Culture & Society in the 19th century

1,105 sourced entries, 1800 CE to 1899 CE, oldest first. Also see Culture & Society across every century or everything else in the 19th century.

• 1800April 2 – Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 1 premieres at the Burgtheater, in Vienna.source
• 1800April 24 – The U.S. Library of Congress is founded in Washington, D.C.source
• 1800July 10 – Fort William College is established by Lord Wellesley, British Governor-General of India, in Calcutta, to promote Bengali, Hindi and other vernaculars of the Indian subcontinent.source
• 1800November 1 – Middlebury College is granted its charter by the Vermont General Assembly.source
• 1801April 21 – Ranjit Singh is invested as Maharaja of Punjab.source
• 1801December 19 – South Carolina College, a precursor to The University of South Carolina, is established in Columbia, South Carolina.source
• 1801The magnum opus Disquisitiones Arithmeticae of Carl Friedrich Gauss is published.source
• 1802January 15 – Canonsburg Academy (modern-day Washington & Jefferson College) is chartered by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.source
• 1802March 3 – Ludwig van Beethoven publishes his Piano Sonata No. 14, commonly known as the "Moonlight Sonata" (Mondschein), in Vienna; the availability of the sheet music is announced by Giovanni Cappi in the newspaper Wiener Zeitung.source
• 1802March 11 – The Rosetta Stone is presented to the Society of Antiquaries of London, which in turn presents it to the British Museum.source
• 1802May 19 – Napoleon establishes the French Legion of Honour (Légion d'honneur).source
• 1802June 1 – At Huế, shortly before his conquest of Tonkin, Nguyen Anh is crowned as the Emperor Gia Long, the first ruler of the Nguyễn dynasty in Vietnam.source
• 1802June – The first account of Thomas Wedgwood's experiments in photography is published by Humphry Davy in the Journal of the Royal Institution in London. Since a fixative for the image has not yet been developed, the early photographs quickly fade.source
• 1803January 1 – The first edition of Alexandre Balthazar Laurent Grimod de La Reynière's Almanach des gourmands, the first guide to restaurant cooking, is published in Paris.source
• 1803April 5 — Ludwig van Beethoven puts on a big Akademie concert at the Theater an der Wien, in Vienna consisting of the premieres of his second symphony, third piano concerto, and his oratorio Christ on the Mount of Olives.source
• 1803April 30 – The Louisiana Purchase is made from France by the United States.[https://www.britannica.com/event/Louisiana-Purchase]source
• 1804February 18 – Ohio University is chartered by the Ohio General Assembly.source
• 1804March 10 – Louisiana Purchase, Three Flags Day: In St. Louis, a formal ceremony is conducted to transfer ownership of Louisiana Territory from France to the United States.source
• 1804March 17 – Friedrich Schiller's play Wilhelm Tell is first performed at Weimar, under the direction of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.source
• 1804June 9 – Beethoven's Symphony No. 3 in E–flat is premiered in Vienna.source
• 1804October 8 – Jean-Jacques Dessalines holds his coronation as Jean-Jacques I, Emperor of Haiti.source
• 1804John Wedgwood founds the Royal Horticultural Society.source
• 1805April 7 – Beethoven's Symphony No. 3, Eroica, has its public premiere at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna under his baton.source
• 1805June 4 – The first Trooping the Colour ceremony is held at the Horse Guards Parade in London.source
• 1805November 20 – Beethoven's only opera Fidelio, in its original form (known retrospectively as Leonore), is premiered at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, which at this time is under French military occupation.source
• 1806March 28 – Washington College (modern-day Washington & Jefferson College) is chartered by the Pennsylvania General Assembly.source
• 1806April 8 – Stéphanie de Beauharnais, adopted daughter of Emperor Napoleon I, marries Prince Karl Ludwig Friedrich of Baden.source
• 1806December 23 – Ludwig van Beethoven premieres his violin concerto at the Theater an der Wien.source
• 1807April 14 – African Institution holds its first meeting in London; it is intended to improve social conditions in Sierra Leone.source
• 1807May 31 – Primitive Methodism originates in an All Day of Prayer at Mow Cop, in the north midlands of England.source
• 1807September 13 – Beethoven's Mass in C major, Op. 86, is premiered, commissioned by Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy, and displeasing him.source
• 1807October 9 – Prussian Reform Movement: Serfdom is abolished by the October edict.source
• 1807November 13 – The Geological Society of London is founded.source
• 1808March 2 – The inaugural meeting of the Wernerian Natural History Society, a Scottish learned society, is held in Edinburgh (preliminary meeting January 12).source
• 1808December 22 – Beethoven concert of 22 December 1808: Ludwig van Beethoven conducts and plays piano in a marathon benefit concert, at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, consisting entirely of first public performances of works by him, including Symphony No. 5, Symphony No. 6, Piano Concerto No. 4 and Choral Fantasy.source
• 1808Goethe's Faust, Part One (Faust. Eine Tragödie, erster Teil) is published in full in Tübingen.source
• 1808Prussian philosopher Johann Gottlieb Fichte publishes his Addresses to the German Nation, having delivered them over the winter at the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin before crowded audiences.source
• 1808The Academy of Fine Arts, Munich is given the title of Royal Academy of Fine Arts by King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria.source
• 1809February 17 – Miami University (Ohio) is established (by Act of February 2) on the township of land required to be set aside for it, under the conditions of the Miami Purchase in 1794.source
• 1809April 18 – The 2,000 Guineas Stakes horse race is first run in England.source
• 1809September 18 – A new theatre for the Royal Opera House opens in London to replace the first, burnt down in a fire in 1808. The price increases lead to the Old Price Riots, which last for 64 days.source
• 1809October 25 – The Golden Jubilee of George III is celebrated in commemoration of the forty-ninth anniversary of the accession of King George III and his entrance into the 50th year of his reign.source
• 1810January 12 – The marriage of Napoleon I and Joséphine is annulled.source
• 1810March 11 – Napoleon I marries Marie-Louise of Austria by proxy in Vienna.source
• 1810April 2 – Emperor Napoleon I of France marries Marie-Louise of Austria in person in Paris.source
• 1810April 27 – Beethoven composes his famous piano piece, Für Elise.source
• 1810May 16 – Johann Wolfgang von Goethe publishes his book Zur Farbenlehre (Theory of Colours).source
• 1810May 18–25 – May Revolution: Armed citizens of Buenos Aires expel the Viceroy and establish a provincial government for Argentina (the Primera Junta). Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros is removed.source
• 1810August 21 – Jean Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal of France, is elected Crown Prince of Sweden, by the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates.source
• 1810October 12 – First Oktoberfest: Bavarian royalty invites the citizens of Munich to join the celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria, to Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen.source
• 1811June 19 – The Carlton House Fête is held at the Prince Regent's London residence Carlton House to celebrate the establishment of the Regency era.source
• 1811July 14 – Italian scientist Amedeo Avogadro publishes his memoir about the molecular content of gases.source
• 1811August 3 – Jungfrau, the third highest summit in the Bernese Alps, is first ascended.source
• 1811September – Nathan of Breslov leads the first annual Rosh Hashana kibbutz (pilgrimage) of Breslov Hasidim, to the grave of Rabbi Nachman of Breslov in Uman, Ukraine.source
• 1811The first novel by Jane Austen, Sense and Sensibility, was published.source
• 1812February 13 – The first Chilean newspaper Aurora de Chile deals with political philosophy, and stands in favor of the new national government.source
• 1812December 18 – The first Spanish Christmas Lottery is drawn, in Cádiz; it will be continuing more than two centuries later. The first Lotería Nacional was drawn on March 4.source
• 1812December 20 – The first volume of Grimms' Fairy Tales is published in Germany.source
• 1813January 24 – The Philharmonic Society (later the Royal Philharmonic Society) is founded in London.source
• 1813January 28 – Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice is published anonymously in London.source
• 1813July 13 – Missionaries Adoniram Judson and his wife, Ann Hasseltine Judson, arrive in Burma.source
• 1813September 4 – The name of Germany's national card game, "Scat" (modern-day Skat), appears for the first time, in the gaming records of Hans Carl Leopold von der Gabelentz.source
• 1813October 2 – The Philomathean Society of the University of Pennsylvania is founded (the oldest continuously existing literary society in the United States).source
• 1813Mathieu Orfila publishes his groundbreaking Traité des poisons, formalizing the field of toxicology.source
• 1814February 1 – Lord Byron's semi-autobiographical tale in verse The Corsair is published by John Murray in London, and sells 10,000 copies on this day.source
• 1814April 6 – Napoleonic Wars – Bourbon Restoration: Louis XVIII is invited to occupy the restored French throne.source
• 1814May 3 – The Duke of Provence, the future Louis XVIII, returns to Paris.source
• 1814July 7 – Walter Scott's Waverley, his first prose fiction and one of the first significant historical novels in English, is published anonymously by Archibald Constable in Edinburgh, selling out in two days.source
• 1814August 1 – The Grand Jubilee of 1814 is held in Britain, celebrating the hundredth anniversary of the Hanoverian Successionsource
• 1814November 4 – King Charles XIII of Sweden becomes King of Norway, as Charles II .source
• 1815January 2 – Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke in Seaham, county of Durham, England.source
• 1815March 1 – Georgetown University's congressional charter is signed into law, by President James Madison.source
• 1815June 15 – The Duchess of Richmond's ball is held in Brussels, "the most famous ball in history".source
• 1815December 23 – The novel Emma by Jane Austen is first published, anonymously in London, dated 1816.source
• 1815December 25 – The Handel and Haydn Society, the oldest continuously performing arts organization in the United States, gives its first performance, in Boston.source
• 1816January 9 – Ludwig van Beethoven wins the custody battle for his nephew Karl.source
• 1816February 20 – Gioachino Rossini's opera buffa The Barber of Seville premières at the Teatro Argentina in Rome.source
• 1816March 21 – The Institut de France is reorganized by King Louis XVIII into four royal academies: a revived Académie française; the Royal Academy of Inscriptions and Belles Lettres; the Royal Academy of Sciences; and the Académie des Beaux-Arts.source
• 1816May 2 – Leopold of Saxe-Coburg (later King of the Belgians) marries Charlotte Augusta, daughter of the Prince Regent, at Carlton House in London.source
• 1816June 16 – The Society for the Promotion of Permanent and Universal Peace is founded in London.source
• 1816October 21 – Penang Free School is founded by Rev. Sparke Hutchings, on the island of Penang (in modern-day Malaysia).source
• 1816November 19 – The University of Warsaw is established.source
• 1817January 20 – Ram Mohan Roy and David Hare found Hindu College, Calcutta, offering instructions in English on Western subjects, including other European languages.source
• 1817August 22 – The town of Araraquara, Brazil, is founded.source
• 1817August 26 – The University of Michigan is founded in the U.S., initially near the intersection of Bates Street and Congress Street in Detroit. It will move its campus to Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1837.source
• 1817October 9 – The University of Ghent opens in Belgium.source
• 1817October 31 – Emperor Ninkō accedes to the throne of Japan.source
• 1818January 1 – English author Mary Shelley publishes the novel Frankenstein anonymously.source
• 1818February 4 – Writer Walter Scott finds the Honours of Scotland in Edinburgh Castle.source
• 1818February 5 – Upon his death, King Charles XIII of Sweden (Charles II of Norway) is succeeded on both thrones by his adoptive son Charles XIV/III John, starting the Royal House of Bernadotte.source
• 1818May 11 – Charles XIV of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Sweden.source
• 1818May 11 – The Old Vic Theatre is founded (as the Royal Coburg Hall) in London.source
• 1818May 11 – The Westmorland Gazette is first published at Kendal in the Lake District of England; in July, Thomas De Quincey will begin a 16-month term as editor.source
• 1818June 11 – Prince William, Duke of Clarence and St Andrews, third oldest son of King George III and the future King William IV of the United Kingdom, marries Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen.source
• 1818July 3 – English poet Lord Byron, resident in Italy, begins work on his satirical epic Don Juan. Although he completes the first canto by September 19, he will die in 1824 before he can finish the poem, after completing 16 cantos and working on the 17th.source
• 1818July 31 – The first newspaper in Cleveland, Ohio is issued by publisher Andrew Logan. Using the original name of the small settlement (population 172), Logan names the weekly paper The Cleaveland Gazette & Commercial Register.source
• 1818September 7 – Carl III of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim.source
• 1818November 11 – Anglo-Chinese College is founded by Robert Morrison in Malacca (later renamed Ying Wa College).source
• 1818November 16 – The Saint Louis Academy, which later becomes Saint Louis University, is founded by Reverend Louis William Valentine Dubourg in the United States.source
• 1818December 24 – The Christmas carol "Silent Night" (Stille Nacht), with words by the priest Josef Mohr, set to music by organist Franz Xaver Gruber, is first performed at St. Nikolaus Parish Church, in Oberndorf bei Salzburg, Austria.source
• 1818The first Serbian dictionary is published by Vuk Karadžić.source
• 1818Besses o' th' Barn Brass Band is formed in Whitefield, near Manchester by this date.source
