulochus: Agrippa defeats Sextus Pompeius, a son of Pompeius, in a naval engagement off Naulochus. Sextus escapes with 17 ships to Messana and then to Asia Minor.source
  • 301The republic of San Marino is established (approximate date).source
  • 673King Wamba of the Visigoths puts down the revolt by Hilderic, governor of Nîmes and rival for the throne. He captures the rebel leaders, who are brought to trial and, for their crimes, scalped and imprisoned for life.source
  • 863Battle of Lalakaon: A Byzantine army confronts an invasion by Muslim forces, led by Umar al-Aqta, Emir of Malatya. The Muslims raid deep into Byzantine territory, reaching the Black Sea coast at the port city of Amisos. Petronas annihilates the Arabs near the River Lalakaon, in Paphlagonia (modern Turkey).source
  • 1041Battle of Montepeloso: Lombard-Norman rebel forces, led by William, defeat the Byzantines at Montepeloso. During the battle, Boioannes, governor of the Catepanate of Italy, is captured.source
  • 1104St. Cuthbert is reburied in Durham Cathedral.source
  • 1189Richard I is crowned king of England in Westminster Abbey. During the coronation, a number of notable Jews are expelled from the banquet and rumours spread that Richard has ordered a massacre of the Jews. This causes an actual massacre of the Jews in London; among those killed is Jacob of Orléans, a respected French Jewish scholar.source
  • 1260Battle of Ain Jalut in Galilee: The Egyptians defeat the Mongols, marking their first decisive defeat, and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire. Isa ibn Muhanna is appointed amir al-ʿarab under the Egyptian Mamluk Sultanate.source
  • 1301Bartolomeo I della Scala becomes the new Lord of Verona, at the time a city-state in Italy that included most of the Veneto region (with the exception of Venice), upon the death of his father Alberto.source
  • 1315September 3 (3 Jumada II 715 AH) – Rumaythah ibn Abi Numayy, the former emir of Mecca, arrives at the court of the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, al-Nasir Muhammad in Cairo. He receives pardon from the Sultan and seeks support against the new Emir, Humaydah ibn Abi Numayy, who had killed his brother and predecessor, Abu al-Ghayth. Al-Nasir sends Rumaythah back to Mecca with an Egyptian army. However, six days before the relief army's arrival, Humaydah pillages and burns the castle at Wadi Marr, and destroys 2,000 date palm trees.source
  • 1378As regent for the 11-year-old King Richard II of England, his mother Joan of Kent summons the English Parliament, directing the members of the House of Commons and the House of Lords to assemble at Gloucester on October 20.source
  • 1384The siege of Lisbon by the Castilian Army ends as the Portuguese defenders protect the capital of the kingdom of Portugal.source
  • 1402Gian Maria Visconti becomes the second Duke of Milan upon the death of his father, Gian Galeazzo Visconti.source
  • 1411The Treaty of Selymbria is concluded between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice.source
  • 1412King Ferdinand I of Aragon is declared Count of Barcelona.source
  • 1416King Henry V summons the English Parliament for the third time in less than a year, directing the MPs to assemble on October 19.source
  • 1420Murdoch Stewart becomes the new Duke of Albany and Regent of Scotland for King James I, upon the death of his father Robert Stewart. During his time governing Scotland, Murdoch makes no effort to secure King James's release from captivity in England until forced to do so by political pressure.source
  • 1448Prince George of Poděbrady, leader of the Hussites in Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) captures Prague after leading 9,000 of his troops from Kutná Hora.source
  • 1458The coronation of Pope Pius II by Cardinal Prospero Colonna takes place on the front steps of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.source
