1952 CE
The death of George VI occurs and Elizabeth II becomes queen of the United Kingdom; the Ivy Mike nuclear test succeeds at Enewetak Atoll; the 1952 Summer Olympics are held in Helsinki, Finland; the 1952 Egyptian Revolution establishes a republic; the Reparations Agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany is signed; the Great Smog of London causes widespread illness; the Catalina affair heightens Cold War tensions; the Bolivian National Revolution brings major reforms; and the 1952 Severo-Kurilsk earthquake kills thousands in Sakhalin.
In the 1950s, the 20th century.
Geopolitics & Diplomacy
- 27 January – Aly Maher Pasha became the Prime Minister of Egypt for the 3rd time.Egyptsource
- February 6 – Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the British Dominions: Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon. The princess, who is on a visit to Kenya when she hears of the death of her father, King George VI, aged 56, takes the regnal name Elizabeth II.source
- February 26 – Vincent Massey is sworn in, becoming the first Canadian-born Governor General of Canada.source
- March 20 – The United States Senate ratifies a peace treaty with Japan.source
- March 21 – Kwame Nkrumah is elected Prime Minister of the Gold Coast.source
- March 27 – A legislative Assembly election is held in Coorg.source
- April 18 – West Germany and Japan form diplomatic relations.source
- April 28 – The Treaty of San Francisco goes into effect, formally ending the war between Japan and the Allies, and simultaneously ending the occupation of the four main Japanese islands by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers.source
- 28 April – The signing of Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty in Taipei between Japan and the Republic of China.Taiwansource
- May 13 – Pandit Nehru forms his first government in India.source
- May 15 – Diplomatic relations are established between Israel and Japan at the level of legations.source
- 12 June – A law is reforming the organisation of the Luxembourg Army is passed.Luxembourgsource
- June 27 – Decree 900 in Guatemala orders the redistribution of uncultivated land.source
- July 13 – East Germany announces the formation of its National People's Army.source
- July 26 – King Farouk of Egypt abdicates, nominally in favour of his infant son Fuad II.source
- August 5 – The Treaty of Taipei between Japan and the Republic of China goes into effect, officially ending the Second Sino-Japanese War.source
- August 11 – The Jordanian Parliament forces King Talal of Jordan to abdicate due to mental illness; he is succeeded by his son King Hussein.source
- August 27 – Reparation negotiations between West Germany and Israel end in Luxembourg: Germany will pay 3 billion Deutsche Marks.source
- August 30 – The last Finnish war reparations are sent to the Soviet Union.source
- September 10 – The European Parliamentary Assembly (from March 1962, the European Parliament) opens.source
- 10 September – The Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany is signed. According to the Agreement, West Germany was to pay Israel for the slave labor and persecution of Jews during the Holocaust, and to compensate for Jewish property that was stolen by the Nazis.Israelsource
- October 23 – The West German Federal Constitutional Court bans the Socialist Reich Party as unconstitutional for being a Nazi Party successor organization.source
- November 4 – 1952 United States presidential election: Republican General Dwight D. Eisenhower defeats Democratic Governor of Illinois Adlai Stevenson (correctly predicted by the UNIVAC computer).source
- November 4 – Pace-Finletter MOU 1952: A Memorandum of understanding is signed between "...Air Force Secretary Finletter and Army Secretary Pace that established a fixed wing weight limit [for the Army] of five thousand pounds empty, but weight restrictions on helicopters were eliminated..."source
- 22 November – Colombia officially recognizes Venezuelan sovereignty over Los Monjes Archipelago.Colombiasource
- 23 November – Basic Principles Committee (BPC) presents the second revised report to the Constituent Assembly. The report called for a parity of representation between East and West Pakistan in parliament elected on the basis of separate balloting for minorities.Pakistansource
- November 29 – Korean War: U.S. President-elect Dwight D. Eisenhower fulfills a political campaign promise, by traveling to Korea to find out what can be done to end the conflict.source
- December 1 – Adolfo Ruiz Cortines takes office as President of Mexico.source