• 1818The first edition of the Farmers' Almanac is published in the United States.source
• 1819January 25 – Thomas Jefferson founds the University of Virginia.source
• 1819April 21 – In a period of about a month starting today during his "Living Year", English poet John Keats writes "La Belle Dame sans Merci" and most of his major odes.source
• 1819May 22 – The city of Memphis, Tennessee, is founded.source
• 1819July 24 – A cabinet meeting is convened by British Prime Minister Lord Liverpool to discuss a report of an adulterous affair involving the wife of George, Prince of Wales, the regent for his ailing father King George III. Despite reports that Princess Caroline is involved with her servant, Bartolomeo Pergami, the cabinet concludes that the trial of Caroline for adultery would be an embarrassment to the nation.source
• 1819August 6 – Norwich University is founded by Captain Alden Partridge in Vermont as the first private military school in the United States.source
• 1819November 19 – The Museo del Prado opens in Madrid. Initially, it has 311 significant paintings.source
• 1820March 26 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, receives his First Vision in Palmyra, New York.source
• 1820April 15 – King William I of Württemberg marries his cousin, Pauline Therese, in Stuttgart.source
• 1820June 5 – Caroline of Brunswick, the estranged wife of King George IV, returns to England after six years abroad in Italy, where she has been carrying on an affair. Since ascending the throne in January, the King had sought to receive his government's approval for a divorce.source
• 1820July 20 – Saint Cronan's Boys' National School opens in Bray, County Wicklow, Ireland under the title Bray Male School. Its notable pupils will include President of Ireland Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh.source
• 1821February 9 – Columbian College in the District of Columbia is chartered by President James Monroe (it becomes George Washington University).source
• 1821May 5 – The first edition of the Manchester Guardian newspaper (from 1959 simply The Guardian) is published in England.source
• 1821July 19 – George IV is crowned King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. His estranged wife, Caroline of Brunswick, is turned away from the ceremony.source
• 1821September 18 – Amherst College is founded in Massachusetts.source
• 1821December 15 – The world's first geographical society, the Société de géographie, is established in Paris.source
• 1821Widener University is founded in Wilmington, Delaware, as The Bullock School for Boys.source
• 1822January 13 – The design of the modern-day flag of Greece is adopted by the First National Assembly at Epidaurus, for their naval flag.source
• 1822August 15 — The visit of King George IV to Scotland begins and lasts until –August 29.source
• 1822Over the middle of the year Franz Schubert begins writing his Symphony No. 8, but leaves it unfinished.source
• 1823February 3 – Gioachino Rossini's opera Semiramide is first performed, at La Fenice in Venice.source
• 1823February 3 – Jackson Male Academy, precursor of Union University, opens in Alabama.source
• 1823February 10 – The first worldwide carnival parade takes place in Cologne, Prussia.source
• 1823April 13 – Franz Liszt, 11, gives a concert in Vienna, after which he is personally congratulated by Ludwig van Beethoven.source
• 1823May 9 – Russian author Alexander Pushkin begins work on his verse novel Eugene Onegin.source
• 1823May 25 – The Catholic Association, a campaign for Catholic emancipation within the United Kingdom, begins in Ireland at a meeting of 13 people at a bookseller's house on Capel Street in Dublin.source
• 1823June 5 – Raffles Institution is established (as the Singapore Institution) by the founder of Singapore, Sir Stamford Raffles.source
• 1823July 28 – The first theatrical adaptation of the Frankenstein story, Presumption; or, the Fate of Frankenstein, opens at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in London. On August 29, Mary Shelley attends a performance, the only version of her novel she will ever see.source
• 1823August 1 – William Pitt Amherst arrives in Calcutta with Lady Amherst to become the new Governor-General of India.source
• 1823August 5 – The Royal Hibernian Academy is founded in Dublin.source
• 1823October 5 – The Lancet medical journal is founded by Thomas Wakley in London.source
• 1823November – According to tradition, William Webb Ellis invents the sport of rugby football at Rugby School in England.source
• 1823The Oxford Union is founded as a student debating society in England.source
• 1823Work begins on the British Museum in London, designed by Robert Smirke, and the Altes Museum in Berlin, designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel.source
• 1824January 8 – After much controversy, Michael Faraday is finally elected as a member of the Royal Society in London, with only one vote against him.source
• 1824March 4 – The Royal National Lifeboat Institution is founded in the British Isles.source
• 1824April 7 – The Mechanics' Institution is established in Manchester, England at the Bridgewater Arms hotel, as part of a national movement for the education of working men. The institute is the precursor to two Universities in the city: the University of Manchester and the Metropolitan University of Manchester (MMU).source
• 1824May 7 – Ludwig van Beethoven's Ninth Symphony (the "Choral") premieres at the Theater am Kärntnertor in Vienna. The deaf composer has to be turned around on the stage to witness the enthusiastic audience reaction.source
• 1824June 16 – The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals is established in Great Britain.source
• 1824November 5 – Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the first technological university in the English-speaking world, is founded in Troy, New York.source
• 1824December 24 – The first American social fraternity, Chi Phi (ΧΦ), is founded at Princeton University.source
• 1825August 22 – The National Mexican Rite is created in Mexico City.source
• 1825September – The Lady Margaret Boat Club is founded by 12 members of St John's College, Cambridge.source
• 1825December 1 (O.S.)/November 19 (N.S.) – Nicholas I of Russia succeeds his older brother Alexander I.source
• 1826January 15 – The French newspaper Le Figaro begins publication in Paris, initially as a satirical weekly.source
• 1826February 4 – James Fenimore Cooper's novel The Last of the Mohicans is first printed, by a publisher in Philadelphia.source
• 1826February 11 – University College London is founded, under the name University of London.source
• 1826February 13 – The American Temperance Society is founded.source
• 1826March – Ludwig van Beethoven's String Quartet No. 13 in B♭ major, Op. 130 is first performed and is premiered by the Schuppanzigh Quartet. In its original form, the piece has Grosse Fuge (later Op. 133) as the final movement.source
• 1826July – Ludwig van Beethoven puts the finishing touches on the String Quartet No. 14 in C♯ minor, Op. 131, the jewel in the crown of his late string quartets.source
• 1826August 6 — The 17 year old composer Felix Mendelssohn completes the overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream.source
• 1826August 10 – The first Cowes Regatta is held in the Isle of Wight, in the U.K.source
• 1827January 15 – Furman University, founded in 1826, begins its first classes with 10 students, as the Furman Academy and Theological Institution, located in Edgefield, South Carolina. By the end of 2016, it will have 2,800 students at its main campus in Greenville, South Carolina.source
• 1827March 15 – The University of Toronto is established by royal charter as King's College at York. It is the first institution of higher education in Upper Canada.source
• 1827March 16 – Freedom's Journal, the first African-American owned and published newspaper in the United States, is founded in New York City by John Russwurm.source
• 1827March 29 — Thousands crowd the streets of Vienna to attend the funeral of Beethoven after his March 26 death. His contemporaries Franz Schubert, Johann Nepomuk Hummel and Carl Czerny serve as torchbearers and Chancellor Metternich speaks.source
• 1827July 9 – Zarafa, the giraffe given by the Ottoman Viceroy of Egypt to King Charles X of France, arrives at the royal palace in Paris.source
• 1827November – The term "socialist" is coined by Robert Owen in his London periodical, The Co-operative Magazine and Monthly Herald.source
• 1828April 27 – The London Zoo opens for members of the Zoological Society of London as the first scientific zoo in the United Kingdom.source
• 1828May 9 – The Sacramental Test Act in the United Kingdom removes most prohibitions on nonconformists and Catholics holding public office.source
• 1828July 4 – Lord William Bentinck arrives at Calcutta (modern-day Kolkata) to begin his administration as the new Governor-General of India, on behalf of King George IV of the United Kingdom.source
• 1828July 5 – The British weekly The Spectator is founded by Robert Rintoul as a radical magazine.source
• 1828October 26 – The Office of the Institutions of Empress Maria is established in Russia to maintain the charitable institutions previously under the patronage of the late Empress.source
• 1828December 30 – Publication (begun on January 14) of Franz Schubert's song cycle Winterreise is concluded posthumously.source
• 1829January 19 – August Klingemann's adaptation of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust premieres in Braunschweig.source
• 1829March 11 – German composer Felix Mendelssohn conducts the first performance of Johann Sebastian Bach's St Matthew Passion since the latter's death in 1750, in Berlin; the success of this performance sparks a revival of interest in Bach.source
• 1829June 1 – The Philadelphia Inquirer is founded in the U.S. as The Pennsylvania Inquirer.source
• 1829June 10 – The Oxford University Boat Club wins the first inter-university Boat Race, rowed at Henley-on-Thames.source
• 1829August 3 – Gioacchino Rossini's opera William Tell (Guillaume Tell) is first performed, in Paris.source
• 1829August 12 – Mrs. Helen Dance, wife of the captain of the ship Sulphur, cuts down a tree to mark the founding day of the town of Perth, Western Australia.source
• 1829August 14 – King's College London is founded by Royal Charter, under the patronage of King George IV and the Prime Minister, The Duke of Wellington.source
• 1829September 28 – African-American abolitionist David Walker publishes his Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, in Boston, Massachusetts.source
• 1829November 5 – The Chalmers University of Technology is founded in Gothenburg, Sweden.source
• 1829November 5 – Technical University of Denmark (DTU) opens.source
• 1829December 4 – In India, Lord William Bentinck, British Governor General of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal, pushes through a regulation declaring that all who abet sati (suttee) (the self-immolation of a widow on her husband's funeral pyre) in parts of British India are guilty of culpable homicide. This follows long campaigning by Bengali reformer Ram Mohan Roy.source
• 1830January 11 – LaGrange College (later the University of North Alabama) begins operation, becoming the first publicly chartered college in Alabama.source
• 1830May 15 – The Royal Swedish Yacht Club (KSSS) is founded.source
• 1830July 13 – The General Assembly's Institution (later the Scottish Church College), one of the pioneering institutions that ushers in the Bengali Renaissance, is founded by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy, in Calcutta, India.source
• 1830December 5 – Hector Berlioz's most famous work, Symphonie fantastique, has its world premiere in Paris.source
• 1830The Glyptothek museum of classical sculpture, commissioned by King Ludwig I of Bavaria, is opened as Munich's first public museum.source
• 1830The Entuzjastki society is founded in Poland.source
• 1831January 1 – William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing The Liberator, an anti-slavery newspaper, in Boston, Massachusetts.source
• 1831March 16 – Victor Hugo's historical romantic Gothic novel Notre-Dame de Paris, known in English as The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, is published in Paris.source
• 1831April 18 – The University of Alabama is founded.source
• 1831April 18 – The Sydney Morning Herald newspaper is first published, as the Sydney Herald.source
• 1831September 8 – Coronation of King William IV of the United Kingdom (he will reign until 1837).source
• 1831September 28– The first national presidential nominating convention in the United States concludes after three days as the Anti-Masonic Party selects its nominee for president in Baltimore, Maryland.source
• 1831November 8 – The Kings School (Parramatta) was approved to be established.source
• 1831New York University in New York Citysource
• 1831Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticutsource
• 1831Founding of educational establishments:source
• 1831Wallinska skolan, the first secondary school for girls in the Swedish capital of Stockholm.source
• 1831Xavier University in Cincinnati (as "The Athenaeum")source
• 1831Denison University in Granville, Ohiosource
• 1832January 6 – Abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison founds the New-England Anti-Slavery Society.source
• 1832February 26 — Frédéric Chopin made his highly anticipated Paris debut on at the Salle Pleyel. The concert featured his own Piano Concerto in E Minor and Variations on 'Là ci darem la mano', and was attended by the city's musical and cultural elite, including Franz Liszt and Felix Mendelssohn. The concert would catapult him as one of the most popular composers in not only Paris but all of Europe.source
• 1832May 30 – The Hambacher Fest, a demonstration for civil liberties and national unity in Germany, ends with no result.source
• 1832July 4 – Durham University is founded in the north of England by an act of Parliament given royal assent by King William IV.source
• 1832August 9 – Leopold I of Belgium marries the daughter of the French king Louise of Orléans in a dynastic marriage at the Château de Compiègnesource
• 1832October 29 - Alpha Delta Phi, the sixth-oldest college fraternity, is founded as a literary society by Samuel Eells at Hamilton College in Clinton, New York.source
• 1832November 21 – Wabash College, a small, private, liberal arts college for men, is founded.source
• 1832The first Baedeker guidebook, Voyage du Rhin de Mayence à Cologne, is published in Koblenz.source
