1706 CE

War of Spanish Succession: The uprising by Bavarians against the occupation of the Electorate of Bavaria by Austrian troops ends after 75 days, and ends the plans of Maximilian II Emanuel, the Elector of Bavaria, to bring Bavaria under the rule of the House of Wittelsbach. War of the Spanish Succession: English troops led by John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough together with Dutch and German troops defeat the French at the Battle of Ramillies. The Treaty of Union between Scotland and England is agreed upon in London, for ratification by the national legislatures.

In the 1700s, the 18th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • March 27 – Concluding that Emperor Iyasus I of Ethiopia has abdicated by retiring to a monastery, a council of high officials appoint Tekle Haymanot I Emperor of Ethiopia.source
  • March 31 – The last Courts (parliament) of the Principality of Catalonia are finished; their dissolution is presided over by King Philip V of Spain.source
  • April – commissioners assemble in London to agree a Treaty of Union between Scotland and England.Scotlandsource
  • 24 May – Garrisnon Church is inaugurated in Copenhagen.Denmarksource
  • July 22 – The Treaty of Union between Scotland and England is agreed upon in London, for ratification by the national legislatures.source
  • 22 July – Treaty of Union provides for England and Scotland to be merged into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707.Englandsource
  • October 13 – Augustus II, known as August der Starke (Augustus the Strong), Elector of Saxony, having ruled as King of Poland since 1706, signs the Treaty of Altranstädt (1706), renouncing all claims to the throne to settle his fight with Sweden during the Great Northern War.source
  • 31 October - Peace with Saxony in the Treaty of Altranstädt (1706).Swedensource
  • November 4 – The Parliament of Scotland votes, 116 to 83, to approve the merger of Scotland with England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.source
  • 4 November – the Parliament of Scotland votes in favour of the Union with England Act by 116 votes to 83.Scotlandsource
  • 20 November – a copy of the Treaty of Union is burnt publicly in Dumfries.Scotlandsource
  • December 31 – François Martin, the first Governor General of French India (now part of India's union territory of Puducherry), retires after seven years and is replaced by Pierre Dulivier.source
  • In 1706, the census of New France was 16,417.Canadasource
  • The VOC officials are forced to relinquish their land, and monopolies are revoked, as the VOC reaffirms its policy prohibiting officials from farming and trading, restricting them to administrative duties.South Africasource

Conflict & Security

  • January 26 – War of Spanish Succession: The uprising by Bavarians against the occupation of the Electorate of Bavaria by Austrian troops ends after 75 days, and ends the plans of Maximilian II Emanuel, the Elector of Bavaria, to bring Bavaria under the rule of the House of Wittelsbach.source
  • January 26 – Great Northern War – Battle of Grodno: A coalition of 34,000 Swedish and Polish troops besieges the then-Lithuanian city in the winter time, and clashes with 41,000 Russian and Saxon troops. After almost three months of fighting that lasts to April 10, Sweden takes control of the city, which is now located in Belarus.source
  • 2 February - Swedish victory in the Battle of Fraustadt.Swedensource
  • February 13 – Great Northern War – Battle of Fraustadt: Outnumbered more than 4 to 1 in infantry troops, and more than 2 to 1 overall, Swedish troops under the command of General Carl Gustaf Rehnskiöld defeat a larger force of 20,000 Russian and Saxon infantry and cavalry.source
  • April 3–27 - Siege of BarcelonaSpainsource
  • April 10 – The Battle of Grodno ends with a Swedish victory over Russian troops.source
  • April 27 – War of the Spanish Succession: After a siege of 14 days, a French and Spanish army fails to take control of Barcelona, which had been captured by Habsburg armies in 1705.source
  • May 23 – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Ramillies: English, Dutch, German, Swiss and Scottish troops led by John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, defeat Franco-Bavarian forces in the Low Countries.source
  • 23 May – War of the Spanish Succession: English troops led by John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough together with Dutch and German troops defeat the French at the Battle of Ramillies.Englandsource
  • June 28 – War of the Spanish Succession: Troops dispatched from Portugal capture Madrid and proclaim the Habsburg dynasty's Archduke Charles of Austria to be the King Carlos III of Spain, after the Bourbon ruler, Philip V, has fled.source
  • August 4 – War of the Spanish Succession: The Spanish Bourbon armies of King Philip V retake Madrid from the Portuguese and Habsburg Austria troops that had entered the city in June.source
  • September 7 – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Turin: Forces of Austria and Savoy defeat the French near what is now the Italian city of Torino.source
  • 8 September – Battle of CastiglioneFrancesource
  • October 29 - Swedish defeat in the Battle of Kalisz.Swedensource
  • November 6 – A British attempt to conquer the Canary Islands fails when a fleet of 12 Royal Navy warships, commanded by Admiral John Jennings is forced to retreat after being met by a heavy artillery attack while sailing into Santa Cruz Baysource
  • December 14 – Spanish General Alexandre Maître, Marquis de Bay leads the successful capture of Alcántara from Portugalsource
  • Battle of Valkininkai took place on the 6th of March in Valkininkai, Lithuania.Russiasource
  • Battle of Fraustadt took place from the 2nd-13th of February in modern-day Wschowa, Poland.Russiasource
  • Willem Adriaan van der Stel orders the arrest of Adam Tas and 60 signatories, causing the VOC to remove the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Chaplain, and Landdrost from their positions at the Cape.South Africasource