  • 1501On complaints from Christopher Columbus, who had been replaced as Viceroy of the New World and arrested in 1500 by Francisco de Bobadilla, Queen Isabella of Spain orders that Bobadilla be recalled from Santo Domingo. Declining to allow Columbus to resume his brutal rule of the New World, the Queen appoints a friend, Nicolás de Ovando, as the new Viceroy. Although Bobadilla receives news of his firing several weeks later, he declines to step aside. Ovando will assemble a fleet of 30 ships and depart Spain on February 13 for Santo Domingo.source
  • 1510Sir Thomas More becomes undersheriff of the City of London.source
  • 1528The Kyōroku era begins in Japan, with the last day of the Daiei era ending on Daiei 8, 20th day of the 8th month.source
  • 1540Gelawdewos succeeds his father Lebna Dengel as Emperor of Ethiopia.source
  • 1546Ilie II Rareș becomes the new Prince of Moldavia upon the death of his father Petru IV Rareș, in the Moldavian capital, Suceava.source
  • 1559Robert Dillon is appointed Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas.source
  • 1564António de Noronha becomes viceroy of India (until 1568)source
  • 1590As part of the O'Donnell Succession dispute the Battle of Doire Leathan is fought in County Donegal. Sir Donnell O'Donnell, one of the leading claimants to the title, is defeated and killed by forces backing his half-brother and rival Hugh Roe O'Donnell.source
  • 1632The last executions of Christians in Japan take place as four Spanish missionaries (including Augustinin friar Bartholomew Gutierrez) and two Japanese converts are burned alive in Nagasaki. They are beatified in 1867 as the last of the 205 Martyrs of Japan.source
  • 1639The alliance of cantons in Switzerland known as the Three Leagues or Raetia agrees with Spain to bring Italy's Valtellina area back into the alliance, on the condition that the Catholic faith of the natives be respected.source
  • 1649Oliver Cromwell leads England's New Model Army to start the Siege of Drogheda in Ireland, and breaks through on September 11, executing the last of the original 2,550 Irish Catholic defenders and their leader, the English Royalist Sir Arthur Aston.source
  • 1650Third English Civil War: Battle of Dunbar (1650) – Parliamentarian forces under Oliver Cromwell defeat a Scottish army, commanded by David Leslie.source
  • 1650Oliver Cromwell is victorious over the Scottish Covenanters at the Battle of Dunbar, opening the Anglo-Scottish war (1650–1652).source
  • 1651Charles II of England is defeated in the Battle of Worcester, the last major battle of the English Civil War, and forced to flee.source
  • 1651English Civil War: Battle of Worcester – Charles II, leading a largely Scottish army, is defeated in the last main battle of the war and begins his escape northwards.source
  • 1654In England, the First Protectorate Parliament assembles.source
  • 1654First Protectorate Parliament assembles.source
  • 1658Richard Cromwell proclaimed Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland upon the death of his father, Oliver Cromwell.source
  • 1689September 3–12 – Messengers from over 100 Baptist churches assemble in the City of London to discuss and endorse the 1677 document that will become known as the 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith.source
  • 1691HMS Coronation and HMS Harwich are lost in a storm while making for shelter in Plymouth Sound with 900 killed.source
  • 1691HMS Coronation and HMS Harwich are lost in a storm while making for shelter in Plymouth Sound with 900 killed.source
  • 1705August 31–September 5 – War of the Spanish Succession: The Siege of Zoutleeuw is carried out by the alliance of Dutch, English, Scottish and Holy Roman Empire troops against the French-held fortress of Zoutleeuw (in modern-day Belgium).source
  • 1719The three-story tall Opernhaus am Zwinger, one of the largest opera houses in the world at the time, opens in Dresden by staging Antonio Lotti's Giovi in Argo.source
  • 1725Treaty of Hanover signed between Great Britain, France and Prussia.source
  • 1753Tanacharison, a chief of the Oneida people tribe that is one of the "Six Nations" of the Iroquois Confederacy, meets with French officers who have come into the Ohio and Allegheny region and warns them not to advance further into the Iroquois territory.source