• 1833April 18 – Over 300 delegates from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland travel to the office of the Prime Minister, the Earl Grey, to call for the immediate abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire.source
• 1833August 1 – King William's College opens on the Isle of Man.source
• 1833September 2 – Oberlin College is founded in the U.S. at Oberlin, Ohio.source
• 1833October 20 – Alfred, Lord Tennyson, publishes his oft-quoted poem, Ulysses.source
• 1833December 18 – The national anthem of the Russian Empire, God Save the Tsar!, is first performed.source
• 1833December – The American Anti-Slavery Society is founded.source
• 1833H.R.H. Prince Mongkut of Siam founds the Dhammayut Buddhist reform movement.source
• 1833Kalamazoo College in Kalamazoo, Michigan.source
• 1834February 3 – Wake Forest University is founded as the Wake Forest Manual Labor Institute in Wake Forest, North Carolina.source
• 1834July 29 – The Office of Indian Affairs is organized in the United States.source
• 1834September 13 – The Gleaner newspaper is first published in Jamaica.source
• 1834The Medical School of Louisiana (later Tulane University) is founded in New Orleans.source
• 1835March 23 – The Academia Mexicana de la Lengua (Mexican Academy of Language) is established.source
• 1835May 8 – Hans Christian Andersen's Fairy Tales Told for Children. First Collection. is first published.source
• 1835July 25 – James Bowman Lindsay demonstrates a constant electric light at a public meeting in Dundee, Scotland.source
• 1835August 28 – St. Vincent's Ecclesiastical Seminary, a predecessor of Castleknock College, is founded by the Vincentian community in Dublin, Ireland.source
• 1835September 19 – William Lloyd Garrison publishes Angelina Grimké's anti-slavery letter in The Liberator.source
• 1835October 3 – The Staedtler Company (pencil manufacturers) is founded by J. S. Staedtler in Nuremberg, Germany.source
• 1835The first Bulgarian-language school opens in the Ottoman Empire.source
• 1835Edward Strutt Abdy publishes his Journal of a Residence and Tour in the United States of North America: From April, 1833, to October 1834.source
• 1835The first Egyptian Museum in Cairo opened.source
• 1836January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand Augustus Francis Anthony of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.source
• 1836February 29 - Giacomo Meyerbeer's opera, Les Huguenots is performed for the first time in Paris, France.source
• 1836March 29 – Richard Wagner's opera Das Liebesverbot is performed for the first time, in Magdeburg.source
• 1836March 31 (dated April) – The first monthly part of Charles Dickens's The Pickwick Papers ("The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club..., edited by Boz") is published in London.source
• 1836May 4 – The Ancient Order of Hibernians, an Irish Catholic fraternal organization, is founded in New York City.source
• 1836May 7 – The settlement of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico is elevated to the royal status of villa, by the government of Spain.source
• 1836July 30 – The first English-language newspaper is published in Hawaii.source
• 1836August 17 – The Marriage Act in the United Kingdom establishes civil marriage and registration systems that permit marriages in nonconformist chapels, and a Registrar General of Births, Marriages, and Deaths.source
• 1836November 28 – The University of London is established by Royal Charter, with University College London and King's College London named as the first affiliated colleges.source
• 1836December 4 – The Whig Party (United States) holds its first national convention, in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.source
• 1836In Munich, the art museum Alte Pinakothek opened.source
• 1837February 25 – In Philadelphia, the Institute for Colored Youth (ICY) is founded, as the first institution for the higher education of black people in the United States.source
• 1837July 13 – Queen Victoria moves from Kensington Palace into Buckingham Palace, the first reigning British monarch to make this, rather than St James's Palace, as her London home.source
• 1837November 8 – Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, later Mount Holyoke College, is founded in South Hadley, Massachusetts.source
• 1837The Olney Friends School is founded in the Appalachian Mountains of the United States.source
• 1837The 5th century B.C. Berlin Foundry Cup is acquired for the Antikensammlung Berlin in Germany.source
• 1838March 31 – The first installment of Nicholas Nickleby, the new novel by Charles Dickens, is released as the opener of a 20-part serialization in London.source
• 1838August 6 – The Polytechnic Institution, predecessor of the University of Westminster and Britain's first polytechnic, opens in Regent Street, London.source
• 1838September 18 – The Anti-Corn Law League is established in Britain by Richard Cobden.source
• 1838November 3 – The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce is founded (renamed The Times of India in 1861).source
• 1838Duke University is established in North Carolina.source
• 1839January – The first parallax measurement of the distance to Alpha Centauri is published by Thomas Henderson.source
• 1839February 11 – The University of Missouri is established, becoming the first public university west of the Mississippi River.source
• 1839March 5 – Longwood University is founded in Farmville, Virginia.source
• 1839March 7 – Baltimore City College, the third public high school in the United States, is established in Baltimore, Maryland.source
• 1839March 9 – The Anti-Corn Law League is founded in Manchester, England.source
• 1839March 26 – The first Henley Royal Regatta is held on the River Thames in England.source
• 1839April 24 – Boston University is established as the Newbury Biblical Institute in Vermont.source
• 1839August 8 – The Fraternity of Beta Theta Pi is founded by John Reily Knox at Miami University.source
• 1839November 11 – The Virginia Military Institute is founded in Lexington, Virginia.source
• 1839November 17 – Giuseppe Verdi's first opera, Oberto, conte di San Bonifacio, opens in Milan.source
• 1839November 27 – The American Statistical Association is founded in Boston, Massachusetts.source
• 1840January 3 – One of the predecessor papers of the Herald Sun of Melbourne, Australia, The Port Phillip Herald, is founded.source
• 1840February 10 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom marries her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.source
• 1840February 11 – Gaetano Donizetti's opera La fille du régiment premieres in Paris.source
• 1840March 4 – Alexander S. Wolcott and John Johnson open the world's first commercial photography portrait studio, their Daguerreian Parlor, on Broadway in Manhattan.source
• 1840April 2 – The Washingtonian movement for teetotalism is founded by a group of alcoholics in Baltimore, Maryland.source
• 1840April 3 – Johnny Appleseed meets Abraham Lincoln, and plants apple trees in New York City.source
• 1840June 12–23 – The World Anti-Slavery Convention is organised by the British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, at Exeter Hall in London, England. Arguments over the exclusion of women from the convention have important ramifications for the movement for women's suffrage in the United States.source
• 1840September 16 – Joseph Strutt hands over the deeds and papers concerning the Derby Arboretum, which is to become England's first public park.source
• 1840The first English translation of Goethe's Theory of Colours by Charles Eastlake is published.source
• 1841June 6 – The United Kingdom Census is held, the first to record names and approximate ages of every household member, and to be administered nationally.source
• 1841June 21 – St. John's College, later Fordham University, is founded in The Bronx by Jesuits.source
• 1841June 28 – The ballet Giselle is first presented by the Ballet du Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique, at the Salle Le Peletier in Paris, France, with music by Adolphe Adam and Italian ballerina Carlotta Grisi in the title role.source
• 1841July 17 – The first edition of the humorous magazine Punch is published in London.source
• 1841October 16 – Queen's University is founded in Kingston, Ontario, by Rev. Thomas Liddell, who carries a Royal Charter from Queen Victoria, and becomes the school's first principal.source
• 1841December 27 – Franz Liszt gives a piano recital at the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin to an enthusiastic audience, retrospectively marked as the beginning of Lisztomania, which will accompany his tours across Europe during the decade.source
• 1841Emperor Pedro II of Brazil is crowned in Rio de Janeiro.source
• 1842January 8 – Delft University of Technology is established by William II of the Netherlands, as a 'Royal Academy for the education of civilian engineers'.source
• 1842February 1 – The modern-day Willamette University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the western United States, is established in Salem, Oregon as "The Oregon Institute". The first students begin classes begin on August 13, 1844.source
• 1842March 2 – Gaylad, ridden by Tom Olliver, wins the Grand National at Aintree Racecourse in England.source
• 1842March 9 – Giuseppe Verdi's third opera Nabucco premieres at La Scala in Milan; its success establishes Verdi as one of Italy's foremost operatic composers.source
• 1842March 28 – The Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, founded by Otto Nicolai, performs its first concert.source
• 1842July 13 – The Tri-Kap fraternity is founded at Dartmouth College (the oldest local fraternity in the United States).source
• 1842September – Wesleyan University is established in Ohio.source
• 1842November 26 – The University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana (United States) is established by Father Edward Sorin, of the Roman Catholic Congregation of Holy Cross.source
• 1842December 7 – The New York Philharmonic, founded by Ureli Corelli Hill, performs its first concert.source
• 1842December 20 – The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, is established.source
• 1842Indiana University Maurer School of Law at Indiana University Bloomington.source
• 1842Villanova University (in Villanova, Pennsylvania by the Augustinian order).source
• 1842Cumberland University (in Lebanon, Tennessee).source
• 1842Hollins University (as Valley Union Seminary in Roanoke, Virginia by Charles Cocke).source
• 1843January 3 – The Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms (海國圖志, Hǎiguó Túzhì) compiled by Wei Yuan and others, the first significant Chinese work on the West, is published in China.source
• 1843February 6 – The Virginia Minstrels perform the first minstrel show, at the Bowery Amphitheatre in New York City.source
• 1843February 11 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera I Lombardi alla prima crociata premieres at La Scala in Milan.source
• 1843February 14 – The event that will inspire The Beatles' 1967 song "Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!" is held in England.source
• 1843March 16 – The city of Petrópolis is founded by the government of Brazil.source
• 1843April 7 – The Indian Slavery Act, 1843 removes legal support for slavery within the territories of the East India Companysource
• 1843September 2 – The Economist newspaper is first published in London (preliminary issue dated August).source
• 1843Saint Louis University School of Law becomes the first law school west of the Mississippi River.source
• 1843Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Tell-Tale Heart" is published in The Pioneer, a Boston magazine.source
• 1843Serial publication of Charles Dickens's novel Martin Chuzzlewit begins in London; in the July chapters, he lands his hero in the United States.source
• 1844January 4 – The first issue of the Swedish-languaged Saima newspaper founded by J. V. Snellman is published in Kuopio, Finland.source
• 1844January 15 – The University of Notre Dame, based in the city of the same name, receives its charter from Indiana.source
• 1844March 9 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera Ernani debuts at Teatro La Fenice, Venice.source
• 1844June 6 – George Williams sets up (in London) what is often cited as the first youth organisation in the world – "The Young Men's Christian Association", commonly known as YMCA. It will grow to a worldwide organisation based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 57 million beneficiaries from 125 national associations. George Williams aims to put Christian principles into practice by developing a healthy "body, mind, and spirit." These three angles are reflected by the different sides of the (red) triangle – part of all YMCA logos.source
• 1844June 17 – Søren Kierkegaard's The Concept of Anxiety is published in Denmark (as Begrebet Angest by 'Vigilius Haufniensis').source
• 1844June 22 – The Delta Kappa Epsilon student fraternity is founded at Yale College in the United States. ΔΚΕ will be home to many well known figures, such as U.S. Presidents George W. Bush, George H. W. Bush, Gerald Ford and Theodore Roosevelt.source
• 1844September 25–27 – The first ever international cricket match is played in New York City, United States v Canadian Provinces.source
• 1844November 3 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera I due Foscari debuts at Teatro Argentina, Rome.source
• 1844In Munich, the Feldherrnhalle is completed.source
• 1844Robert Chambers' anonymous Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation, which paves the way for acceptance of Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species, is published in Britain.source
• 1845January 10 – Elizabeth Barrett receives a love letter from the younger poet Robert Browning; on May 20, they meet for the first time in London. She begins writing her Sonnets from the Portuguese.source
• 1845January 29 – The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe is published for the first time, in the New York Evening Mirror.source
• 1845February 1 – Anson Jones, President of the Republic of Texas, signs the charter officially creating Baylor University (the oldest university in the U.S. state of Texas that still operates under its original name).source
• 1845February 7 – A drunken visitor smashes the Portland Vase in the British Museum, requiring months of repair work.source
• 1845March 13 – The Violin Concerto by Felix Mendelssohn premieres in Leipzig, with Ferdinand David as soloist.source