- December 10 – Albert Schweitzer is given the 1952 Nobel Peace Prize.source
- 16 December – Independent candidate Madai Puthan Damodaran Nair was sworn in as legislative councillor for Seletar Constituency in an uncontested walkover.Singaporesource
- December 26 – Joseph Ivor Linton, the first Israeli Minister Plenipotentiary in Japan, presents his credentials to the Emperor of Japan.source
- until 1953 – Estonian SSR is reorganized into three oblasts: Tallinn, Tartu, and Pärnu.Estoniasource
Conflict & Security
- February 21 – In Dhaka, East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) police open fire on a procession of students, killing 4 people and starting a country-wide protest, which leads to the recognition of Bengali as one of the national languages of Pakistan. The day is later declared "International Mother Language Day" by UNESCO.source
- 21 February – The first ethnic riots occur in Dhaka, East Pakistan against attempts to make Urdu the national language and lack of representation for Bengalis in central administration. This marks the start of the political struggle for the Bengali language movement.Pakistansource
- March 10 – General Fulgencio Batista re-takes power in Cuba in a coup.source
- March 21 – The last two executions in the Netherlands take place.source
- March 27 – Konrad Adenauer survives an assassination attempt organized by members of a small underground group connected to Irgun, an Israeli militant Zionist organization.source
- April 4 – At a tribunal in The Hague, Israel demands reparations worth $3 billion from West Germany.source
- 4 April – In the Hague Tribunal, Israel demands reparations worth $3 billion from Germany.Israelsource
- April 10 – Operation Four Roses, a counter-insurgency campaign whose main objective is to neutralize the four ranking leaders of the communist organization Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan (HMB; commonly known as Huks)—Luis Taruc, Jesus Lava, Alfredo Saulo, and Jose de Leon (Kumander Dimasalang), begins. The month-long operation by the Philippine Army will end with the deaths of 17 Huks and five soldiers, and the capture of nine Huks, although none of the main targets are among them.Philippinessource
- April 11 – Battle of Nanri Island: The Republic of China seizes the island from the People's Republic of China.source
- April 11 – Bolivian National Revolution: Rebels take over Palacio Quemado.source
- May 1 – East Germany threatens to form its own army.source
- June 13 – Polttoainehankinta, a secret Finnish Defence Forces operations order is approved.source
- June 19 – The Special Forces (United States Army) are created.source
- 2 July - A two-man Yugoslav patrol team is ambushed by Albania in Yugoslavian territory. The Albanians withdrew under the cover of their machine gun. One soldier was wounded in the skirmish.Albaniasource
- 12 July – Ambush of El TurpialColombiasource
- July 23 – General Mohammed Naguib leads the Free Officers (formed by Gamal Abdel Nasser – the real power behind the coup) in the overthrow of King Farouk of Egypt.source
- September 15 – The United Nations cedes Eritrea to Ethiopia.source
- 25 September – Legislative Councillor for Seletar Constituency Vilasini Menon resigned due to being charged with a criminal breach of trust in India along with her husband.Singaporesource
- October 17 – 17 October affair: Indonesian troops led by General Nasution surround the presidential palace, seeking the dismissal of the People's Representative Council; Sukarno avoids confrontation.source
- October 20 – Martial law is declared in Kenya, in the face of the Mau Mau uprising.source
- November 18 – Jomo Kenyatta is arrested in Kenya, for an alleged connection to the Mau Mau Uprising.source
- 22 November – Attempted assassination of journalist Ahmet Emin Yalman.Turkeysource
- During the Mau Mau Uprising, the poisonous latex of the African milk bush is used to kill cattle, in an incident of Biological warfare.source
- Doctors' plot: A group of prominent Moscow doctors, mostly Jewish, is falsely accused of conspiring to assassinate Soviet leaders.Soviet Unionsource
Exploration & Expansion
- February 14 – The Gallego EDCOR farm in Buldon, Cotabato, the second EDCOR project, is opened.Philippinessource
- 20 April – Sigurd Maseng, diplomat (born 1894)Norwaysource
- April: The trade union confederation called Confederación Revolucionaria de Obreros y Campesinos (CROC) is founded.Mexicosource
- May 18 – Ann Davison becomes the first woman to single-handedly sail the Atlantic Ocean.source
