1569 CE
The first recorded lottery in England begins and continues, nonstop, at the west door of St Paul's Cathedral in London until May 6, when the winner is drawn. Each share costs ten shillings, and proceeds are used to repair harbours, and for other public works. Burma invades Siam and captures Ayutthaya. Siam becomes a vassal of Burma. The Rising of the North begins in England as the Earl of Westmorland and the Earl of Northumberland, both Catholic nobles, set off from Brancepeth Castle in County Durham with 700 men, in hopes of overthrowing Queen Elizabeth I and placing the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, on the English throne.
In the 1560s, the 16th century.
Geopolitics & Diplomacy
- July 1 – The Union of Lublin unites the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, following votes in the Assemblies of three Lithuanian provinces (Volhynia, Ukraine and Podlasie) in favour of the incorporation.source
- August 27 – The Grand Duchy of Tuscany is formed.source
- 13 November - Peace negotiations between Sweden and Denmark in Knäred.Swedensource
- November 26 — Francisco Álvarez de Toledo becomes the new Spanish Viceroy of Peru, succeeding Lope García de Castro as the governor-general of all Spanish territory in South America.source
- Aliya Rama Raya becomes emperor of Vijayanagara EmpireIndiasource
Conflict & Security
- 8 February – 21 March – Siege of RanthamboreIndiasource
- March 13 – Battle of Jarnac: Royalist troops under Marshal Gaspard de Tavannes surprise and defeat the Huguenots under Louis I, Prince of Condé, who is captured and murdered. A substantial proportion of the Huguenot army manages to escape, under Gaspard II de Coligny.source
- April 15 – Burmese–Siamese War: Mahinthrathirat reclaims the throne of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (modern Thailand) upon the death of King Maha Chakkraphat.source
- May 8 – King Bayinnaung of Burma puts down the revolt by Setthathirath of Lan Xang (modern Laos), and ending Lan Xang's attempt to rescue Thailand's Ayutthaya Kingdom from conquest.source
- June 10 – German Protestant troops reinforce Coligny, near Limoges.source
- July 24 – Huguenot forces under Gaspard II de Coligny and 15-year-old Prince Henry of Navarre begin the siege of Poitiers, a Roman Catholic stronghold. The siege fails and the Huguenots depart on September 7.source
- August 2 – Burma invades Siam and captures Ayutthaya. Siam becomes a vassal of Burma.source
- August 24 – Battle of Orthez: Huguenot forces under Gabriel de Lorges, Count of Montgomery defeat Royalist forces under General Terride, in French Navarre. Catholics surrender under the condition that their lives will be spared. Huguenots agree, but then massacre the Catholics anyway.source
- September 7 – A Royalist army under the Duc d'Anjou and Marshal Tavannes forces Coligny to abandon the siege of Poitiers.source
- September 29 – Maha Thammarachathirat is installed by the Burmese Army as the vassal king of Ayutthaya.source
- September – A Royalist army under the Duc d'Anjou and Marshal Tavannes forces Coligny to abandon the siege of Poitiers.Francesource
- October 3 – Battle of Moncontour: The Royalist forces of Gaspard de Saulx Tavannes and the Duc d'Anjou defeat Gaspard II de Coligny's Huguenots, killing 8,000 and taking 3,000 prisoner.source
- October 3 – Battle of Moncountour: The Royalist forces of Tavannaes and Anjou defeat Coligny's Huguenots.Francesource
- 24 October - Sweden invades the Danish province of Scania.Swedensource
- 29 October - Sweden conquer Åhus.Swedensource
- October - Denmark–Norway besieges Varberg.Swedensource
- November 11 — Danish General Daniel Rantzau arrives at the Swedish-held Varberg castle at Halland and orders his artillery to shell the castle with cannon fire. The Swedish defenders fire back with their own artillery and Rantzau's head is taken off by a cannonball on the first day.source
- November 14 — The siege of Varberg Castle by Denmark ends after three days of shelling the Swedish defenders.source
- December 2 — The Catholic army of the Duc d'Anjou inflicts another defeat on the Huguenots of Coligny, successfully besieging Saint-Jean-d'Angély.source
- December 6 — The Kanbara castle, held by the Hōjō clan in what becomes the Shizuoka Prefecture of Japan falls after a siege by Takeda Katsuyori of the Takeda clan. Hōjō Ujinobu, who had 1,000 men defending, commits suicide after the defeat.source
- December 13 — An English counterattack against the Northern rebels begins as Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, marches from York with 10,000 men against the rebels' 6,000. The rebels disperse and flee northward back to Scotland, ending the Rising of the North.source
- 1569 Plot: The first of three conspiracies with the intent to depose John III of Sweden and reinstate the imprisoned Eric XIV on the Swedish throne is exposed in Sweden.source
- Sadasiva Raya rule as the emperor of Vijayanagara Empire ends with his death (started 1542)Indiasource
- Kuchera uprising against Mughal ruleIndiasource