• 1845May – Frederick Douglass's autobiographical Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave is published by the Boston Anti-Slavery Society.source
• 1845September 25 – The Phi Alpha Literary Society is founded, in Jacksonville, Illinois.source
• 1845October 10 – In Annapolis, Maryland, the Naval School (later renamed the United States Naval Academy) opens with 50 midshipmen and seven professors.source
• 1845October 19 – Richard Wagner's opera Tannhäuser debuts at the Dresden Royal Court Theater.source
• 1845October 21 – The New York Herald becomes the first newspaper to mention the game of baseball.source
• 1845Eugénie Luce founds the Luce Ben Aben School in Algiers.source
• 1845Friedrich Engels' treatise The Condition of the Working Class in England is published in Leipzig as Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England.source
• 1846March 10 – Prince Osahito, fourth son of deceased Emperor Ninkō of Japan, becomes Emperor Kōmei.source
• 1846May 11 – The University at Buffalo is founded by future United States Vice President and President, Millard Fillmore.source
• 1846May – The Associated Press is founded in New York.source
• 1846September 12 – Poets Elizabeth Barrett and Robert Browning marry privately in London, departing a week later for the continent.source
• 1846October 1 – Christ College, Tasmania, opens with the hope that it will develop along the lines of an Oxbridge college, and provide the basis for university education in Tasmania. By the 21st century it will be the oldest tertiary institution in Australia.source
• 1846The first higher school of academic learning for women in Denmark, Den højere Dannelsesanstalt for Damer, is founded in Copenhagen.source
• 1846Fort Wayne Female College is founded in Indiana as a Methodist institution; it will later be renamed Taylor University.source
• 1847January 17 – St. Anthony Hall fraternity is founded at Columbia University, New York City.source
• 1847January 30 – Yerba Buena, California, is renamed San Francisco.source
• 1847February 25 – State University of Iowa is founded in Iowa City, Iowa.source
• 1847March 14 – Verdi's opera Macbeth premieres at the Teatro della Pergola, in Florence, Italy.source
• 1847April 5 – The world's first municipally-funded civic public park, Birkenhead Park in Birkenhead on Merseyside, England, is opened.source
• 1847April 15 – The Lawrence School, Sanawar is established in India.source
• 1847May 7 – In Philadelphia, the American Medical Association (AMA) is founded.source
• 1847May – The Architectural Association School of Architecture is founded in London.source
• 1847June 1 – The first congress of the Communist League is held in London.source
• 1847June 9 – Radley College, an English public school, is founded near Oxford as a High Anglican institution.source
• 1847July 29 – The Cumberland School of Law is founded at Cumberland University, in Lebanon, Tennessee. At the end of this year, only 15 law schools exist in the United States.source
• 1847August – Yale Corporation establishes the first graduate school in the United States, as Department of Philosophy and the Arts (renamed Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in 1892).source
• 1847October 31 – Theta Delta Chi is founded as a social fraternity at Union College, Schenectady, New York.source
• 1848January 24 – California Gold Rush: James W. Marshall finds gold at Sutter's Mill, in Coloma, California.source
• 1848February 2 – John Henry Newman founds the first Oratory in the English-speaking world, when he establishes the Birmingham Oratory at 'Maryvale', Old Oscott, England.source
• 1848March 15 – Hungarian Revolution of 1848: The Hungarian young revolutionary intellectuals, led by Sándor Petőfi, Mór Jókai and others, called the Márciusi Ifjak (Young men of March) organize peaceful mass demonstrations in Pest, forcing the city's Habsburg authorities to accept the 12 Points: the Hungarian claim for freedom and self-determination within the Habsburg Empire. On the same day, Lajos Kossuth and representatives of the Diet of Hungary go to Vienna, and force the emperor and Hungarian king Ferdinand I of Austria to accept Hungarian claims for self-determination within the empire.source
• 1848March 18 – The Boston Public Library is founded by an act of the Great and General Court of Massachusetts.source
• 1848March 29 – Queen's College, London, founded, the world's first school to award academic qualifications to young women.source
• 1848May 13 – "Maamme", the national anthem of Finland written by German composer Fredrik Pacius and Finnish poet Johan Ludvig Runeberg, was performed for the first time.source
• 1848May 30 – The Prudential Mutual Assurance Investment and Loan Association is established at Hatton Garden in London (England) to provide loans to professional and working people, origin of the multinational life insurance and financial services group.source
• 1848June 24 – Anne Brontë published her final novel and her best-selling work, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.source
• 1848July 19 – Seneca Falls Convention: The 2-day women's rights convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York; "Bloomers" are introduced.source
• 1848July 26 – The University of Wisconsin–Madison is founded.source
• 1848August 19 – California Gold Rush: The New York Herald breaks the news to the East Coast of the United States that there is a gold rush in California (although the rush started in January).source
• 1848September 26 – The University of Ottawa is founded in Canada as the College of Bytown, a Roman Catholic institution.source
• 1848October 18 – Elizabeth Gaskell's first novel, Mary Barton: A Tale of Manchester Life, is published anonymously in London.source
• 1848December 20 – Slavery is abolished in Réunion (this day is celebrated every year from 1981).source
• 1848The Shaker song "Simple Gifts" is written by Joseph Brackett in Alfred, Maine.source
• 1848Rhodes College is founded in Clarksville, Tennessee, as the Masonic University of Tennessee.source
• 1848The University of Mississippi admits its first students.source
• 1848Geneva College (Pennsylvania) is founded as Geneva Hall in Northwood, Logan County, Ohio.source
• 1849November – Austin College receives a charter in Huntsville, Texas.source
• 1850January 31 – The University of Rochester is founded in Rochester, New York.source
• 1850February 28 – The University of Utah opens in Salt Lake City.source
• 1850March 16 – Nathaniel Hawthorne's historical novel The Scarlet Letter is published in Boston, Massachusetts.source
• 1850July 1 – St. Mary School for Boys (the future University of Dayton) opens its doors in Dayton, Ohio.source
• 1850August 28 – Richard Wagner's romantic opera Lohengrin (including the Bridal Chorus) premieres under the direction of Franz Liszt, in Weimar.source
• 1850October 1 – The University of Sydney (the oldest in Australia) is founded.source
• 1850October 19 – The Phi Kappa Sigma international fraternity is founded, at the University of Pennsylvania.source
• 1850Undergraduates at Exeter College, Oxford arrange a "foot grind" (a cross-country steeplechase), the first organised university athletic event.source
• 1850Bingley Hall, the world's first purpose-built exhibition hall, opens in Birmingham, England.source
• 1850Stephen Foster's parlor ballad "Ah! May the Red Rose Live Alway" is published in the United States.source
• 1850German physicist Rudolf Clausius publishes his paper on the mechanical theory of heat ("On the Moving Force of Heat") which first states the basic ideas of the second law of thermodynamics.source
• 1851January 15 – Christian Female College, modern-day Columbia College, receives its charter from the Missouri General Assembly.source
• 1851January 28 – Northwestern University is founded in Illinois.source
• 1851March 11 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera Rigoletto is first performed at La Fenice in Venice.source
• 1851April 28 – Santa Clara College is chartered in Santa Clara, California.source
• 1851May 15 – Mongkut is crowned as King (Rama IV) of Siam, at the Grand Palace in Bangkok.source
• 1851May 15 – Alpha Delta Pi sorority, the first secret society for women, is founded at Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia (U.S.)source
• 1851May 15 – The first Australian gold rush is proclaimed, although the discovery had been made three months earlier.source
• 1851June 21 – The Immortal Game, a famous chess match, is played between Adolf Anderssen and Lionel Kieseritzky, during a break in the first international tournament, held in London.source
• 1851July 10 – The University of the Pacific is chartered as California Wesleyan College, in Santa Clara, California.source
• 1851September 15 – Saint Joseph's University is founded in Philadelphia.source
• 1851September 18 – The New York Times is founded in New York City.source
• 1851October 15 – The city of Winona, Minnesota is founded.source
• 1851October – The Reuters news service is founded in Londonsource
• 1851November 14 – Herman Melville's novel Moby-Dick; or The Whale is published in the U.S. by Harper & Brothers, New York, after being first published on October 18 in London, by Richard Bentley, in three volumes as The Whale.source
• 1851December 9 – The first YMCA in North America is established in Montreal.source
• 1851December 29 – The first YMCA in the United States opens in Boston, Massachusetts.source
• 1852February 19 – Phi Kappa Psi fraternity is founded in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, at Jefferson College.source
• 1852March 20 – Uncle Tom's Cabin, by Harriet Beecher Stowe, is published in book form in Boston, Massachusetts.source
• 1852July 5 – Frederick Douglass delivers his famous speech, "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?", in Rochester, New York.source
• 1852August 3 – The first American intercollegiate athletic event, the Boat Race between Yale and Harvard, is held.source
• 1852November – Leo Tolstoy's debut novel Childhood is published under the initials L. N., in this month's issue of the Saint Petersburg literary journal Sovremennik (and later in book form).source
• 1852Justin Perkins, an American Presbyterian missionary, produces the first translation of the Bible in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, which is published with the parallel text of the Syriac Peshitta, by the American Bible Society.source
• 1852Loyola College is chartered in Baltimore, Maryland.source
• 1852Mills College is founded as the Young Ladies Seminary in Benicia, California.source
• 1852Antioch College is founded in Yellow Springs, Ohio (its first president is Horace Mann).source
• 1853January 6 – Florida Governor Thomas Brown signs legislation that provides public support for the new East Florida Seminary, leading to the establishment of the University of Florida.source
• 1853January 19 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera Il Trovatore premieres at Teatro Apollo in Rome.source
• 1853February 22 – Washington University in St. Louis is founded as Eliot Seminary.source
• 1853March 6 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera La traviata premieres at La Fenice in Venice, but is poorly received at this time.source
• 1853June 22 – Guimarães is elevated to city status by Queen Maria II of Portugal.source
• 1853August 23 – The first true International Meteorological Organization is established in Brussels, Belgium.source
• 1853August 24 – The Royal Norwegian Navy Museum is founded at Karljohansvern in Horten, perhaps the world's first naval museum.source
• 1853October 25 – In Munich, the art museum Neue Pinakothek opens.source
• 1853Wheaton Academy is founded as an evangelical high school in West Chicago, Illinois.source
• 1854January 9 – The Teutonia Männerchor in Pittsburgh is founded to promote German culture.source
• 1854May 18 – The Catholic University of Ireland (forerunner of University College Dublin) is founded.source
• 1854July 6 – In Jackson, Michigan, the first convention of the U.S. Republican Party is held.source
• 1854July 19 – Wood's despatch is sent by Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax to Lord Dalhousie, Governor General of India, proposing radical improvements to the Indian educational system.source
• 1854October 17 – The Age newspaper is founded in Melbourne, Australia.source
• 1854Bryant & Stratton College is founded as a business institute in the United States.source
• 1855February 11 – Kassa Hailu is crowned Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia.source
• 1855February 12 – Michigan State University (the "pioneer" land-grant college) is established.source
• 1855February 22 – Pennsylvania State University is founded, as the Farmers' High School of Pennsylvania.source
• 1855March 16 – Bates College is founded by abolitionists in Lewiston, Maine.source
• 1855May 15 – The Exposition Universelle (an early World's fair) officially opens in Paris (continues to November 15).source
• 1855July 4 – Walt Whitman's poetry collection Leaves of Grass is published in Brooklyn.source
• 1855August 18 – Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, with Prince Albert, begins a 10-day state visit to Paris, the first visit of a reigning British monarch to France since 1413. While there, she visits the Exposition Universelle.source
• 1855September 3 – The last Bartholomew Fair is held in London, England.source
• 1855September 27 – Alfred Tennyson reads from his new book Maud and other poems, at a social gathering in the home of Robert and Elizabeth Browning in London; Dante Gabriel Rossetti makes a sketch of him doing so.source
• 1855November 10 – Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's fictional poem The Song of Hiawatha is published in Boston.source
• 1855December 22 – The Metropolitan Board of Works is established in London.source
• 1856January 29 – Queen Victoria institutes the Victoria Cross as a British military decoration.source
• 1856February 1 – Auburn University is first chartered, as the East Alabama Male College.source
• 1856February 18 – The American Know Nothing Party convenes in Philadelphia to nominate their first Presidential candidate, former President Millard Fillmore.source
• 1856March 6 – Maryland Agricultural College (modern-day University of Maryland, College Park) is chartered.source
• 1856April 7 – Nelson College is founded in Nelson, New Zealand.source
• 1856April 10 – Theta Chi international college fraternity is founded at Norwich University in Vermont.source
• 1856April 17 – The Chicago Historical Society Museum is established at 1601 N. Clark Street, Chicago.source