- 16 June – The ban on the female Ottoman dynasty members to enter Turkey was liftedTurkeysource
- July 3 - The SS United States Has Her maiden voyage en route from New York To Southampton And wins the Blue Ribandsource
- October 19 – Alain Bombard begins to sail from the Canary Islands to Barbados in 65 days without using provisions; he reaches them December 23.source
- 30 November – Lang Hancock discovers the world's largest deposit of iron ore in the Hamersley Range of Western Australia's Pilbara region.Australiasource
- December - Jawaharlal Nehru's visit to Travancore–Cochin results in commencement of Nehru Trophy Boat Race.Indiasource
- The Nordic Council agrees to the unrestricted transport of people, goods and services throughout the Nordic Countries.source
- The Portuguese colonial administration proposed settling 15,000 people from Cape Verde to the island of São ToméCape Verdesource
- The Flavor of Green Tea over RiceJapansource
Religion & Belief
- 2 May – Hubert Clement is appointed to the Council of State.Luxembourgsource
- May 6 – Farouk of Egypt has himself announced as a descendant of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.source
- 11 August - Crown Prince Hussein, was proclaimed King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.Jordansource
- 14 October: The National Conference of Bishops of Brazil is founded in Rio de Janeiro.Brazilsource
- 11 November – Ole Robert Sunde, writer.Norwaysource
- 20 November - The Order of the Red Star (Albania) is established.Albaniasource
- Thomas B. Costain: The Silver ChaliceCanadasource
- The founding of the kibbutz Lahav.Israelsource
- The Chatham Cup was shared by the finalists North Shore United and Western (Christchurch) after the extra time score (1–1) and all criteria for deciding a winner at that time were equal.New Zealandsource
Economy & Finance
- April 8 – Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer: The U.S. Supreme Court limits the power of the President to seize private business, after President Harry S. Truman nationalizes all steel mills in the United States, just before the 1952 steel strike begins.source
- 20 June: President Getúlio Vargas signs a law, creating the National Bank for Economic and Social Development (BNDES, formerly BNDE).Brazilsource
- 25 June – Romania signs a trade agreement with the Soviet Union.Romaniasource
- July 23 – The European Coal and Steel Community is established.source
- August 13 – Japan joins the International Monetary Fund (IMF).source
- October 28 – Korea Explosives, as predecessor of Hanhwa Group was founded.South Koreasource
- Italian banker Giuseppe Terrusi is arrested and executed in Burrel Prison. In September 2020, during searching for those who disappeared during Enver Hoxha's dictatorship, the prison was excavated for the remains of Terrusi as requested by the Italian Government. Terrusi's body was nowhere to be found.Albaniasource
- Liquidation of German company IG Farben started.Germanysource
- date unknown - The Lao kip is introduced as the currency of Laos.Laossource
- Increase since 31 December 1951: 54,100 (2.75%).New Zealandsource
- Christian Wegner Haaland, ship-owner and politician (born 1892)Norwaysource
Technology & Infrastructure
- April 7 – The I Love Lucy episode "The Marriage License", aired this evening in the United States, is the first television show in history to be seen in around 10,000,000 homes, according to the American Research Bureau.source
- 24 April - The National Statistics Institute (INE) carries out the XII National Population Census and the I Housing Census.Chilesource
- June 1 – Navigation opens on the Volga–Don Canal, connecting the Caspian Sea basin with that of the Black Sea.source
- 1 July – The Portuguese Air Force foundedPortugalsource
- 23 July – The foreign ministers of the six European Coal and Steel Community meet in Paris to decide on the seat of the organisation's headquarters. At Joseph Bech's proposal, Luxembourg City is chosen as the provisional working seat.Luxembourgsource
- August - Official opening of Binnian Tunnel (2.5 mi), feeding water to the Silent Valley Reservoir under the Mourne Mountains.Northern Irelandsource
- September 6 – The CBC in Montreal, Quebec, goes on air launching television in Canada.source
- October 1 - 1952 Japanese general electionJapansource
- October 8 – A uranium plant operated by West Rand Consolidated Mines, the first in the world to extract uranium as a by-product of the gold refining process, opens at Millsite near Krugersdorp.South Africasource