  • 1758Távora affair: Joseph I of Portugal survives an assassination attempt.source
  • 1775August 29 – September 12 – The Independence Hurricane from South Carolina to Nova Scotia kills 4,170, mostly fishermen and sailors.source
  • 1777American Revolutionary War – Battle of Cooch's Bridge: British and Hessian forces defeat an American militia in a minor skirmish in New Castle County, Delaware.source
  • 1777American Revolutionary War: Battle of Cooch's Bridge – In a minor skirmish in New Castle County, Delaware, the flag of the United States was flown in battle for the first time.source
  • 1783Peace of Paris: A treaty between the United States and Great Britain is signed in Paris, formally ending the American Revolutionary War, in which Britain recognizes the independence of the United States; and treaties are signed between Britain, France, and Spain at Versailles, ending hostilities with the Franco-Spanish Alliance.source
  • 1783American independence is formally recognized at the Treaty of Paris.source
  • 1787the Leslie Baronetcy, of Tarbert in the County of Kerry, is created in the Baronetage of Ireland for Edward Leslie.source
  • 1792September 2–7 – French Revolution: September Massacres – Rampaging mobs slaughter three Roman Catholic bishops and more than 200 priests, together with at least 1,000 other criminals.source
  • 1816Pope Pius VII sends a directive to Stanisław Bohusz Siestrzeńcewicz, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Mohilev, advising Siestrzeńcewicz not to continue the Russian Bible Society's plans to circulate the Scriptures written in the Russian language, commenting that "if the Sacred Scriptures were allowed in the vulgar tongue, more detriment than benefit would arise."source
  • 1821The 1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane strikes New York City.source
  • 1826The USS Vincennes, commanded by William Finch, leaves New York City to become the first U.S. warship to circumnavigate the globe.source
  • 1827Ho-Chunk leader Red Bird surrenders to U.S. officials, ending the Winnebago War.source
  • 1846Electric Telegraph Company founded in Britain.source
  • 1854August 31–September 8 – An epidemic of cholera in London kills over 10,000. Dr John Snow traces the source of one outbreak (that killed 500) to a single water pump, validating his theory that cholera is water-borne, and forming the starting point for epidemiology.source
  • 1855The last Bartholomew Fair is held in London, England.source
  • 1860September 3–5 – The First International Chemistry Congress is held in Karlsruhe, Baden.source
  • 1861Confederate General Leonidas Polk invades neutral Kentucky, prompting the state legislature to ask for Union assistance.source
  • 1864September 1 – September 9: Charlottetown Conference, noted as the first step towards Confederationsource
  • 1868Emperor Meiji of Japan announces that the name of the city of Edo is to be changed to Tokyo.source
  • 1868September 3 (Keiō 4, 17th day of the 7th month) – Emperor Meiji announces that the name of the city of Edo was being changed to Tokyo, or "eastern capital".source
  • 1871New York City residents, tired of the corruption of the Tammany Hall political machine and "Boss" William M. Tweed, its "Grand Sachem", meet to form the 'Committee of Seventy' to reform local politics.source
  • 1873The town of Cooktown, Queensland is founded after gold is discovered at the Palmer River, sparking a gold rush.source
  • 1878Over 640 die when the crowded pleasure boat SS Princess Alice collides with the Bywell Castle in the River Thames.source
  • 1878over 640 die when the crowded pleasure boat SS Princess Alice collides with the Bywell Castle in the River Thames.source
  • 1892Three years after the formation of the Football League, a Second Division is created. Its twelve members are: Small Heath of Birmingham, Sheffield United, Darwen of Lancashire, Grimsby Town, Ardwick of Manchester, Burton Swifts of Staffordshire, Northwich Victoria of Cheshire, Bootle of Liverpool, Lincoln City, Crewe Alexandra, Burslem Port Vale of Staffordshire and Walsall Town Swifts.source
  • 1894Labour Day celebrated for the first time in Canada.source