• 1856April 30 - The founding of the Associação Naval de Lisboa by King Pedro V, the oldest nautical association in the Iberian Peninsula.source
• 1856November 21 – Niagara University is founded in Niagara Falls, New York.source
• 1856December 2 – The National Portrait Gallery, London, is established.source
• 1856The National Dress Reform Association is founded in the United States to promote "rational" dress for women.source
• 1856Legal protection of widow remarriage is extended in India.source
• 1857January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, Postimees, is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen.source
• 1857January 24 – The University of Calcutta is established in Calcutta, as the first multidisciplinary modern university in South Asia. The University of Bombay is also established in Bombay, British India, this year.source
• 1857February 3 – The National Deaf Mute College (later renamed Gallaudet University) is established in Washington, D.C., becoming the first school for the advanced education of the deaf.source
• 1857March 6 – Dred Scott v. Sandford: The Supreme Court of the United States rules that blacks are not citizens and slaves can not sue for freedom, driving the U.S. further towards the American Civil War (the ruling is not overturned until the 14th Amendment is adopted in 1868).source
• 1857April 14 – Princess Beatrice, the fifth daughter and the youngest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, is born.source
• 1857April 18 – The Spirits' Book (Le Livre des Esprits), one of the Five Fundamental Works of Spiritism, is published by French educator Allan Kardec.source
• 1857April 27 – First horse race run at Longchamp Racecourse in Paris.source
• 1857June 6 – Sophia of Nassau marries the future King Oscar II of Sweden–Norway.source
• 1857June 20 – The Victoria and Albert Museum in London is officially opened by Queen Victoria.source
• 1857October 24 – Sheffield F.C., the world's first association football team, is founded in Sheffield, United Kingdom by Nathaniel Creswick and William Prestsource
• 1857San Jose State, the first public U.S. university west of the Mississippi River, opens in San Francisco as Minn's Evening School.source
• 1857Illinois State University, the first public university in Illinois, is established in Normal, Illinois.source
• 1858January 25 – The Wedding March by Felix Mendelssohn becomes a popular wedding recessional, after it is played on this day at the marriage of Queen Victoria's daughter Victoria, Princess Royal, to Prince Friedrich of Prussia in St James's Palace, London.source
• 1858August 7 – A football match, played under an unknown set of rules, is held between Melbourne Grammar School and Scotch College.source
• 1858August 21 – The first of the Lincoln–Douglas debates is held in Illinois.source
• 1858October 21 – Jacques Offenbach's operetta Orpheus in the Underworld, featuring music associated with the can-can, is first performed in Paris.source
• 1858November 12 – Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein, succeeds to the throne aged 18; he will rule until his death in 1929, the second-longest in European royal history and the longest precisely documented tenure of any monarch without a regent since antiquity.source
• 1858November 17 – The city of Denver, Colorado, is founded.source
• 1859February 12 – The Mekteb-i Mülkiye School is founded in the Ottoman Empire.source
• 1859March 21 – Pennsylvania issues the charter establishing the Zoological Society of Philadelphia, the first organization of its kind in the United States, and founder of the nation's first zoo.source
• 1859April 13 – The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art is founded by Peter Cooper, a New York industrialist, inventor and philanthropist.source
• 1859April 30 – A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens is published in England.source
• 1859May 31 – Big Ben, the Great Clock at the Palace of Westminster, London, is started.source
• 1859July 1 – The first intercollegiate baseball game is played, between Amherst and Williams Colleges.source
• 1859July 8 – Charles XV succeeds his father Oscar I of Sweden and Norway (as Charles IV).source
• 1859July 30 – Grand Combin, one of the highest summits in the Alps, is first ascended.source
• 1859November 15 – The first Zappas Olympics open in Greece.source
• 1859December 10 – The Ateneo de Manila University is founded, as the Escuela Municipal de Manila.source
• 1859The University of Michigan Law School is founded.source
• 1859The Mary Institute is founded in Missouri.source
• 1860May 17 – The German association football club TSV 1860 München is founded.source
• 1860July 2 – Vladivostok is founded in Russia.source
• 1860July 11 – Mutsuhito (the future Emperor Meiji) becomes Crown Prince of Japan.source
• 1860September 3–5 – The First International Chemistry Congress is held in Karlsruhe, Baden.source
• 1860October 17 – The Open Championship, also known as the British Open, is played for the first time at Prestwick Golf Club in Ayrshire, Scotland. The event is won by Willie Park Srsource
• 1861February 21 – Mariehamn, the capital of Åland, is founded.source
• 1861March 3 (February 19 O.S.) – Emancipation reform of 1861: Alexander II abolishes serfdom in the Russian Empire.source
• 1861May 10 – The Royal Seminary is granted its constitution as the first public institution of higher academic learning open to women in Sweden.source
• 1861July 1 – The first issue of the Vatican's newspaper L'Osservatore Romano is published.source
• 1861July 1 – In Cologne, the Wallraf–Richartz Museum of art opens.source
• 1861August 20–22 – The first modern Welsh National Eisteddfod takes place in Aberdare.source
• 1861November 4 – The University of Washington is founded in Seattle.source
• 1861November 5 – The first Melbourne Cup horse race is held in Melbourne, Australia.source
• 1862February 1 – American Civil War: Julia Ward Howe's "Battle Hymn of the Republic" is published for the first time in the Atlantic Monthly.source
• 1862March 31 – Victor Hugo's epic French historical novel Les Misérables begins publication in Brussels.source
• 1862May 1–November 1 – The 1862 International Exhibition is held at South Kensington in London; it is particularly noteworthy for an exhibit from Japan, influential in the development of Anglo-Japanese style.source
• 1862May 2 – The California State Normal School (later San Jose State University) is created by an Act of the California legislature.source
• 1862July 1 – The Russian State Library is founded, as The Library of the Moscow Public Museum.source
• 1862July 1 – Princess Alice, the second daughter of Queen Victoria, marries Prince Ludwig of Hesse and by Rhine.source
• 1862July 1 – The Bureau of Internal Revenue, the forerunner of the Internal Revenue Service, is established in the United States.source
• 1862August 19 – Horace Greeley publishes an editorial, "The Prayer of Twenty Millions", in the New York Tribune, in which he urges U.S. President Abraham Lincoln to make abolition of slavery an official aim of the Union war effort.source
• 1862November 28 – Notts County F.C. is founded in Nottingham, England, making it (by the 21st century) the world's oldest professional Association football team.source
• 1862Anglo-Indian teacher Anna Leonowens accepts an offer made by the Siamese consul in Singapore, Tan Kim Ching, to teach the wives and children of Mongkut, the King of Siam.source
• 1863January 8 – The Yorkshire County Cricket Club is founded at the Adelphi Hotel, in Sheffield, England.source
• 1863January 31 – Jules Verne's first adventure novel, Five Weeks in a Balloon (Cinq semaines en ballon), is published in Paris.source
• 1863March 10 – Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (later Edward VII of the United Kingdom) marries Princess Alexandra of Denmark (later Queen Alexandra).source
• 1863April 21 – Ayyam-i butun: Bahá'u'lláh begins a 12-day stay in the Najibiyyih gardens, Baghdad (later known as the Garden of Ridván) during which he declares his station as He whom God shall make manifest. This date is celebrated in the Baháʼí Faith as the festival of Ridván.source
• 1863May 23 – Ferdinand Lassalle founds the Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein (General German Workers' Association, ADAV), the first socialist workers party in Germany.source
• 1863May 31 – The first Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe horse race is held.source
• 1863June 12 – The Arts Club is founded by Charles Dickens, Frederic Leighton and others in Hanover Square, London.source
• 1863June 13 – Samuel Butler's dystopian article "Darwin among the Machines" is published (under the pen name Cellarius) in The Press newspaper in Christchurch, New Zealand; it will be incorporated into his novel Erewhon (1872).source
• 1863August 3 – Otago Boys' High School is founded in New Zealand.source
• 1863August 26 – The Swedish-language liberal newspaper Helsingfors Dagblad proposes a blue-and-white cross as the flag of Finland.source
• 1863September 30 – Georges Bizet's opera Les pêcheurs de perles debuts, at the Théâtre Lyrique in Paris.source
• 1863October 3 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln proclaims a national Thanksgiving Day, to be celebrated on the final Thursday in November.source
• 1863November 4 – Hector Berlioz's opera Les Troyens is performed for the first time, at the Théâtre Lyrique in Paris.source
• 1863December 6 – C.S.A.C. Fides Quadrat Intellectum, the First Reformed student society, is founded at the Theologische Universiteit Kampen (Broederweg), in Kampen, the Netherlands.source
• 1864March 14 – Rossini's Petite messe solennelle is first performed, by twelve singers, two pianists and a harmonium player in a mansion in Paris.source
• 1864April 8 – Gallaudet University is founded in Washington, D.C., as the first university for the deaf and hard of hearing.source
• 1864June 15 – Arlington National Cemetery is established in the United States, when 200 acre km2 of the grounds of Robert E. Lee's home (Arlington House) are officially set aside as a military cemetery, by U.S. Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton.source
• 1864July 2 – Dimitri Atanasescu founds the first Romanian school in the Balkans for Aromanians in Trnovo, in the Ottoman Empire (modern-day North Macedonia). By the early 20th century, the number of these schools will have risen to 106.source
• 1864July 4 – The University of Bucharest in Romania is founded.source
• 1864September 28 – The International Workingmen's Association is founded in London.source
• 1865March 4 – Washington College and Jefferson College are merged to form Washington & Jefferson College in the United States.source
• 1865April 27 – Governor of New York Reuben Fenton signs a bill formally creating Cornell University.source
• 1865May 23 – Grand Review of the Armies: Union Army troops parade down Pennsylvania Avenue (Washington, D.C.) to celebrate the end of the American Civil War.source
• 1865June 10 – Richard Wagner's opera Tristan und Isolde debuts at the Munich Court Theatre.source
• 1865July 4 – Lewis Carroll publishes his children's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland in England (first trade editions in December).source
• 1865July 27 – Businessman Asa Packer establishes Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.source
• 1865September 19 – Union Business College (now Peirce College) is founded in Philadelphia.source
• 1865December 21 – The Kappa Alpha Order is founded at Washington College, Lexington, Virginia.source
• 1865Nottingham Forest Football Club, an association football based in West Bridgford, Nottingham, England, is founded.source
• 1866January 1 – The last issue of the abolitionist magazine The Liberator is published.source
• 1866January 1 – Fisk University, a historically black university, is established in Nashville, Tennessee.source
• 1866January 12 – The Royal Aeronautical Society is formed as The Aeronautical Society of Great Britain in London, the world's oldest such society.source
• 1866January 18 – Wesley College, Melbourne, is established.source
• 1866April 10 – The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) is founded in New York City by Henry Bergh.source
• 1866May 26 – First production of the comic opera Cox and Box by F. C. Burnand and Arthur Sullivan at Moray Lodge, Kensingtonsource
• 1866May 30 – Bedrich Smetana's comic opera The Bartered Bride premiered in Prague.source
• 1866July 5 – Princess Helena, third daughter of Queen Victoria, marries Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein.source
• 1866July 28 – The Metric Act of 1866 becomes law and legalizes the standardization of weights and measures in the United States.source
• 1866September – The Great Tea Race of 1866 ends in London, narrowly won by the clipper ship Taeping.source
• 1866December 18 – The College of Wooster is founded in Ohio.source
• 1866The recommendations of the state Girls' School Committee of 1866 result in a series of progressive reforms in women's rights in Sweden.source
• 1867February 3 – The late Emperor Kōmei's 14-year-old son, Prince Mutsuhito, becomes Emperor Meiji of Japan in a brief ceremony in Kyoto, ending the Late Tokugawa shogunate.source
• 1867February 7 – West Virginia University is established in Morgantown.source
• 1867February 13 – The Covering of the Senne in Brussels begins.source
• 1867February 14 – Augusta Institute is founded in Augusta, Georgia, later known as Morehouse College.source
• 1867February 15 – Johann Strauss II's waltz The Blue Danube (An der schönen blauen Donau) is first performed, at a concert of the Vienna Men's Choral Association. Later this year, Strauss will adapt it into its popular purely orchestral version for the Exposition Universelle in Paris.source
• 1867February 22 – The Indiana Daily Student is established at Indiana University in Bloomington.source
• 1867March – The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign is established (opened one year later).source
• 1867April 28 – I.C. Sorosis, the first women's fraternity (sorority) founded upon the men's fraternity model, with Pi Beta Phi as its motto, is founded at Monmouth College in Monmouth, Illinois. In 1888, the motto becomes the name of the organization.source
• 1867May 1 – The first political May Day march takes place in Chicago.source
• 1867May 11 – Cox and Box, by Francis Burnand and Arthur Sullivan, is first publicly performed, at the Adelphi Theatre, London.source
• 1867July 9 – Queen's Park F.C., the oldest association football league team in Scotland, is founded.source