- 16 October - The first ever Test cricket match of India national cricket team post independence was held at Feroz Shah Kotla Ground against Pakistan national cricket team.Indiasource
- November 1 – Nuclear testing and Operation Ivy: The United States successfully detonates the first hydrogen bomb, codenamed "Mike", at Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshall Islands in the central Pacific Ocean, with a yield of 10.4 megatons.source
- November 1 – Nuclear testing: Operation Ivy: The United States successfully detonates the first hydrogen bomb, codenamed "Mike", at Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands in the central Pacific Ocean, with a yield of 10.4 megatons.United Statessource
- The Gorditas Doña Tota restaurant chain is established in Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas by Carlota Murillo.Mexicosource
Science & Discovery
- 19 February – Knut Hamsun, author, Nobel Prize in Literature laureate (born 1859)Norwaysource
- March 22 – Wernher von Braun publishes the first in his series of articles titled Man Will Conquer Space Soon!, including ideas for crewed flights to Mars and the Moon.source
- March 22 – Wernher von Braun publishes the first in his series of articles entitled Man Will Conquer Space Soon!, including ideas for crewed flights to Mars and the Moon.United Statessource
- 16 April – Esther Roth-Shahamorov, former Israeli track and field athlete.Israelsource
- May 3 – U.S. lieutenant colonels Joseph O. Fletcher and William P. Benedict land a plane at the geographic North Pole.source
- May 3 – The first regular jet flight between South Africa and Britain is started with the arrival of a De Havilland Comet with 36 passengers at Johannesburg.South Africasource
- 12 August – The Firebird releasedSwedensource
- August 26 – A British passenger jet makes a return crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in the same day.source
- November 20 – The first official passenger flight over the North Pole is made, from Los Angeles to Copenhagen.source
- Supramar launches the first commercial high-speed craft, a hydrofoil.source
- Frank Hinder wins the Blake Prize for Religious Art with his work Flight into EgyptAustraliasource
- João Gilberto - "Quando Ela Sai"Brazilsource
- New Zealand Trotting Cup – Mobile GlobeNew Zealandsource
Health & Medicine
- January 24 – Vincent Massey appointed first Canada-born Governor General of CanadaCanadasource
- February 6 – In the United States, a mechanical heart is used for the first time in a human patient.source
- February 7 – New York City announces its first crosswalk devices to be installed.source
- February 14: Diário de Noite ran a report of mysterious bombs exploding in the city of Porto Alegre since the month of January. In May of the same year, the bomber, 24-year-old radio technician Herbert Rudiger was captured after maiming himself while fabricating another bomb. Rudiger confessed to the police that he was the author of the bombings while in the hospital and said his motive was fun he obtained with the sensationalism of the media.Brazilsource
- June 14 – Myxomatosis is introduced to Europe, on the French estate of Paul-Félix Armand-Delille.source
- September 2 – C. Walton Lillehei and F. John Lewis perform the first open-heart surgery, at the University of Minnesota.source
- 28 October – Premier of Victoria John McDonald resigns after the Victorian Legislative Council refuses supply. Thomas Hollway forms a short-lived ministry which lasts four days.Australiasource
- 14 November – Aldor Ingebrigtsen, politician (born 1888)Norwaysource
- November 20 – One of the first successful gender-affirming surgeries is performed in Copenhagen on Christine Jorgensen.source
- December 1 – The New York Daily News carries a front-page story announcing that Christine Jorgensen, a transsexual woman in Denmark, has become the recipient of the first successful sexual reassignment operation.United Statessource
- 5 December – Ness, Lewis, selected for influenza vaccine trials.Scotlandsource
- December 14 – The first successful surgical separation of conjoined twins is conducted in Mount Sinai Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio.source
- 16 December – Harold Winstanley, the perpetrator of the Knowsley Hall shootings, is found guilty but insane at Manchester Assizes, and sentenced to detention at Broadmoor Hospital.United Kingdomsource
- Estimated population as of 31 December: 2,024,600.New Zealandsource
Crime & Justice