Exploration & Expansion

  • February 6 – The city of Albuquerque, New Mexico, is incorporated by governor Don Francisco Cuervo y Valdes as La Villa de Alburquerque in the Spanish colonial province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México in New Spain. Governor Cuervo sends a report on April 23 to the Spanish Crown and to New Spain's Governor, Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 10th Duke of Alburquerque announcing that the new villa, consisting of 35 families and having a population of 252 adults, has been named in honor of the Duke.source
  • May 12 – A total eclipse of the Sun takes place and is visible in most of Europe, with a path crossing modern-day Spain, France, Germany, Poland and Russiasource
  • June 9 – Frederick IV of Denmark-Norway sends the first two Protestant missionaries to India, dispatching Lutherans Heinrich Plütcshau and Bartholomeus Ziegenbalg to Denmark-Norway's colony in India, the Dansk Ostindien, based at Tharangambadi ("Tranquebar") in what is now the Tamil Nadu state.source
  • Opening of the Twinings tea shop in London, still open as of the 21st century.Englandsource
  • The first turnpike trust is established by Act of Parliament, which appoints 32 independent local trustees to oversee the maintenance and management of the road between Fonthill in Bedfordshire and Stony Stratford in Buckinghamshire.Englandsource
  • The predecessors of food manufacturers Crosse & Blackwell set up business in London.Englandsource
  • Ellis Pugh, Quaker colonist of Pennsylvania, returns to Wales for a two-year stay.Walessource

Religion & Belief

  • February – Regency Act (backdated to 1705) requires the senior officers of state to proclaim the next Protestant heir (at this time, Sophia of Hanover) as successor to the English throne on the death of Queen Anne.Englandsource
  • June 29 – Flemish Jesuit missionary François Noël is welcomed in China by the Kangxi Emperor at the Forbidden City in Beijing, and discusses the Emperor's disdain over the disapproval of Jesuit accommodation of Confucian rites by the Roman Catholic Church.source
  • December 9 – João V becomes the new King of Portugal upon the death of his father, Dom Pedro II, and begins a reign of 43 years.source
  • Ulster Scots clergyman Francis Makemie organizes the first presbytery in British America.Irelandsource
  • St George's Church in Bergen was built.Norwaysource
  • A Choice Collection of Comic and Serious Scots Poems both ancient and modern, by several hands edited by James Watson begins publication in Edinburgh.Scotlandsource

Technology & Infrastructure

  • The country house Nlågård outside Copenhagen's northern city gate is constructed by Prince Charles of Denmark.Denmarksource
  • Vyshny Volochyok Waterway was under constructionRussiasource
  • Adam Tas drafts a memorandum of complaint to the VOC Directorate in Batavia on behalf of farming burghers.South Africasource
  • Crickhowell Bridge rebuilt in stone.Walessource

Science & Discovery

Health & Medicine

  • 16 January – Stege Pharmacy is established in the town of Stege on Møn.Denmarksource
  • August 18 – King Louis XIV of France makes his last visit to Paris, and gets an update on the construction of the veterans' hospital at the Dome des Invalides, which he had commissioned more than 35 years earlier.source
  • 19 October – an Edinburgh mob opposed to the Union threatens the Lord Provost.Scotlandsource

Crime & Justice

  • June 11 – In Tibet, Lha-bzang Khan, khan of the Khoshut, kills the regent and kidnaps the 6th Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso, and kills the Lama's regent.source
  • 6 November – a Glasgow mob opposed to the Union threatens the Lord Provost.Scotlandsource
  • November 15 – Five months after having been deposed from his position as the Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso disappears while in exile in Qinghai and is presumed to have been murdered.source
  • Literacy test for Benefit of clergy abolished, making the benefit available to all first-time offenders of lesser felonies.Englandsource

Disasters & Accidents

  • The La troupe du Roi de Suede leaves Sweden and the theater of Bollhuset remains closed for fifteen years.Swedensource
  • At Esgair Hir mines, Cardiganshire, "The Governour and Company of the Mine-Adventurers of England [the company owned by Humphrey Mackworth] allow £20 per annum for a Charity-School for the Children of the miners and workmen belonging to the said Company. The said Company also give £30 yearly to a Minister to read prayers, preach, and catechise the children."Walessource