• 1867July 17 – In Boston, Massachusetts, the Harvard School of Dental Medicine is established as the first dental school in the United States.source
• 1867September 2 – Emperor Meiji of Japan marries Empress Shōken (née Masako Ichijō). The Empress consort is thereafter known as Lady Haruko.source
• 1867September 4 – The Sheffield Wednesday F.C. is founded, at the Adelphi Hotel in Sheffield.source
• 1867September 14 – The first volume of Das Kapital (later translated into English as Capital) is published by Karl Marx.source
• 1867November 2 – The first issue of the women's fashion magazine Harper's Bazaar is published. It is issued weekly, but later monthly.source
• 1867November 21 – American temperance crusader Carrie Nation marries Charles Gloyd.source
• 1867December 2 – In a New York City theater, English author Charles Dickens gives his first public reading in the United States.source
• 1867The Wasps Rugby Football Club is formed in Middlesex, England.source
• 1868February 24 – The first parade to have floats takes place at Mardi Gras in New Orleans.source
• 1868March 23 – The University of California is founded in Oakland, California, when the Organic Act is signed into California law.source
• 1868The first transnational women's organization, Association internationale des femmes, is founded.source
• 1868April 1 – The Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute is established in Hampton, Virginia.source
• 1868September 18 – The University of the South holds its first convocation in Sewanee, Tennessee.source
• 1868December 24 – The Greek Presidential Guard is established as the royal escort by King George I.source
• 1868The Académie Julian, a major art school in Paris, France, that admits women, is established.source
• 1868Maryland School for the Deaf is established.source
• 1869January 5 – Scotland's second oldest professional football team, Kilmarnock F.C., is founded.source
• 1869January 21 – The P.E.O. Sisterhood, a philanthropic educational organization for women, is founded at Iowa Wesleyan College in Mount Pleasant, Iowa.source
• 1869February 20 – Ranavalona II, the Merina Queen of Madagascar, is baptized.source
• 1869February 25 – The Iron and Steel Institute is formed in London.source
• 1869April 6 – The American Museum of Natural History is founded in New York.source
• 1869May 6 – Purdue University is founded in West Lafayette, Indiana.source
• 1869May 15 – Women's suffrage: In New York, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Woman Suffrage Association.source
• 1869May 26 – Boston University is chartered by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.source
• 1869June 1 – The Cincinnati Red Stockings open the baseball season as the first fully professional team.source
• 1869June 2 – Sherwood College is founded in Nainital, India.source
• 1869June 30–July 2 – The first Estonian Song Festival takes place in Tartu.source
• 1869August 27 – The University of Oxford wins the first international boat race held on the River Thames, against Harvard University.source
• 1869September 5 – The foundation stone is laid for Neuschwanstein Castle in Bavaria (southern Germany).source
• 1869September 11 – Work on the Wallace Monument is completed in Stirling, Scotland.source
• 1869October 16 – England's first residential university-level women's college, the College for Women (predecessor of Girton College, Cambridge), is founded at Hitchin, by Emily Davies and Barbara Bodichon.source
• 1869November 4 – The first issue of the scientific journal Nature is published in London, edited by Norman Lockyer.source
• 1869November 6 – The first game of American football between two American colleges is played. Rutgers University defeats Princeton University 6–4, in a forerunner to American football and College football.source
• 1869December 10 – The first American chapter of Kappa Sigma is founded at the University of Virginia.source
• 1869December – Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace is published in complete book form, in Russia.source
• 1869St. Ignatius College Prep in Chicago is founded, and construction on the school's main building began. It is one of only five buildings that survived the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. The building was designed by the Canadian architect Toussaint Menard in the Second Empire architecture style.source
• 1869The Ladies National Association for the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts is founded in Great Britain.source
• 1869New Zealand's first university, the University of Otago, is founded.source
• 1870January 1 – The first edition of The Northern Echo newspaper is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England.source
• 1870February 1 – Goodna State School in Goodna, Queensland, Australia, is founded.source
• 1870February 2 – The Seven Brothers (Seitsemän veljestä), a novel by Finnish author Aleksis Kivi, is published first time in several thin booklets.source
• 1870February 14 – Schoolteacher Seraph Young Ford becomes the first woman to vote under a women’s equal suffrage law in the USA, casting her ballot in the Salt Lake City municipal election.source
• 1870March 5 – The first ever international Association football match, England v Scotland, takes place under the auspices of the Football Association at The Oval, London.source
• 1870March 24 – Syracuse University is established in New York (state) and officially opens.source
• 1870April 13 – The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City is established.source
• 1870April 29 – The Chicago Base Ball Club, later to be known as the Chicago White Stockings and ultimately the Chicago Cubs, play their first game against the St. Louis Unions of the National Association of Base Ball Players, an amateur league.source
• 1870May 12 – The Port Adelaide Football Club is founded.source
• 1870May 14 – The first rugby match is played in New Zealand, between the Nelson Football Club and Nelson College.source
• 1870June 26 – Richard Wagner's opera Die Walküre is first performed at Munich's National Theatre.source
• 1870June 28 – American President Ulysses S. Grant signs an act making the United States Independence Day, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day and New Year's Day federal holidays in the United States.source
• 1870July 14 – The Ems Dispatch is published, serving as casus belli for a war between Prussia and France.source
• 1870September 6 – Louisa Swain of Laramie, Wyoming, becomes the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally since 1807.source
• 1870December 31 – Sir Henry Barkly is appointed Governor of the Cape of Good Hope and High Commissioner for Southern Africa.source
• 1871February 9 – The United States Commission on Fish and Fisheries is founded.source
• 1871February 24 – The Danish Women's Society is founded to promote women's rights in Denmark; on December 15 it adopts the style Dansk Kvindesamfund.source
• 1871March 3 – The first American civil service reform legislation is signed into law by U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant, creating the United States Civil Service Commission.source
• 1871March 21 – John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne marries Princess Louise, a daughter of Queen Victoria, at Windsor; she is the first legitimate daughter of a British monarch to marry a subject since 1515.source
• 1871April 10 – In Brooklyn, New York, P. T. Barnum opens his three-ring circus, hailing it as "The Greatest Show on Earth".source
• 1871April 11 - Funeral of Prince Alexander John of Wales at St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringhamsource
• 1871June 17– The Parsons Sun newspaper in Parsons, Kansas is founded by Milton W. Reynolds and Leslie J. Perry, though the latter left after the first issue was published.source
• 1871June 18 – The Universities Tests Act 1871 removes restrictions which have previously limited access to Oxford, Cambridge and Durham universities to members of the Church of England.source
• 1871July 13 – The first cat show is held at the Crystal Palace of London.source
• 1871July 20 – C. W. Alcock proposes that "a Challenge Cup should be established in connection with the Association", giving birth to the FA Cup for Association football in England.source
• 1871September 25 – West Chester University (Pennsylvania) is charted as West Chester Normal Schoolsource
• 1871December 24 – The opera Aida opens in Cairo, Egypt.source
• 1871December 25 – Reading F.C. is formed as an Association football club in England.source
• 1871December 26 – Thespis, the first of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas, premières in London. It does modestly well, but the two composers will not collaborate again for four years.source
• 1871The Harvard Summer School is founded.source
• 1872February 2 – The government of the United Kingdom buys a number of forts on the Gold Coast, from the Netherlands.source
• 1872February 13 – Rex, the most famous parade on Mardi Gras, parades for the first time in New Orleans for Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia.source
• 1872February 20 – The Metropolitan Museum of Art opens in New York City.source
• 1872March 4 – The Boston Globe is founded in Boston, Massachusetts, as the largest newspaper of the New England region.source
• 1872March 9 – Alfred B. Miller and Elmer Crockett found the South Bend Tribune newspaper in the United States.source
• 1872March 16 – 1872 FA Cup Final: In the first ever final of the FA Cup, the world's oldest football competition, Wanderers F.C. defeat Royal Engineers A.F.C. 1–0 at The Oval in Kennington, London.source
• 1872April 10 – The first Arbor Day is celebrated in Nebraska.source
• 1872May 22 – Georges Bizet's comic opera Djamileh is premièred at the Opéra-Comique in Paris, France.source
• 1872May – Rangers F.C., founded in March as an Association football club in Glasgow (Scotland) by brothers Moses and Peter McNeil, Peter Campbell and William McBeath, play their first ever game on the public pitches of Glasgow Green, a 0 to 0 draw against Callander.source
• 1872June 15 – Thomas Hardy anonymously publishes his novel Under the Greenwood Tree in England.source
• 1872July 4 – Tsukuba University is founded in Japan, as a teacher training college.source
• 1872July 15 – Hochi Mail News, later Hochi Daily News, a Japanese language newspaper, is first published in Tokyo, although it changes coverage from general news to a sports newspaper from December 1949.source
• 1872October 15 – Tongzhi, The 8th Emperor of the Qing dynasty marries Lady Alute (Empress Jiashun)source
• 1872October 16 – University College Wales (later to become Aberystwyth University) begins its first academic session.source
• 1872November 11 – U.S. government geologist Clarence King reveals the diamond hoax in Wyoming.source
• 1872November 16 – The first ever Metropolitan Police strike in London.source
• 1872December 14 – President Ulysses S. Grant establishes the San Carlos Apache Reservation, in southeastern Arizona.source
• 1872Essendon Football Club is founded in Melbourne, Australia.source
• 1872The Kolozsvári Egyetem, predecessor of the University of Szeged, is founded.source
• 1872Summer: Swedish teacher, scholar, folklorist and museum director Artur Hazelius begins the Scandinavian-etnographic collection, which becomes the foundation to the Nordic Museum and Skansen open-air museum in Stockholm.source
• 1873March 15 – The Phi Sigma Kappa student fraternity is founded at the Massachusetts Agricultural College.source
• 1873April 4 – The Kennel Club, the world's first kennel club, is founded in the United Kingdom.source
• 1873May 23 – The Preakness Stakes horse race is run for the first time in Baltimore.source
• 1873May 27 – Classical archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann discovers Priam's Treasure.source
• 1873September 15 – The International Meteorological Organization (IMO) is established.source
• 1873September 17 – The Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, later Ohio State University, opens its doors with 25 students, including 2 women.source
• 1873September 25 – Classes begin at Drury University in Springfield, Missouri.source
• 1873November 18–21 – Irish Home Rule movement: The Home Government Association reconstitutes itself as the Home Rule League.source
• 1873December 19 (December 7 OS) – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's fantasia The Tempest, composed between August and October, is premiered, in Moscow.source
• 1873December 23 – The Woman's Christian Temperance Union is founded, in Hillsboro, Ohio.source
• 1873Royal Montreal Club in Montreal, the first permanent golf club in North America.source
• 1873Toronto Argonauts (football), the oldest professional sports team still playing in North America.source
• 1874January 23 – Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, second son of Queen Victoria, marries Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, only daughter of Tsar Alexander II of Russia, in the Grand Church of the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg.source
• 1874March 18 – The Dresden English Football Club is founded, the first association football club on the European mainland.source
• 1874March – The Young Men's Hebrew Association in Manhattan (which will still be operating 150 years later as the 92nd Street Y) is founded.source
• 1874April 15–May 15 – A group of young painters, Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes, Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs, gives their first exhibition, at the studio of the photographer Nadar in Paris. Louis Leroy's critical review of it published on 25 April gives rise to the term Impressionism for the movement, with reference to Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise.source
• 1874May 9 – The first commercial horse-drawn carriage debuts in the city of Bombay, plying two routes.source
• 1874May 14 – First admission charge at a football game: Harvard beats University of McGill (Montreal) 3–0.source
• 1874May 22 – Verdi's Requiem is first performed at San Marco in Milan, marking the first anniversary of Manzoni's death.source
• 1874July 1 – The Universal Postal Union is established.source
• 1874July 1 – The Philadelphia Zoo opens, the first public zoo in the United States.source
• 1874October 9 – The San Diego Society of Natural History, originator of the San Diego Natural History Museum, is founded in California.source
• 1874October 19 – The modern University of Zagreb is founded.source
• 1874November 2 – The first issue of Japanese-language newspaper Yomiuri Shimbun is published in Tokyo, Japan.source