- 6 January – 1952 Beit Jala Raid: an attack committed by an unknown Israeli party who blew up several houses in the West Bank town Beit Jala, killing between six and seven Palestinian-Arabs, including two children. According to leaflets distributed in the scene of the crime, the attack was carried out in retaliation for the rape and murder of a Jewish girl on 4 December 1951. Israel denied involvement in what it called "this sad affair", and voted to condemn the raid.Israelsource
- 31 March – Gibalta rail accidentPortugalsource
- April 9 – Santa Teresa Church tragedy: 50 people are trampled to death in the Basilica of St. Teresa, Caracas, Venezuela, after someone shouts "Fire!"; 40 people are arrested in connection with the crush.source
- April 11 – During the Operation Four Roses, two ranking Huk department members, William J. Pomeroy, an American and also the propaganda chief, and his wife Celia Mariano, along with up to 30 companions, are arrested by the army in a raid at a part of Sierra Madre in Papaya, Nueva Ecija, near its boundaries with the provinces of Bulacan and Quezon.Philippinessource
- 29 July – Iosif Sîrbu wins Romania's first Olympic gold medal in shooting.Romaniasource
- 19 October - 1952 Albanian Cup: team Dinamo Tirana wins the finals, beating Puna Tirana with a score of 4–1.Albaniasource
- 12 November – Murder of Patricia Curran, 19-year-old daughter of Sir Lancelot Curran. Iain Hay Gordon was found guilty of her murder, but the sentence was overturned in 2000.Northern Irelandsource
- Tico-Tico no Fubá, directed by Adolfo Celi, starring Anselmo Duarte and Tônia Carrero.Brazilsource
- Aguila de Veracruz win the Mexican League.Mexicosource
Disasters & Accidents
- January 10 - A Douglas C-47 Dakota operated by Aer Lingus crashes in Wales while flying from Northolt Royal Air Force Station to Dublin. All twenty-three occupants are killed.source
- January 26 – Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses.source
- 4 March: A crowded steam-powered passenger train derails while crossing a bridge over the Pavuna River near Anchieta station, sending two old wooden carriages broadside onto the adjacent line. A modern high-speed electric freight train travelling in the opposite direction ploughs into the wooden carriages, telescoping them upwards. 119 people are killed and more than 200 are injured, resulting in an outcry prompting a major new investment in Brazilian railways.Brazilsource
- April 4 – West Ice accidents: During a severe storm in the West Ice, east of Greenland, 78 seal hunters on 5 Norwegian seal hunting vessels vanish without a trace.source
- April 11 – Pan Am Flight 526A, Douglas DC-4 Clipper Endeavor, suffers failure of two engines and ditches in rough seas 11.3 miles (18 km) northwest of San Juan, Puerto Rico in the Atlantic Ocean, sinking in minutes; 52 of the 69 people on board die. After this accident the implementation of pre-flight safety demonstrations is recommended. The aircraft's wreckage will be discovered in 2026.source
- April 17 – According to Japan Fire and Disaster Management Agency official confirmed report, a massive fire in Tottori City, resulting to 160 hectares (395 acres), total 7,240 houses and building damage, kills two persons.Japansource
- April 26 – United States Navy aircraft carrier Wasp collides with destroyer Hobson while on exercises in the Atlantic Ocean, killing 175 men.source
- June 1 – The Roman Catholic Church bans the books of André Gide.source
- June 13 – "Catalina affair": Soviet MiG-15 fighter planes shoot down a Swedish military Douglas C-47 Skytrain, carrying out signals intelligence gathering operations over the Baltic Sea, killing all 8 crew; three days later they shoot down a Catalina flying boat, searching for possible survivors.source
- June 13 — Catalina affair: Two Swedish aircraft are shot down by Soviet fighter jets over the Baltic.Soviet Unionsource
- August 31 – An accident causing 13 deaths results in closure of the Grenzlandring as an auto race circuit in Wegberg, Germany.source
- 6 September – Incendios del 6 de septiembre de 1952 en BogotáColombiasource
- October 8 – Three trains collide in the Harrow and Wealdstone rail crash near London, England, killing 112 people and injuring 340 people, making it the worst rail disaster in the UK since the 1915 Quintinshill rail disaster.source
- December 20 – The crash of a United States Air Force C-124 Globemaster at Moses Lake, WA kills 86 servicemen.source
- December 20 – The crash of a U.S. Air Force C-124 Globemaster at Moses Lake, Washington kills 86 servicemen.United Statessource
- List of Mexican films of 1952.Mexicosource
- Around April 4 five Norwegian seal hunting vessels went down in a storm in the West Ice. The West Ice accidents claimed 78 lives in total.Norwaysource