  • 1895The first professional American football game is played, in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, between the Latrobe YMCA and the Jeannette Athletic Club (Latrobe wins 12–0).source
  • 1896Nearly 13,176 members of Ezhava community led by Padmanabhan Palpu submits a petition for rights named Ezhava Memorial before Moolam Thirunal of Travancore.source
  • 1903Los Angeles real estate investor Griffith J. Griffith shoots his wife in the face at the Arcadia Hotel in Santa Monica.source
  • 1914Pope Benedict XV (Giacomo della Chiesa) succeeds Pope Pius X.source
  • 1918The Bolshevik government of Russia publishes the first official announcement of the Red Terror, a period of repression against political opponents, as an "Appeal to the Working Class" in the newspaper Izvestia.source
  • 1922The Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, the world's third purpose-built motorsport race track, is officially opened at Monza in the Lombardy Region of Italy.source
  • 1924The Saber noise occurs.source
  • 1925The U.S. Navy dirigible Shenandoah breaks up in a squall line near Caldwell, Ohio, killing 14 crewmen.source
  • 1925The U.S. Navy dirigible Shenandoah breaks up in a squall line over Ohio en route to Scottfield, St. Louis; 14 crewmen are killed.source
  • 1928Philo Farnsworth demonstrates to the press in San Francisco the world's first working all-electronic television system, employing electronic scanning in both the pickup and display devices.source
  • 1929The Dow Jones Industrial Average peaks at 381.17, a height it would not reach again until November 1954.source
  • 1930The huge 1930 San Zenón hurricane in the Caribbean demolishes most of the city of Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic.source
  • 1935English driver Sir Malcolm Campbell becomes the first person to drive an automobile at 300 miles per hour in Blue Bird, establishing a new absolute land speed record of 301.337 mph on the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah.source
  • 1939Chamberlain offers the war cabinet post of First Lord of the Admiralty to Winston Churchill, who returns to government for the first time since June 4, 1929.source
  • 1939The United Kingdom, France, New Zealand, Australia and India (by its Viceroy) declare war on Nazi Germany. Prime Minister of Canada Mackenzie King, in English, and Justice Minister Ernest Lapointe, in French, give an international radio address stating the Dominion's intention to declare war also.source
  • 1939The United Kingdom declared war on Germany following the German invasion of Poland on 1 September.source
  • 1939A planned international football friendly between Poland and Bulgaria in Warsaw was cancelled due to the invasion of Poland. On the same day, the Gordon Bennett cup in ballooning, planned in Lwów, was cancelled. Three other international matches were cancelled in September, between Poland and Yugoslavia in Belgrade on 6 September, and two matches on the 24 September between Poland B Team and Finland in Helsinki, and Poland A Team and Romania in Bucharest.source
  • 1939United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt advocates neutrality, in a nationwide radio address.source
  • 1939Ocean liner SS Athenia becomes the first British civilian casualty of the war, when she is torpedoed and sunk by GS U-30 in the eastern Atlantic. Of the 1,418 aboard, 98 passengers and 19 crew are killed.source
  • 1939British liner SS Athenia becomes the first civilian casualty of the war when she is torpedoed and sunk by GS U-30 in the eastern Atlantic. Of the 1,418 aboard, 117 are killed (98 passengers and 19 crew members).source
  • 1939Clyde-built liner SS Athenia becomes the first civilian casualty of the war when she is torpedoed and sunk by GS U-30 in the vicinity of Rockall. Of the 1,418 aboard, 98 passengers and 19 crew are killed; the first survivors are brought in to Greenock. On 7 September, survivors are visited by John F. Kennedy, son of the US Ambassador and future 35th President of the United States.source