• 1874November 6 – The University of Adelaide is founded in Australia.source
• 1874November 7 – Harper's Weekly publishes a cartoon by Thomas Nast which is the first use of an elephant as a symbol for the Republican Party in the United States.source
• 1874November 11 – The Gamma Phi Beta sorority is founded at Syracuse University. This is the first women's Greek letter organization to be called a sorority.source
• 1874November 16 – Premiere of Alfred Cellier's comic opera The Sultan of Mocha at the Prince's Theatre, Manchester.source
• 1874December 9 – Passage de Vénus is released as the oldest "film" in history.source
• 1874Heart of Midlothian (in Edinburgh).source
• 1874The following Association football clubs are founded in Great Britain:source
• 1875January 5 – The Palais Garnier, one of the most famous opera houses in the world, is inaugurated as the home of the Paris Opera.source
• 1875January 24 – Camille Saint-Saëns' orchestral Danse macabre receives its première.source
• 1875March 3 – Bizet's Carmen is first performed at the Opéra-Comique, Paris, France, three months before the composer's death.source
• 1875June 4 – Two American colleges play each other in arguably the first game of college football: Tufts University and Harvard University at Jarvis Field in Cambridge, Massachusetts.source
• 1875June 29 – The Artisans' and Labourers' Dwellings Improvement Act 1875 is passed in the United Kingdom, to permit slum clearance.source
• 1875August 6 – Hibernian F.C. is founded by Irishmen in Edinburgh, Scotland.source
• 1875September 24 – The 1864 play Heath Cobblers by Aleksis Kivi is premiered for the first time in Oulu, Finland.source
• 1875September – English Association football team Birmingham City F.C. is founded as Small Heath Alliance in Birmingham by a group of cricketers from Holy Trinity Church, Bordesley, playing its first match in November.source
• 1875October 16 – Brigham Young University is founded in Provo, Utah.source
• 1875October 25 – The first performance of the Piano Concerto No. 1 by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky is given in Boston, Massachusetts, with Hans von Bülow as soloist.source
• 1875October 30 – The Theosophical Society is founded in New York by Helena Blavatsky, Henry Steel Olcott, William Quan Judge, and others.source
• 1875November 5 – Blackburn Rovers F.C. is founded in England by two old-boys of Shrewsbury School following a meeting at the Leger Hotel, Blackburn.source
• 1875November 29 – Dōshisha English School, predecessor of Dōshisha University, is founded in Kyōto, Japan.source
• 1875December 9 – The Massachusetts Rifle Association, America's oldest active gun club, is formed.source
• 1875December 25 – The first Edinburgh derby in Association football is played: Heart of Midlothian F.C. wins 1–0 against Hibernian F.C.source
• 1875The opening of Flushing High School, the oldest public high school in New York City.source
• 1875At Wimbledon, Henry Cavendish Jones convinces the All England Croquet Club to replace a croquet lawn with a lawn tennis court.source
• 1876February 2 – The National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs is formed at a meeting in Chicago; it replaces the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. Morgan Bulkeley of the Hartford Dark Blues is selected as the league's first president.source
• 1876February 22 – Johns Hopkins University is founded in Baltimore, Maryland.source
• 1876February 24 – The first stage production of the verse-play Peer Gynt by Henrik Ibsen premieres, with incidental music by Edvard Grieg, in Christiania (modern-day Oslo), Norway.source
• 1876February–March – The Harvard Lampoon humor magazine is founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts.source
• 1876April 17 – Friends Academy is founded by Gideon Frost at Locust Valley, New York.source
• 1876May 10 – The Centennial Exposition begins in Philadelphia.source
• 1876May 30 – The Ems Ukaz, a secret decree, is issued by Tsar Alexander II of Russia in the German city of Bad Ems, aimed at stopping the printing and distribution of Ukrainian-language publications in the Russian Empire.source
• 1876June 6 – The Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for Idiotic and Feebleminded Persons, later known as the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, is founded when several directors led by Édouard Séguin, inspired by Centennial events, meet to improve the lives of those with disabilities.source
• 1876July 4 – The United States Centennial Exposition is celebrated across the country.source
• 1876August 6 – The first issue of Arabic language newspaper Al-Ahram is published by Saleem and Beshara Takla in Alexandria, Muhammad Ali dynasty (modern-day Egypt).source
• 1876August 13 – A performance of Wagner's Das Rheingold opens the first Ring cycle at the first Bayreuth Festival.source
• 1876August 14 – Prairie View A&M University, at the time named Alta Vista Agriculture & Mechanical College of Texas for Colored Youth, is founded, the first state-supported HBCU in the state of Texas.source
• 1876September 5 – British Prime Minister William Gladstone publishes his Bulgarian Horrors pamphlet.source
• 1876October 6 – The American Library Association is founded in Philadelphia.source
• 1876November 4 – The long-awaited First Symphony of Johannes Brahms has its première at Karlsruhe, under the baton of Otto Dessoff.source
• 1876December 6 – The first cremation in the United States takes place, in a crematory built by Francis Julius LeMoyne at North Franklin Township, Pennsylvania.source
• 1876December 23 – Constantinople Conference opens.source
• 1876December – The first American edition of Mark Twain's The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is published by the American Publishing Company; a British edition has appeared in early June in London with the first review appearing on June 24 in a British magazine.source
• 1876The Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland is founded.source
• 1876Stockport Lacrosse Club, thought to be the oldest existing lacrosse club in the world, is founded at Cale Green Cricket Club in Davenport, near Manchester in England, where they will still be playing in the 21st century.source
• 1877March 4 – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's ballet Swan Lake debuts in Moscow.source
• 1877March 24 – For the only time in history, The Boat Race between the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge is declared a "dead heat" (i.e., a draw).source
• 1877March – The Nineteenth Century magazine is founded in London.source
• 1877April 10 – The first human cannonball act in the British Isles, and perhaps the world, is performed by 17-year-old Rossa Matilda Richter ("Zazel") at the London Royal Aquarium.source
• 1877April 12 – The University of Tokyo is officially established in Japan.source
• 1877May 8–11 – At Gilmore's Gardens in New York City, the first Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show is held.source
• 1877June 15 – Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first African American cadet to graduate from the U.S. Military Academy.source
• 1877July 9–19 – The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club stages the first Wimbledon Championships in lawn tennis. English cricketer Spencer Gore becomes first Wimbledon gentlemen's singles champion (the only event held).source
• 1877November 14 – Henrik Ibsen's first contemporary realist drama The Pillars of Society is premièred at the Odense Teater.source
• 1877November 22 – The first college lacrosse game is played between New York University and Manhattan University.source
• 1877December 16 – The premiere of Bruckner's Symphony No. 3 is given by the Vienna Philharmonic. Many of the audience walk out.source
• 1877December 30 – The premiere of Brahms' Symphony No. 2 is given by the Vienna Philharmonic under the baton of Hans Richter.source
• 1878The Yale News becomes the first daily college newspaper in the U.S.source
• 1878February 23 – Gajanan Maharaj appears at Shegaon, Maharashtra.source
• 1878February 28 – Mississippi State University is created by the Mississippi Legislature (under the name The Agricultural and Mechanical College of the State of Mississippi).source
• 1878March 28 – Electric lights are first used at Westminster Palace.source
• 1878April 20 – The Stawell Gift sprint is run for the first time in Australia.source
• 1878May 1–November 10 – Exposition Universelle, a world's fair, is staged in Paris. In June some parts of the city are first lit by 'Yablochkov candles' (arc lamps) and on June 30 the head of the Statue of Liberty goes on display there.source
• 1878May 25 – Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera H.M.S. Pinafore debuts in London at the Opera Comique, with a first run of 571 performances.source
• 1878June 10 – The League of Prizren is officially founded "to struggle in arms to defend the wholeness of the territories of Albania".source
• 1878June 15 – Eadweard Muybridge produces the first sequence of stop-motion still photographs The Horse in Motion in California (a predecessor of silent film), demonstrating that all four feet of a galloping horse are off the ground at the same time.source
• 1878July 4 – A match race between champion thoroughbred racehorses Ten Broeck and Mollie McCarty draws more than 30,000 fans to Louisville, and inspires the folk song, "Molly and Tenbrooks".source
• 1878September 20 – The Hindu, an Indian newspaper, is founded.source
• 1878The Johns Hopkins University Press, America's oldest university press.source
• 1878Leo Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina is published complete in book form in Moscow.source
• 1878Ipswich Town Football Club, formed as amateur club Ipswich A.F.C. They will not turn professional until 1936.source
• 1878The following English Association football clubs:source
• 1879January 1 – Brahms' Violin Concerto is premiered in Leipzig with Joseph Joachim as soloist and the composer conducting.source
• 1879March 3 – United States Geological Survey is founded.source
• 1879March 25 – Dvořák's Symphony No. 5 in F major, Op. 76, B. 54, is premiered (four years after being written) in Prague with Adolf Čech conducting.source
• 1879May 2 – The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español) is founded clandestinely at the Casa Labra tavern in Madrid, by printer Pablo Iglesias.source
• 1879May 10 – The Archaeological Institute of America (AIA) is formed.source
• 1879August 21 – Claimed apparition to local people at Knock, County Mayo, Ireland, of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Saint Joseph, Saint John the Evangelist and Jesus Christ (as the Lamb of God).source
• 1879September 23 – The Macedo-Romanian Cultural Society is founded.source
• 1879September 26 – Wilhelm Marr founds the Antisemitenliga (League of Antisemites), the first German organization committed specifically to combating the alleged threat to German culture posed by Jews.source
• 1879September – Henry George self-publishes his major work Progress and Poverty.source
• 1879October 1 – University of Nebraska Cornhusker Marching Band is founded in Lincoln, Nebraska. The group will go on to perform the first football halftime show in 1892 and, under Director Donald A. Lentz, invent Band Day.source
• 1879October 13 – The first female students are admitted to study for degrees of the University of Oxford in England, at the new Lady Margaret Hall and Somerville Hall, and with the Society of Oxford Home-Students.source
• 1879October 17 – Sunderland Association Football Club is formed by a group of schoolteachers in northeast England.source
• 1879November – Land is acquired for Simmons College of Kentucky, a historically black school, established as a Baptist institution.source
• 1879December 31 – Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera The Pirates of Penzance opens at the Fifth Avenue Theatre in New York City (following a token performance the day before for U.K. copyright reasons in Paignton, Devon).source
• 1880March 19 – The horse Empress and its jockey, Tommy Beasley, win the 1880 Grand Nationalsource
• 1880March 20 – For the first and last time in its history, the annual side-by-side rowing race between the 8-member teams of University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge on the River Thames is postponed. The call comes because of a thick fog that makes visibility impossible. Two days later, Oxford wins the race by 3+3⁄4 lengths.source
• 1880April 27 – The Royal University of Ireland is founded by charter, allowing the Catholic University of Ireland to re-form as University College Dublin.source
• 1880October 6 – The University of Southern California opens its doors to 53 students and 10 faculty.source
• 1880October 28 – The first stone is laid for the Clarkson Memorial in Wisbech, England.source
• 1880November 22 – Vaudeville actress Lillian Russell makes her debut at Tony Pastor's Theatre, in New York City.source
• 1880The Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction, of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, is established in the United States.source
• 1881February 13 – The first issue of the feminist newspaper La Citoyenne is published by Hubertine Auclert in Paris.source
• 1881March 31 – Edward Rudolf founds the 'Church of England Central Society for Providing Homes for Waifs and Strays' (later The Children's Society).source
• 1881April 11 – Spelman College is established in Atlanta, Georgia.source
• 1881April 21 – The University of Connecticut is founded as the Storrs Agricultural School.source
• 1881April 25 – Caulfield Grammar School is founded in Melbourne, Australia.source
• 1881May 21 – The American Red Cross is established by Clara Barton.source
• 1881May 21 – The United States Tennis Association is established by a small group of tennis club members; the first U.S. Tennis Championships are played this year.source
• 1881May 22 (May 10 Old Style) – Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen is crowned King of Romania.source
• 1881July 4 – Tuskegee Institute opens in Alabama.source
• 1881July 7 – The first episode of Carlo Collodi's The Adventures of Pinocchio is published in Italy.source
• 1881July 14–20 – The London Social Revolutionary Congress is held; delegates include Marie Le Compte, Peter Kropotkin, Errico Malatesta, Saverio Merlino, Louise Michel, Nikolai Tchaikovsky and Émile Gautier.source
• 1881September 12 – Francis Howell High School (Howell Institute) in St. Charles, Missouri, and Stephen F. Austin High School in Austin, Texas, open on the same day, putting them in a tie for the title of the oldest public high school west of the Mississippi River.source
