1619 CE

Earthquake flattens the town of Trujillo, Peru, killing hundreds in the town and causing landslides in the surrounding countryside killing hundreds more. Native Irish ordered to leave lands of the British Plantation of Ulster by this date or be fined. Thirty-eight colonists from England disembark in Berkeley Hundred, Virginia from the Margaret of Bristol and have a day of celebration to give thanks to God, in what is considered by some historians to be the first Thanksgiving in the Americas.

In the 1610s, the 17th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

April 30 – The Treaty of Angoulême ends the French civil war between Louis XIII and his mother, Marie de' Medici.source
1 May – native Irish ordered to leave lands of the British Plantation of Ulster by this date or be fined.Ireland source
May 30 – Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Governor General of the Dutch East Indies, conquers Jayakarta, and renames it Batavia.source
July 30 – In Jamestown, Virginia, the first English-speaking representative assembly in the Americas, the Virginia General Assembly (later named House of Burgesses), convenes for the first time.source
August 20 – A group of "twenty and odd" enslaved Africans, onboard the privateer ship White Lion (the first in the state of Virginia), are landed at Point Comfort in colonial Virginia.source
August 26 – Frederick V of the Palatinate is elected King of Bohemia by the states of the Bohemian Confederacy.source
5 September – Church of Holmen is inaugurated in the former naval anchor forge in Copenhagen.Denmark source
September 7 – Gaj Singh Rathore becomes the new Raja of Marwar (within the Mughal Empire) at Jodhpur in what is now the Indian state of Rajasthan, succeeding his father, Sur Singh.source
October 8 – Thirty Years' War – The Treaty of Munich is signed by Ferdinand II and Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria.source
Salé Rovers declare the port of Salé on the Barbary Coast to be the Republic of Salé, independent of the Sultan of Morocco, with the Dutch-born corsair Jan Janszoon as president.source
The Älvsborg Ransom (1613) is finally paid in full to the Danes, and Älvsborg is returned to Sweden.Sweden source

Conflict & Security

April 18 – Battle of Sarhu: Manchu leader Nurhaci is victorious over the Ming forces.source
June 10 – Thirty Years' War – Battle of Sablat: Protestant forces are defeated.source
August 5 – Thirty Years' War: Battle of Věstonice – Bohemian forces defeat the Austrians.source
September 5 – In the course of a revolt against the Habsburg Empire, Prince Gabriel Bethlen of Transylvania (now in Romania) conquers Kassa (now Košice in Slovakia) with the help of George I Rákóczi.source
November 23 – Thirty Years' War– Battle of Humenné: Polish Lisowczycy troops assist the Holy Roman Emperor by defeating a Transylvanian force, forcing Gabor Bethlen to raise his siege of Vienna.source

Exploration & Expansion

19 February – Ove Gjedde captures two French privateers off Cape Verde.Denmark source
28 March – Captain Nicholas Pynnar completes his Survey of the Escheated Counties of Ulster.Ireland source
9 May – King Christian IV sends out an expedition led by Jens Munk to find the North-West Passage. On board is also Rasmus Jensen, the first Lutheran cleric in Canada.Denmark source
December 4 – Thirty-eight colonists from England disembark in Berkeley Hundred, Virginia from the Margaret of Bristol and have a day of celebration to give thanks to God, in what is considered by some historians to be the first Thanksgiving in the Americas.source
Jahangir grants a British mission important commercial concessions at Surat, on the west coast of India.source
An expedition in Sri Lanka, led by Filipe de Oliveira, deposes and executes the last Jaffna king (Cankili II), putting an end to the Jaffna Kingdom.source
The Danish–Dutch whaling settlement of Smeerenburg is founded in Svalbard.source
A Spanish expedition sails around Tierra del Fuego, mapping the coast and discovering the Diego Ramírez Islands.source

Religion & Belief

May 8 – The Synod of Dort has its final meeting.source
May 13 – Anne of Denmark, queen consort of England, is buried at Westminster Abbey.source
August 28 – Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria and King of Bohemia, is elected Holy Roman Emperor unanimously by the prince-electors.source
3 October – Lancelot Bulkeley is consecrated Archbishop of Dublin (Church of Ireland), an office he will hold until 1650.Ireland source