  • 1941The Holocaust: SS-Hauptsturmführer Karl Fritzsch first uses the pesticide Zyklon B to execute Soviet prisoners of war en masse at Auschwitz concentration camp; eventually it will be used to kill about 1.2 million people.source
  • 1942WWII: Erwin Rommel orders a general retreat and carries the German forces of Panzer Army Africa back to the line running from Tel el Eisa – Deir el Shein - west of Deir el Munassib down to the Qattara Depression. Allied forces of the 2nd New Zealand Division and the British 7th Armoured Division ("Desert Rats") begin an assault, but they are repelled in a fierce rearguard action by the German 90th Light Division. During the attack, Rommel loses some 2,900 men, 50 tanks, a similar number of guns, and 400 vehicles.source
  • 1943Eleanor Roosevelt flies out from Auckland.source
  • 1949The All Blacks lose two tests on the same daysource
  • 1950Italian racing driver Giuseppe Farina becomes the first winner of the FIA Formula One World Championship, being the only driver to win the championship in his home country.source
  • 195450,000 workers in Chile strike, leading the government to threaten measures against the strikers.source
  • 1955Yumiko-chan incidentsource
  • 1955Little Richard records "Tutti Frutti" in New Orleans; it is released in October.source
  • 1955African American rock singer Little Richard records "Tutti Frutti" in New Orleans; it is released in October.source
  • 1958Brian Barratt-Boyes performs New Zealand's first open heart surgery at Auckland's Green Lane Hospital.source
  • 19671966–67 Balkans Cup: Albania is defeated by Turkey 3-2 at Şükrü Saracoğlu Stadium, Istanbulsource
  • 1967At 5:00 a.m. local time, all road traffic in Sweden switches from left-hand traffic pattern to right-hand traffic.<source
  • 1968The Bartın earthquake affected the area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), causing 24–29 deaths and 200 injuriessource
  • 1970September 3–6 – Israeli forces fight Palestinian guerillas in southern Lebanon.source
  • 1970August 31 – September 5: Tropical Storm Norma.source
  • 1973A ferry capsizes in Kaohsiung, killing 25 women.source
  • 1976Viking program: The Viking 2 spacecraft lands at Utopia Planitia on Mars, taking the first close-up color photographs of the planet's surface.source
  • 1976A Lockheed C-130 Hercules of the Venezuelan Air Force crashed near Lajes Field, Azores Islands, Portugal, killing all 68 occupants on board.source
  • 1976A Lockheed C-130H Hercules crashed at the Azores Islands killing all 68 passengers and crew onboard.source
  • 1976A Venezuelan Air Force C-130 Hercules aircraft crashes near the runway of Lajes Airbase on Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal. The aircraft was transporting all members of the UCV University Choir, including Vinicio Adames. There were no survivors in the tragic accident.source
  • 1977August 29 – September 4:Hurricane Anitasource
  • 1979Aeroflot Flight A-513source
  • 1980Zimbabwe breaks diplomatic and consular relations with South Africa, even though it maintains a commercial mission in Johannesburg.source
  • 1986Ling Liong Sik became MCA President.source
  • 1987In a coup d'état in Burundi, President Jean-Baptiste Bagaza is deposed by Major Pierre Buyoya.source
  • 1989El Espectador offices in Bogotá are bombed, killing at least one person and injuring over 80.source
  • 1990September 1–10 – Pope John Paul II visits Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda and Ivory Coast.source
  • 1991In Hamlet, North Carolina, a grease fire breaks out at the Imperial Foods chicken processing plant, killing 25 people.source
  • 1993The Massandra Accords were signed between Ukraine and the Russian Federation as result of negotiations that took place in the Massandra Palace at Yalta.source
  • 1996The third phase of the Tampines Expressway opens. More roads are planned for upgrading and widening, including on stretches of the Pan Island Expressway and East Coast Parkway, the PIE/TPE flyover and Upper Bukit Timah Road. The ERP system is still being tested.source
  • 1998South Africa now says it supports the intervention of the Democratic Republic of the Congo by Namibia, Zimbabwe and Angola, supporting Kabila.source