- Strathpeffer spa baths complex demolished.Scotlandsource
- 4–9 December – Great Smog blankets London, causing transport chaos and, it is believed, around 4,000 deaths.United Kingdomsource
Climate & Environment
- 3 January – 1952 Hasankale earthquakeTurkeysource
- February 2 – Groundhog Day tropical storm forms just north of Cuba, moving northeast. The storm makes landfall in southern Florida the next day as a gale-force storm and transitions to a tropical storm over the Atlantic (only Atlantic tropical storm on record in February).United Statessource
- February 25 – The Parícutin active volcano in Michoacán, west central Mexico, ceases its discontinuous eruption after spewing forth a gigaton of lava, and burying San Juan Parangaricutiro.source
- March 15–16 – 73 inches (1,870 mm) of rain falls in Cilaos, Réunion, the most rainfall in one day up to that time.source
- 20 March – Thor Heyerdahl received the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 24th Academy Awards for the Kon-Tiki film.Norwaysource
- March 21 – Tornadoes ravage the lower Mississippi River Valley, leaving 208 dead, through March 22.source
- June 10 – 1952 San Juan earthquake. A magnitude 6.8 earthquake kills five people on Argentina's San Juan Province.source
- July 21 – The 7.3 Mw Kern County earthquake strikes California's southern Central Valley with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing 12 and injuring hundreds.source
- August 16 – Lynmouth, North Devon, England is devastated by floods; 34 die.source
- August 18 – A 7.5 earthquake shakes the Tibet region leaving a balance of 54 fatalities.source
- August 22 – The most damaging aftershock of the 1952 Kern County earthquake sequence strikes with a moment magnitude of 5.8, and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). This event damages several hundred buildings in Bakersfield, California, with total additional losses of $10 million, with two associated deaths and some injuries.source
- September 18 – The Soviet Union vetoes Japan's application for membership in the United Nations.source
- September 23 – According to Japan Coast Guard official confirmed report, a Kaiyō-maru five entrained by the eruption into Myōjin-shō, all 31 crew were human fatalities.Japansource
- 3 October – The first British nuclear test in Australia, Operation Hurricane, commences on the Monte Bello Islands with the detonation of an atomic bomb of 25 kilotons yield.Australiasource
- October 21–22 – A typhoon hits southern Luzon, killing 443 (as of October 24). Albay was the worst-hit province with 118 deaths reported in Tabaco.Philippinessource
- November 5 – The 9.0 Mw Severo-Kurilsk earthquake hits the Kamchatka Peninsula of the Soviet Union with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). A tsunami took the lives of more than 2,300 people.source
- November 5 — The 1952 Severo-Kurilsk tsunami kills 2,336 people in the town of Severo-Kurilsk.Soviet Unionsource
- Dylan Thomas records a collection of five of his poems, including Fern Hill and Do not go gentle into that good night, along with the short prose A Child's Christmas in Wales for Caedmon Audio in New York.Walessource
Culture & Society
- February 14–25 – The Winter Olympics are held in Oslo, Norway.source
- February 15 – The State Funeral of King George VI of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the British Dominions and the last Emperor of India, takes place. George VI's coffin is brought in procession through London to Paddington Station where a royal train brings the King to Windsor, where his funeral and burial take place at St. George's Chapel at Windsor Castle.source
- 20 February – Section 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898, prohibiting processions and meetings is promulgated in Dhaka.Pakistansource
- 30 March – The football club Millonarios defeats Real Madrid 4–2 at Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid, Spain.Colombiasource
- April 1 – Al Arabi sports and association football club is founded in Qatar.source
- April 9 – Hugo Ballivián's government is overthrown by the Bolivian National Revolution, which starts a period of agrarian reform, universal suffrage and the nationalization of tin mines.source
- April 18 – Bolivia National Revolution: A universal vote enables indigenous peoples and women to vote, nationalizes mines and enacts agrarian reform.source
- June 15 – Anne Frank's The Diary of a Young Girl is published in English-language translation.source