Technology & Infrastructure

March – construction of the walls of Derry by The Honourable The Irish Society is completed, at a cost of £10,757.Ireland source
Stewart Castle, Newtownstewart, County Tyrone, is built by Sir Robert Newcomen.Ireland source

Science & Discovery

November 10 – While stationed along the Danube river with Bavarian troops, René Descartes, according to his biographer Adrien Baillet, has a series of dreams giving him the idea of applying the mathematical method to philosophy.source

Health & Medicine

An outbreak of plague hits Copenhagen, killing 7,000 people in the period 1619-20.Denmark source

Crime & Justice

Reinhold Timm is engaged as drawing teacher at Aorø Academy.Denmark source

Disasters & Accidents

January 12 – James I of England's Banqueting House, Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire. Inigo Jones is commissioned to design a replacement.source

Climate & Environment

February 14 – Earthquake flattens the town of Trujillo, Peru, killing hundreds in the town and causing landslides in the surrounding countryside killing hundreds more.source

Culture & Society

6 April – A royal decree states that everybody who builds a "good house" in Christianshavn will get a deed on the lots and several years of tax discounts.Denmark source
June 21 – Dulwich College founded by Edward Alleyn, in Dulwich, London.source
September 9 – The coronation of Ferdinand II takes place in Vienna.source
November 16 – William Parker School, Hastings, England, is founded by the will of Reverend William Parker.source
Dermod O'Meara's text on genetic disorders, De Moribus: Pathologia Haereditaria Generalis is published in Dublin, the first work in Latin and the first medical text published in Ireland.Ireland source

Births

January 10 – Philip Sidney, 3rd Earl of Leicester, English politician (died 1698)source
January 24 – Yamazaki Ansai, Japanese philosopher (died 1682)source
February 9 – Queen Inseon, Korean royal consort (died 1674)source
February 24 – Charles Le Brun, French painter and art theorist (died 1690)source
February 24 – Robert Aske, merchant in the City of London (died 1689)source
February 26 – Francesco Morosini, Doge of Venice from 1688 to 1694 (died 1694)source
March 6 – Cyrano de Bergerac, French soldier and poet (died 1655)source
6 March – Cyrano de Bergerac, novelist and playwright, (died 1655)France source
March 25 – Peter Mews, English Royalist theologian and bishop (died 1706)source
17 April – Birgitte Thott, translator, writer and feminist (died 1662)Denmark source
April 21 – Jan van Riebeeck, Dutch founder of Cape Town (died 1677)source
June 14 (bapt.) – Sir Jeffrey Hudson, English court dwarf (died 1682)source
July 3 – Hyojong of Joseon, 17th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea (1649–1659) (died 1659)source
August 6 – Barbara Strozzi, Italian singer and composer (died 1677)source
August 29 – Jean-Baptiste Colbert, French minister of finance (died 1683)source
December 17 – Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Bohemian-born Royalist commander in the English Civil War (died 1682)source
Dudley Loftus, jurist and orientalist (died 1695)Ireland source
Gustaf Adolf Lewenhaupt, soldier and politician (died 1659)Sweden source

Deaths

January 7 – Nicholas Hilliard, English miniature painter (born c. 1547)source
February 9 – Lucilio Vanini, Italian philosopher (born 1585)source
12 February – Pierre de Larivey, dramatist (born 1549)France source
March 2 – Anne of Denmark, Queen of James I of England (born 1574)source
March 13 – Richard Burbage, English actor (born c. 1567)source
March 20 – Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor, Austrian Habsburg ruler (born 1557)source
10 April – Thomas Jones, Protestant churchman (born c.1550).Ireland source
April 18 – Taj Bibi Bilqis Makani, Mughal empress (born 1573)source
April/May – William Larkin, English court portrait painter (born early 1580s)source
May 13 – Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague, after having been convicted of treason.source
May 13 – Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Dutch statesman (born 1547)source
May 23 – Stephen Soame, Lord Mayor of London (born 1540)source
May – John Overall, English bishop (born 1559)source
19 August – Jørgen Lunge, Rigsmarsk (born 1577)Denmark source
September 3 – John Gordon, Scottish bishop (born 1544)source
September – Hans Lippershey, Dutch lensmaker (born 1570)source
October 14 – Samuel Daniel, English poet (born 1562)source
November – Jonas Charisius, physician, politician, and ambassador (born 1571)Denmark source