1530 CE

Tangaxuan II, last cazonci of the Purépecha Empire, is executed by conquistador Nuño de Guzmán, ending the Purépecha Empire's independence from Spain. The Tribute of the Maltese Falcon, an agreement by the Grand Master of the Order of St John of Jerusalem to pay an annual tribute to the Charles V, King of Sicily, in return for an order granting the Knights full rulership of Tripoli and the islands of Malta and Gozo, is reached. The transfer of ownership takes place on October 26, 1550, although Tripoli is conquered by the Ottomans on August 15, 1551. The Knights of Malta are formed, when the Knights Hospitaller are given Malta by Charles V. They transfer the island capital from Mdina to Birgu.

In the 1530s, the 16th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

July 1 - The two French Princess the Dauphin François and Henri, are finally released from captivity and returned to France as part of the Treaty of Cambrai.France source
October 26 – The Knights of Malta are formed, when the Knights Hospitaller are given Malta by Charles V. They transfer the island capital from Mdina to Birgu.source

Conflict & Security

May 9 – The Kaqchikel people, a tribe of the Maya people of what is now the Sacatepéquez Department of Guatemala, surrender to the Spanish conquistadors.source
July 19 – Turkish Ottoman troops attempt to take the Hungarian town of Nagykörű but, according to local legend, the Turkish soldiers are lost in a marsh protecting the city.source
July 25 – The transfer of Tripoli, in North Africa, from Spain to the Knights of Malta, is formally accomplished, four months after an agreement was reached with Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Spain and King of Sicily.source
November 24 – Tabinshwehti succeeds his father Mingyi Nyo as king of the Toungoo dynasty, following the latter's death.source
December 26 – Humayun starts to rule the Mughal Empire after Babur's death.source
Austrian forces capture Esztergom, Hungary, and raid as far as Buda.source

Exploration & Expansion

January 20 – Sent on a mission to penetrate the interior of Mexico and to conquer the Kingdom of Michoacán, the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés leads a group of soldiers across the Lerma river through Cuitzeo and proceeds northwest. They arrive at Tonalá on March 24 and then take possession of the regions south of the Santiago River and north and west of Lake Chapala.source
July 30 – At Neue Augsburg (now Coro in the nation of Venezuela), German explorer Nikolaus Federmann becomes the acting governor of Klein-Venedig ("Little Venice") Germany's short-lived South American colony as Governor Ambrosius Ehinger takes a leave of absence to recover from malaria.source
December – Martim Afonso de Sousa's expedition sets out for Brazil from Portugal.source

Religion & Belief

January 5 – Strasbourg joins the Christliches Burgrecht, the Protestant alliance of Swiss cities.source
January 21 – Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, issues letters from his winter residence in Bologna, inviting members of the Imperial Diet to convene at Augsburg on April 8 to discuss various theological questions.source
February 24 – Charles V is crowned emperor in Bologna, by Pope Clement VII.source
April 8 – At the invitation of the Holy Roman Emperor, the members of the Imperial Diet open their session at Augsburg in Germany to prepare the Augsburg Confession, an official imperial set of rules for Protestantism.source
June 25 – The Augsburg Confession is presented to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.source
July 7 - King Francis I marries his second wife Eleanor of Austria at the Monastery of Beyries. Making him and his former enemy, Holy roman emperor Charles V brothers in law.France source
July 9 – The Tetrapolitan Confession, a Protestant confession of faith, is submitted jointly to Holy Roman Emperor Charles V on behalf of the southern German cities of Konstanz, Lindau, Memmingen and Strasbourg.source
September 15 – The miraculous portrait of Saint Dominic in Soriano appears in Soriano Calabro, Calabria.source
Babur's death ends his reign as Mughal emperor, and is succeeded by Humayun.India source

Technology & Infrastructure

The ducal palace of Celle is constructed in Germany.source

Health & Medicine

September – John Óge Kirwan (a.k.a. Jhonock Kirwan) becomes Mayor of Galway.Ireland source