- June 26 – The Pan-Malayan Labour Party is founded in Malaya, as a union of statewide labour parties.source
- June 28 – The First Miss Universe pageant is held. Armi Kuusela from Finland wins the title of Miss Universe 1952.source
- July 19–August 3 – The 1952 Summer Olympics are held in Helsinki, Finland.source
- 26 July – At the 1952 Summer Olympics, Josy Barthel wins the men's 1,500m in a new Olympic record time: to date, the only time an athlete has won a gold medal for Luxembourg at the Olympics.Luxembourgsource
- 28 July - Queen Sirikit gives birth to a second child and only son Vajiralongkorn.Thailandsource
- August 29 – Composer John Cage's 4′33″, during which the performer does not play, premieres in Woodstock, New York.source
- September 30 – The Revised Standard Version of the Bible is published in the United States.source
- October 14 – The United Nations begins work in the new United Nations building in New York City, designed by Le Corbusier and Oscar Niemeyer.source
- 6 December – The 1952 Singapore City Council election was held.Singaporesource
- 1952 Albanian National Championship: Dinamo Tirana is awarded as the champion of the season.Albaniasource
- Tallinn Pedagogical Institute was established.Estoniasource
- Full date unknown – Zeev Ben-Zvi (born 1904), Russian (Polish)-born Israeli sculptor.Israelsource
Births
- January 2 – Ng Man-tat, actor (died 2021)Hong Kongsource
- January 25 – Peter Tatchell, Australian-born British human rights activistsource
- February 2 – Park Geun Hye, President of South Koreasource
- February 10 – Lee Hsien Loong, 3rd Prime Minister of Singaporesource
- 4 March – Saad El-Katatni, The first Speaker of the People's Assembly after the Egyptian Revolution of 2011Egyptsource
- March 11 – Douglas Adams, English author (The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy) (died 2001)source
- May 13 – John Kasich, Governor of Ohiosource
- 28 July - Vajiralongkorn, Thai KingThailandsource
- August 5 – Hun Sen, Prime Minister of Cambodiasource
- 15 August – Ahmed Zulfikar, Mechanical Engineer and Entrepreneur (died 2010)Egyptsource
- September 25 – Christopher Reeve, American actor, activist (Superman) (died 2004)source
- October 2: Vera Duarte, politicianCape Verdesource
- October 5 – Imran Khan, former Prime Minister of Pakistan and cricketersource
- October 7 – Vladimir Putin, President of Russiasource
- November 5 – Bill Walton, American basketball player, commentator (died 2024)source
- November 15 – Randy Savage, American professional wrestler (died 2011)source
- November 16 – Shigeru Miyamoto, Japanese game designersource
- November 17 – Cyril Ramaphosa, President of South Africasource
- December 1 – Rick Scott, American politician, 45th Governor of Florida, U.S. Senator (Florida)source
Deaths
- January 11 – Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, French general, posthumous Marshal of France (born 1889)source
- January 28 – Nicolae Constantin Batzaria, Ottoman statesman, Romanian writer (born 1874)source
- February 6 – King George VI of the United Kingdom (born 1895)source
- 6 February- George VI, King of Pakistan, dies at Sandringham House aged 56. Queen Elizabeth II becomes Queen of PakistanPakistansource
- March 9 – Alexandra Kollontai, Russian revolutionary (born 1872)source
- 1 April – M. D. P. Gilroy, prominent amateur stage magician (born 1902).Singaporesource
- May 6 – Maria Montessori, Italian educator (born 1870)source
- June 1 – John Dewey, American philosopher (born 1859)source
- June 12 – Michael von Faulhaber, German Cardinal Archbishop of Munich (born 1869)source
- June 17 – Jack Parsons, American rocket engineer (born 1914)source
- July 26 – Eva Perón, Argentine political leader, and First Lady to and partner in power of President Juan Perón (born 1919)source
- July 26 – Maria Eva Duarte De Peron, known as "Evita", Argentina's first lady, dies aged 33 of cancer in Buenos Aires. The Argentine government's declaration of national mourning causes all business, entertainment, leisure and work to a standstill.source
- 5 August – Sameera Moussa, the first female Egyptian nuclear physicistEgyptsource
- October 26 – Hattie McDaniel, American actress (born 1893)source
- October 28 – Billy Hughes, Australian politician, 7th Prime Minister of Australia (born 1862)source
- 2 November - Mehmet Esat Bülkat, Ottoman Army officer and soldierAlbaniasource
- November 9 – Chaim Weizmann, Jewish biochemist, Zionist leader and Israeli statesman, 1st President of Israel (born 1874)source
- November 26 – Sven Hedin, Swedish explorer, geographer and geopolitician (born 1865)source