  • 1998South Africa now says it supports the intervention of DRC by Namibia, Zimbabwe and Angola, supporting Kabila.source
  • 1999ProTV Chișinău is established.source
  • 1999The 1999 Ontario Highway 401 crash occurs, involving 87 vehicles and killing 8.source
  • 2000Bangladesh repeals Vested Property Act.source
  • 2002August 26–September 4 – Earth Summit 2002 takes places in Johannesburg, South Africa, aimed at discussing sustainable development by the United Nations.source
  • 2002August 22–September 4 – Typhoon Rusa, the most powerful typhoon to hit South Korea in 43 years, makes landfall, killing at least 236 people.source
  • 2003Tropical Storm Henri hits the Bahamassource
  • 2005August 29 – September 4 – 2005 Asian Amateur Boxing Championships were held in Ho Chi Minh City.source
  • 2011September 3–18 – Lithuania will host EuroBasket 2011.source
  • 2012The African Development Bank pledges 56 billion CFA francs to help Togo repair border roads near Burkina Fasosource
  • 2016The US and China, together responsible for 40% of the world's carbon emissions, both formally join the Paris global climate agreement.source
  • 2017North Korea conducts its sixth and most powerful nuclear test.source
  • 2019A roadside explosion near Dallah kills 14 bus passengers.source
  • 2020Sudanese Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok and Abdelaziz al-Hilu, the leader of the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North (SPLM–N), sign an agreement to transition the country into a secular state. The agreement comes three days after the signing of a peace deal between Sudan's transitional government and the Sudan Revolutionary Front, which the SPLM–N opted out of. Weeks later on October 3, the transitional government signed a peace deal with the main rebel groups, including the SPLM–N, which had refused to engage in previous talks.source
  • 2020The skeletons of 200 mammoths and 30 other animals are unearthed at a construction site for the Mexico City Santa Lucía Airport. It is the largest find of mammoth bones to date, surpassing The Mammoth Site in the U.S. which had 61 skeletons.source
  • 2020After several delays, the first Slovene-built satellites, Nemo HD and Trisat, are carried successfully to space by Vega launch vehicle.source
  • 2021August 24–September 5 – The 2020 Summer Paralympics were held in Tokyo, Japan. They were originally scheduled for 25 August–6 September 2020, but were postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.source
  • 2024August 28 – September 8 – The 2024 Summer Paralympics are held in Paris, France.source

Births

  • 1032Go-Sanjō, Japanese emperor (died 1073)source
  • 1483Eric II, Duke of Mecklenburg (died 1508)source
  • 1499Diane de Poitiers, French duchess, mistress of Henry II of France (died 1566)source
  • 1568Adriano Banchieri, Italian composer (died 1634)source
  • 1587Countess Juliane of Nassau-Siegen, Landgravine of Hesse-kassel (died 1643)source
  • 1596Nicola Amati, Italian luthier from Cremona (died 1684)source
  • 1617Roshanara Begum, Mughal princess (died 1671)source
  • 1629Cornelis Tromp, Dutch naval officer (died 1691)source
  • 1675Paul Dudley, Attorney-General of Massachusetts (died 1751)source
  • 1677Jöran Nordberg, historian (died 1744)source
  • 1691Antoine-Alexis Perier de Salvert, French naval officer (died 1757)source
  • 1695Pietro Locatelli, Italian Baroque composer and violinist (died 1764)source
  • 1724Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester, British soldier and Governor of Quebec (died 1808)source
  • 1724Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester, soldier and Governor of Quebec (died 1808)source
  • 1728Matthew Boulton, English manufacturer, lifelong key partner of James Watt (died 1809)source
  • 1734Joseph Wright, British painter (died 1797)source
  • 1758Henrietta Clive, Countess of Powis (died 1822)source
  • 1781Eugène de Beauharnais, French nobleman, son of Napoleon's wife Joséphine (died 1824)source
  • 1782Benedict Joseph Fenwick, American Catholic bishop (died 1846)source
  • 1875Ferdinand Porsche, Austrian automotive engineer (died 1951)source