Climate & Environment

October 8 – A flood engulfs Rome.source
November 5 – St. Felix's flood devastates Zeeland: a large part of the Verdronken Land van Reimerswaal is lost leading to decline of the city of Reimerswaal.source

Culture & Society

March 23 – The Tribute of the Maltese Falcon, an agreement by the Grand Master of the Order of St John of Jerusalem to pay an annual tribute to the Charles V, King of Sicily, in return for an order granting the Knights full rulership of Tripoli and the islands of Malta and Gozo, is reached. The transfer of ownership takes place on October 26, 1550, although Tripoli is conquered by the Ottomans on August 15, 1551.source
July 4 – King François of France marries Eleanor of Austria, daughter of King Philip the Handsome of Castile and widow of King Manuel I of Portugal.source
Erasmus publishes On Civility in Children (De Civilitate Morum Puerilium Libellus), which becomes popular and widely translated.source
First complete edition of the 'Zürich Bible', Huldrych Zwingli's translation into German printed by Christoph Froschauer, is published.source

Births

January 31 – Ōtomo Sōrin, Japanese Christian Daimyō (died 1587)source
February 18 – Uesugi Kenshin, Japanese samurai and warlord (died 1578)source
March 11 – Johann Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar (died 1573)source
May 5 – Gabriel de Lorges, Count of Montgomery, French nobleman (died 1574)source
May 7 – Louis I, Prince of Condé, French Protestant general (died 1569)source
June 17 – François de Montmorency, French nobleman (died 1579)source
June 23 – Jan Kochanowski, Polish writer (died 1584)source
July 3 – Claude Fauchet, French historian (died 1602)source
August 14 – Giambattista Benedetti, Italian mathematician and physicist (died 1590)source
August 25 – Ivan the Terrible (Ivan IV), Tsar of Russia (died 1584)source
September 30 – Geronimo Mercuriale, Italian philologist and physician (died 1606)source
October 30 – Charles de Rambouillet, French bishop and cardinal (d.1587)France source
November 1 – Étienne de La Boétie, French judge and writer (died 1563)source
November 1 – Étienne de La Boétie, French judge and political theorist (d.1563)France source
Thomas Bromley, English lord chancellor (died 1587)source
Jean Bodin, French jurist (died 1596)source
Jean Nicot, diplomat and scholar (d.1600)France source
Jean Bodin, philosopher and politician (d.1596).France source

Deaths

February 14 – Tangaxuan II, last cazonci of the Purépecha Empire, is executed by conquistador Nuño de Guzmán, ending the Purépecha Empire's independence from Spain.source
February 24 – Properzia de' Rossi, Italian Renaissance sculptor (born c. 1490)source
April 12 – Joanna la Beltraneja, princess of Castile (born 1462)source
June 4 – Maximilian Sforza, Duke of Milan (born 1493)source
June 5 – Mercurino di Gattinara, Italian statesman and jurist (born 1465)source
August 3 – Battle of Gavinana: Florence is captured by Spanish troops under Prince Philibert of Chalon (who is killed in the action). The Piagnon (followers of the memory of Girolamo Savonarola) are overthrown, ending the Siege of Florence, and the Medici are restored, in the person of the Pope's nephew Alessandro de' Medici.source
August 6 – Jacopo Sannazaro, Italian poet (born 1458)source
August 10 – Konstanty Ostrogski, Grand Hetman of Lithuania (born 1460)source
September 13 – Queen Jeonghyeon, Korean royal consort (born 1462)source
October 10 – Thomas Grey, 2nd Marquess of Dorset, English noble (born 1477)source
November 24 – Mingyi Nyo, founder of the Toungoo Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) (born 1459)source
November 29 – Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, British statesman (born c. 1473)source
December 1 – Margaret of Austria, Regent of the Netherlands (born 1480)source
December 26 – Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire (born 1483)source
26 December – Babur, Mughal Emperor (born 1483).India source
Estienne de La Roche, mathematician (b.1470)France source
Richard Mór Burke 9th lord of ClanricardeIreland source