Climate & Environment

  • Adam Tas' memorandum accuses Willem Adriaan van der Stel and officials of illicit farming, trading, illegal landholding, and monopolies on wine, wheat, and meat.South Africasource

Culture & Society

  • 18 January - Erasmus Saunders is made Rector of Helmdon, Northamptonshire.Walessource
  • 8 April – George Farquhar's play The Recruiting Officer first performed at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane.Englandsource
  • April 8 – George Farquhar's Restoration comedy The Recruiting Officer first performed at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, in London.Irelandsource
  • 17 November - Thomas Mansel, future Baron Mansel, becomes 5th Baronet Mansel of Margam on the death of his father Edward Mansel.Walessource
  • November 21 – the Cox Baronetcy, of Dunmanway in the County of Cork, is created in the Baronetage of Ireland in favour of Richard Cox, Lord Chancellor of Ireland.Irelandsource
  • November 28 – The royal wedding of Prussia takes place in Berlin between the 18-year-old Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm and his bride Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, the 19-year-old daughter of the future King George I of Great Britain.source
  • John O'Heyne's Epilogus chronologicus exponens (a history of the Dominican Order in Ireland) is published in Louvain.Irelandsource

Births

  • January 7 – Johann Heinrich Zedler, German publisher (died 1751)source
  • January 17 – Benjamin Franklin, American inventor and Founding Father (died 1790)source
  • February 8 – Luis de Córdova y Córdova, Spanish admiral (died 1796)source
  • March 4 – Lauritz de Thurah, Danish architect and architectural writer (died 1759)source
  • March 6 – Sir George Pocock, British admiral (died 1792)source
  • March 28 – Andrew Oliver, merchant and public official in the province of Massachusetts Bay (died 1774)source
  • 1 April – Alexander Boswell, Lord Auchinleck judge (died 1782)Scotlandsource
  • April 18 – William Brattle, Attorney General of province of Massachusetts Bay as well as a physician (died 1776)source
  • July 3 – Robert Lee, 4th Earl of Lichfield, English politician and peer (died 1776)source
  • 15 August - Benjamin Dass, educator and book collector (died 1775).Norwaysource
  • August 16 – Bakht Singh of Marwar, Indian Raja of the Rathore Clan (died 1752)source
  • September 21 – Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg, second wife of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (died 1735)source
  • October 18 – Baldassare Galuppi, Venetian composer (died 1785)source
  • November 11 – Frederick William II, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, last Prince of Nassau-Siegen from the Calvinist line (died 1734)source
  • November 22 – Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough (died 1758)source
  • December 17 – Émilie du Châtelet, French mathematician and physicist (died 1749)source
  • James Abercrombie, British Army general and commander-in-chief of forces in North America during the French and Indian War (died 1781)Canadasource
  • Frederick Cornewall, MP for Montgomery Boroughs 1771-1774 (died 1788)Walessource

Deaths

  • January 10 – Luisa Roldán, Spanish sculptor (born 1652)source
  • 7 February – Didrik Muus, priest, painter, copper engraver (born 1633).Norwaysource
  • February 27 – John Evelyn, English writer, gardener and diarist (born 1620)source
  • March 9 – Johann Pachelbel, German composer, organist and teacher (born 1653)source
  • March 21 – Mary Channing, who was pregnant at the time that she was convicted of the murder of her husband, is burned at the stake at Dorset, in front of a crowd of 10,000 onlookers.source
  • March 31 – Sultan Muhammad Akbar, Mughal prince (born 1657)source
  • May 2 – Georg Joseph Kamel, Czech pharmacist, botanist and missionary (born 1661)source
  • July 9 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, French soldier, ship captain, explorer, founder of Louisiana (born 1661)source
  • 25 August – Lord John Hay, soldier (born c. 1668)Scotlandsource
  • October 13 – Iyasu I, emperor of Ethiopia (born 1654)source
  • October 13 – Iyasu I, Emperor of Ethiopia since 1682, is assassinated on the island of Tana, on orders of his son, Tekle Haymanot I, who has ruled in Iyasu's place. After being crowned as the new Emperor, Tekle Haymanot is stabbed to death in 1708 on orders of Iyasu's brother, Tewoflos.source
  • October 27 – Arsenije III Crnojević, Serbian archbishop (born 1633)source
  • 7 November - Daniel Price, Dean of St Asaph (date of birth unknown)Walessource
  • November 16 – Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest, Dutch admiral (born 1642)source
  • December 5 – Untung Surapati, Balinese slave-turned-warlord (born 1660)source
  • December 9 – King Peter II of Portugal, King of Portugal (born 1648)source
  • December 28 – Pierre Bayle, French philosopher and writer (born 1647)source
  • Tatyana Mikhailovna died on the 23rd of AugustRussiasource