  • 1900Urho Kekkonen, 8th President of Finland (died 1986)source
  • 1913Henry Kao, politician, Mayor of Taipei (1954–1957, 1964–1972) and Ministry of Transportation and Communications (1927–1976).source
  • 1926Uttam Kumar, Bengali actor (died 1980)source
  • 1965Charlie Sheen, American actor and producersource
  • 1989Rayan al-Kildani, Iraqi Assyrian politician.source
  • 2020Ka Ying Rising, Thoroughbred racehorsesource

Deaths

  • 264Sun Xiu (Jing of Wu), Chinese emperor (born 235)source
  • 375Mansuetus, Christian bishop and saintsource
  • 618Xue Ju, emperor of Qinsource
  • 1063Henry II, archbishop of Augsburgsource
  • 1120Blessed Gerard, founder of the Knights Hospitallersource
  • 1244Guala de Roniis, bishop of Brescia (born 1180)source
  • 1279Étienne Tempier, French bishop and chancellorsource
  • 1301Alberto I, Italian nobleman and Chief magistratesource
  • 1402Gian Galeazzo Visconti, first Duke of Milan (born 1351)source
  • 1420Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, regent of Scotland (born 1339)source
  • 1455Alonso Tostado, Spanish Catholic bishopsource
  • 1467Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress (born 1434)source
  • 1481Amalie of Brandenburg, Countess Palatine and Duchess of Zweibruecken and Veldenz (born 1461)source
  • 1483The Princes in the Tower, uncrowned 12-year-old Edward V, recently deposed as King of England, is murdered in the Tower of London along with his 10-year-old brother, Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York, on the orders of their uncle, King Richard III.source
  • 1520Ippolito d'Este, Italian Catholic cardinal (born 1479)source
  • 1592Robert Greene, English writer (born 1558)source
  • 1619John Gordon, Scottish bishop (born 1544)source
  • 1634Edward Coke, English colonial entrepreneur and jurist (born 1552)source
  • 1634Edward Coke, colonial entrepreneur and jurist (born 1552)source
  • 1653Claudius Salmasius, French classical scholar (born 1588)source
  • 1658Oliver Cromwell dies and his son Richard assumes his father's position as Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.source
  • 1658Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (born 1599)source
  • 1658Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector (born 1599)source
  • 1662William Lenthall, English politician (born 1591)source
  • 1729Jean Hardouin, French scholar (born 1646)source
  • 1807September 2–7 – Battle of Copenhagen: The British Royal Navy bombards Copenhagen with fire bombs and phosphorus rockets, to prevent the Dano-Norwegian navy from surrendering to Napoleon; 30% of the city is destroyed, and 2,000 citizens are killed.source
  • 1820Benjamin Latrobe, Anglo-American architect (born 1764)source
  • 1856Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná, Brazilian politician (born 1801)source
  • 1857John McLoughlin, Canadian trapper (born 1784)source
  • 1877Adolphe Thiers, French historian, politician (born 1797)source
  • 1883Ivan Turgenev, Russian writer (born 1818)source
  • 1923Pedro José Escalón, politician (born 1847)source
  • 1948Edvard Beneš, Czech politician, 4th Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia and 2-time President of Czechoslovakia (born 1884)source
  • 1960In the bloodiest day of fighting since the Congo became independent of Belgium, more than 300 people were killed and 700 wounded as Congolese troops invaded the "Mining State" that had been declared by Albert Kalonji in the Kasai Province. The cities of Mwene Ditu and Laputa had been retaken by government troops loyal to Patrice Lumumba, while Kasai rebels were marching to defend the major city of Bakwanga (now Mbuji-Mayi).source
  • 2005William Rehnquist, 80, American lawyer and jurist, Chief Justice of the United States, thyroid cancer.source
  • 2007Steve Fossett, 63, American adventurer, aircrash.source
  • 2012Sun Myung Moon, 92, South Korean religious figure, founder of the Unification Church and The Washington Times, pneumonia.source
  • 2025At least 16 people are killed and over 21 are injured after the Glória funicular derailment in the centre of Lisbon, Portugal.source