Exploration & Expansion
- The trade compact of 1536 is renewed, exempting French merchants from Ottoman law, and allowing them to travel, buy and sell throughout the sultan's dominions, and to pay low customs duties on French imports and exports.source
Religion & Belief
- January 11 — The first recorded lottery in England begins and continues, nonstop, at the west door of St Paul's Cathedral in London until May 6, when the winner is drawn. Each share costs ten shillings, and proceeds are used to repair harbours, and for other public works.source
- 26 January - The deposition of Eric XIV in favor of John III is formally confirmed by the royal council.Swedensource
- February 26 — Pope Pius V issues a papal bull expelling all Jews from Italian and French territories.source
- September 17 – Pope Pius V issues the papal bull Consueverunt Romani Pontifices setting specific elements for the devotion of the Rosary.source
- Mughal Emperor Akbar founds Fatehpur Sikri, to honor the Muslim holy man Shaikh Salim Chisti, who has foretold the birth of Akbar's son and heir, Jahangir.source
Technology & Infrastructure
Science & Discovery
- The Mercator projection is first used in Gerardus Mercator's world map, Nova et Aucta Orbis Terrae Descriptio ad Usum Navigantium Emendata.source
Crime & Justice
Climate & Environment
- September 26 – Kasim Pasha ends his attempt to conquer Astrakhan after realizing that his troops have only one month's supply of food left.source
Culture & Society
- 10 July - Coronation of John III and Catherine Jagiellon.Swedensource
- September 28 – The first complete printed Bible in a Spanish translation (La Biblia), made by Casiodoro de Reina, is published in Basel.source
- November 9 – The Rising of the North begins in England as the Earl of Westmorland and the Earl of Northumberland, both Catholic nobles, set off from Brancepeth Castle in County Durham with 700 men, in hopes of overthrowing Queen Elizabeth I and placing the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots, on the English throne.source
Births
- January 20 – Heribert Rosweyde, Jesuit hagiographer (died 1629)source
- February 13 – Johann Reinhard I, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (died 1625)source
- March 28 – Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma (died 1622)source
- April 16 – John Davies, English poet and lawyer (died 1626)source
- July 3 – Thomas Richardson, English politician and judge (died 1635)source
- July 19 – Conrad Vorstius, Dutch theologian (died 1622)source
- July 30 – Karl I, Prince of Liechtenstein (died 1627)source
- August 31 – Jahangir, Mughal emperor (died 1627)source
- September 23 – Tachibana Ginchiyo, female samurai leader of the Tachibana clan in Japan (died 1602)source
- September – Arthur Lake, English bishop, a translator of the King James Bible (died 1626)source
- October 14 – Giambattista Marino, Italian poet (died 1625)source
- 5 November - Nils Turesson Bielke, statesman, member of the privy council (died 1639)Swedensource
- November 18 – Antonio Marcello Barberini, Italian cardinal and the younger brother of Maffeo Barberini (died 1646)source
- December 15 – Muzio Oddi, Italian mathematician (died 1639)source
- December 22 – Étienne Martellange, French architect (died 1641)source
- December 22 – Étienne Martellange, architect (d.1641)Francesource
- Prince Salim (later named Jahangir) was born to Akbar.Indiasource
- Niall Garve O'Donnell (Niall Garbh Ó Domhnaill), last Prince of Tyrconnell (died 1626)Irelandsource
Deaths
- January 15 – Catherine Carey, English lady-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth I (born 1524)source
- January 20 – Myles Coverdale, English Bible translator (born c. 1488)source
- March 13 – Louis I, Prince of Condé, French Protestant general, executed (born 1530)source
- March 13 – Louis, Prince of Condé, French Protestant general (born 1530)Francesource
- April 15 –Maha Chakkraphat, Siamese King of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (born 1509)source
- May 10 – John of Ávila, Spanish mystic and saint (born 1500)source
- May 27 – François de Coligny d'Andelot, French general (born 1521)source
- June 11 – Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken (born 1526)source
- September 5 – Edmund Bonner, Bishop of London (born c. 1500)source
- September 9 – Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Flemish paintersource
- October 3 – Philibert, Margrave of Baden-Baden (born 1536)source
- November 24 – Celio Secondo Curione, Italian humanist (born 1503)source
- November 29 – António Ferreira, Portuguese poet (born 1528)source
- December 15 – Ludowika Margaretha of Zweibrücken-Bitsch, spouse of Count Philip V of Hanau-Lichtenberg (born 1540)source
- December 23 – Philip II, Metropolitan of Moscow (born 1507)source
- Pierre-Olivier Malherbe, French explorer (d.1616)Francesource
- Sadasiva Raya, emperor of Vijayanagara EmpireIndiasource
- The 1569 Plot, a conspiracy to free the deposed king from prison is discovered and the conspirators are executed.Swedensource