• 1881October 29 – The satirical magazine Judge is first published in the United States.source
• 1881November 9 – Brahms' Piano Concerto No. 2 premieres in Budapest with the composer as soloist.source
• 1881November 11 – The Clarkson Memorial to an anti-slavery campaigner in Wisbech (England) is completed and unveiled to the public.source
• 1881November – Newcastle United F.C. is founded in the northeast of England as Stanley F.C., with a further name change to Newcastle East End F.C. the following year.source
• 1881Meiji Law School, predecessor of Meiji University, is founded in Yurakucho, Tokyo, Japan.source
• 1881Culford School, a public school in Suffolk, England, is founded as the East Anglian School for Boys.source
• 1881The Vocational and Technical College of Tokyo, later Tokyo Institute of Technology, is founded in Japan.source
• 1881Leyton Orient F.C. is founded in London.source
• 1881Tokyo Law College, predecessor of Hosei University, is founded in Japan.source
• 1882February 3 – American showman P. T. Barnum acquires the elephant Jumbo from the London Zoo.source
• 1882March 28 – Republican Jules Ferry makes primary education in France free, non-clerical (laique) and obligatory.source
• 1882May 18 – Burnley F.C. in Northern England changes codes, from rugby football to association football.source
• 1882Ferdinand von Lindemann publishes his proof of the transcendentality of pi.source
• 1882July 26 – Richard Wagner's opera Parsifal debuts, at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus in Bavaria.source
• 1882August 20 – Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture debuts in Moscow.source
• 1882September 5 – Tottenham Hotspur F.C. is founded (as Hotspur F.C.) in London.source
• 1882September 13 – Selwyn College, Cambridge, is founded after Queen Victoria grants a Charter of Incorporation.source
• 1882October 5 – The Society for Ethical Culture of Chicago (the modern-day Ethical Humanist Society of Chicago) is founded by Felix Adler.source
• 1882October 14 – The University of the Punjab at Lahore (British India), is founded in modern-day Pakistan.source
• 1882October 21 – Waseda University is founded by Shigenobu Ōkuma in Japan as Tokyo Specializing School.source
• 1882Christchurch Rangers, the earliest predecessor of Queens Park Rangers F.C., in London;source
• 1882Founding of the following sports clubs:source
• 1882Thames Ditton Lawn Tennis Club, the oldest lawn tennis club still on its original site, in the outer London suburbs;source
• 1883February 16 – The Ladies' Home Journal is published for the first time, in the United States.source
• 1883February 28 – The first vaudeville theater is opened, in Boston, Massachusetts.source
• 1883February – The Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi is first published complete in book form, in Italy.source
• 1883March 9 – Demonstration of 9 March 1883 : Parisian anarchists, unemployed and carpenters narrowly miss the Presidential palace during a violent protest; first use of the black flag as a symbol of anarchism by Louise Michel.source
• 1883April 28 – The first rugby sevens tournament is played at Melrose RFC in Scotland.source
• 1883May 23 – Robert Louis Stevenson's children's pirate adventure novel Treasure Island is first published in book format, in London.source
• 1883June 30 – Robert Louis Stevenson's novel The Black Arrow first appears as a serial in the British magazine Young Folks; A Boys' and Girls' Paper of Instructive and Entertaining Literature as by 'Captain George North'. Stevenson completes writing it at the end of the summer in France.source
• 1883August 29 – Dunfermline Carnegie Library, the first Carnegie library, is opened in Andrew Carnegie's hometown, Dunfermline, Scotland.source
• 1883August – King William's College is opened on the Isle of Man.source
• 1883September 15 – The Bombay Natural History Society is founded in India.source
• 1883September 15 – The University of Texas at Austin opens to students.source
• 1883October 1 – Sydney Boys High School is founded in Sydney, Australia, the country's first state high school.source
• 1883October 4 – The Boys' Brigade (the first uniformed youth organization in existence) is founded in Glasgow, Scotland.source
• 1883October 24 – Cardiff University, Wales, opens (under the name of University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire).source
• 1883November 14 – Chile's National Library of Congress is founded.source
• 1883November 28 – Whitman College is chartered as a 4-year college in Walla Walla, Washington.source
• 1883December 1 – Battleford Industrial School, the first government-operated Indian residential school opens in Canada.source
• 1883December 26 – The Harbour Grace Affray takes place in Harbour Grace, Colony of Newfoundland.source
• 1883The first purebred Percheron (horse) stud book is created in France.source
• 1884January 4 – The Fabian Society is founded in London to promote gradualist social progress.source
• 1884January 5 – Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera Princess Ida, a satire on feminism, premières at the Savoy Theatre, London.source
• 1884January 18 – William Price attempts to cremate his dead baby son, Iesu Grist, in Wales. Later tried and acquitted on the grounds that cremation is not contrary to English law, he is thus able to carry out the ceremony (the first in the United Kingdom in modern times) on March 14, setting a legal precedent.source
• 1884February 1 – A New English Dictionary on historical principles, part 1 (edited by James A. H. Murray), the first fascicle of what will become The Oxford English Dictionary, is published in England.source
• 1884February 5 – Derby County Football Club is founded in England.source
• 1884June 4 (N.S.) (May 23 O.S.) – The future flag of Estonia is consecrated as the flag of the Estonian Students' Society.source
• 1884June 28 – The Norwegian Association for Women's Rights (Norsk Kvinnesaksforening) is founded. Also this year, the Fredrika Bremer Association (Fredrika Bremer Förbundet) is founded in Sweden for the same purpose.source
• 1884July 23 – The first tennis tournaments, held in the grounds of Shrubland Hall, Leamington Spa, England, are recorded in today's Courier.source
• 1884September 5 – Staten Island Academy is founded.source
• 1884October 6 – The United States Naval War College is established in Newport, Rhode Island.source
• 1884October 18 – The University College of North Wales, Bangor, is founded in the UK.source
• 1884October 22 – The "Nine Graces", nine women who are the first to be awarded degrees from the Royal University of Ireland, become the first women in the United Kingdom to be awarded degrees. They include Alice Oldham, Isabella Mulvany and Charlotte M. Taylor.source
• 1884October 30 – Hosay massacre in Trinidad: British colonial authorities fire on Indian indentured labourers marking a religious festival, killing at least 9.source
• 1884November 1 – Leicester City F.C. play their first match, as Leicester Fosse Football Club, in England.source
• 1884November 1 – The Irish Gaelic Athletic Association is founded in Thurles, Ireland.source
• 1884December 6 – The Third Reform Act widens the adult male electorate in the United Kingdom to around 60%.source
• 1884December 6 – The Washington Monument is completed in Washington, D.C., becoming the tallest structure in the world at this date.source
• 1884December 10 – Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is first published, in London.source
• 1884December 30 – Anton Bruckner's Symphony No. 7 is premiered in Leipzig, bringing the composer his first great success.source
• 1884Police training schools are established in every prefecture in Japan.source
• 1885February 20 – The Richmond Football Club is officially formed at the Royal Hotel in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond, Victoria.source
• 1885February 21 – United States President Chester A. Arthur dedicates the Washington Monument.source
• 1885March 14 – Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera The Mikado opens, at the Savoy Theatre in London.source
• 1885March 26 – First legal cremation in England: widowed painter Jeanette Pickersgill of London, "well known in literary and scientific circles", is cremated by the Cremation Society at Woking, Surrey.source
• 1885April 11 – Luton Town Football Club is created by the merger of (Luton) Wanderers F.C. and Luton Excelsior F.C. in England.source
• 1885April 22 – Dvořák's Symphony No. 7 is premiered at St James's Hall in London with the composer himself conducting.source
• 1885May 2 – Good Housekeeping magazine goes on sale for the first time in the United States.source
• 1885June 2 – Dunfermline Athletic F.C. is officially formed at the Old Inn, Dunfermline, Scotland.source
• 1885September 8 – Saint Thomas Academy is founded in Minnesota.source
• 1885September 12 – Arbroath F.C. defeats Bon Accord F.C. in Scotland, 36-0, the highest score ever in professional football.source
• 1885October 3 – Millwall F.C. is founded by workers on the Isle of Dogs in London, as Millwall Rovers.source
• 1885October 13 – The Georgia Institute of Technology is established in Atlanta as the Georgia School of Technology.source
• 1885October 25 – Brahms's Symphony No. 4 is premiered in Meiningen, Germany, with the composer himself conducting.source
• 1885Chuo Law College, as predecessor of Chuo University, founded in Kanda, Tokyo, Japan.source
• 1885The Home Insurance Building in Chicago, designed by William Le Baron Jenney, is completed. With ten floors and a fireproof weight-bearing metal frame, it is regarded as the first skyscraper.source
• 1885John Ormsby publishes his new English translation of Don Quixote, acclaimed as the most scholarly made up to that time. It will remain in print through the 20th century.source
• 1885Camp Dudley, the oldest continually running boys' camp in the United States, is founded.source
• 1886January 5–9 – Robert Louis Stevenson's novella Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is published in New York and London.source
• 1886January 18 – Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England.source
• 1886February 11 – The Anti-Chinese League of the City of Napa is formed.source
• 1886March 23 – Tchaikovsky’s Manfred symphony premieres in Moscow, Russia.source
• 1886April – The Swedish Dress Reform Society is established.source
• 1886May 1 – A general strike begins in the United States, which escalates on May 4 into the Haymarket affair in Chicago, and eventually wins the eight-hour day for workers.source
• 1886May 17 – Motherwell Football Club is founded in Scotland.source
• 1886June 2 – U.S. President Grover Cleveland marries Frances Folsom in the White House (Washington, D.C.), becoming the only President of the United States to wed in the executive mansion. She is 27 years his junior.source
• 1886June 25 – Arturo Toscanini makes his conducting debut, with an Italian opera company visiting Rio de Janeiro.source
• 1886June 30 – The Royal Holloway College for women is opened by Queen Victoria, near London, England.source
• 1886September 1 – Grasshopper Club Zürich is founded as the first football club in the Swiss city of Zürich by English students.source
• 1886November 1 – The biggest Buddhist boys' school in Sri Lanka, Ananda College, is founded in Colombo.source
• 1886November 3 – In the British Raj, what will become one of the biggest boys' schools in Pakistan, Aitchison College, Lahore, is founded under the auspices of Sir Charles Umpherston Aitchison.source
• 1886November 30 – The Folies Bergère stages its first revue in Paris.source
• 1886December 11 – London Association football club Arsenal, founded as Dial Square by workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich, play their first match (on the Isle of Dogs). The club is renamed Royal Arsenal soon afterwards, supposedly on December 25.source
• 1886Bedford Rugby Club is formed in England.source
• 1886Emily Ruete publishes her landmark memoir, Memoirs of an Arabian Princess: An Autobiography.source
• 1887January 21 – The Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) is formed in the United States.source
• 1887February 5 – The Giuseppe Verdi opera Otello premieres at La Scala, Milan.source
• 1887March 7 – North Carolina State University is established, as North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.source
• 1887April 1 – The final of the first All-Ireland Hurling Championship is held.source
• 1887April 4 – Argonia, Kansas, elects Susanna M. Salter as the first female mayor in the United States.source
• 1887April 10 (Easter Sunday) – The Catholic University of America is founded in Washington, D.C.source
• 1887April 20 – Occidental College is founded in Los Angeles, California.source
• 1887May 5 – Ricardo Palma founds the Peruvian Academy of Language.source
• 1887May 14 – The cornerstone of the new Stanford University, in northern California, is laid (the college opens in 1891).source
• 1887June 20 – The British Empire celebrates Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee, marking the 50th year of her reign.source
• 1887June 29 – The United Retail Federation is established in Brisbane, Australia.source
• 1887July 12 – Odense Boldklub, the Danish football team, is founded as the Odense Cricket Club.source
• 1887July 26 – L. L. Zamenhof publishes "Unua Libro" (Dr. Esperanto's International Language), the first description of Esperanto, the constructed international auxiliary language.source
• 1887July 26 – Blackpool F.C. is created in England, U.K.source
• 1887August 13 – Hibernian F.C. of Scotland defeats Preston North End F.C. of England to win the 'Championship of the World', after the two teams win the Association football Cup competitions in their respective countries.source
• 1887October 3 – Florida A&M University opens in Tallahassee, Florida.source
• 1887October 18 – Johannes Brahms conducts the premiere of his Double Concerto, composed for violinist Joseph Joachim and cellist Robert Hausmann.source
• 1887November 3 – The Coimbra Academic Association, the students' union of the University of Coimbra in Portugal, is founded.source
• 1887November 6 – The Association football club Celtic F.C. is formed in Glasgow, Scotland, by Irish Marist Brother Walfrid, to help alleviate poverty in the city's East End by raising money for his charity, the 'Poor Children's Dinner Table'.source
• 1887Arthur Conan Doyle's detective character Sherlock Holmes makes his first appearance, in the novel A Study in Scarlet, published in Beeton's Christmas Annual.source
• 1887December 4 – Örgryte IS, the Swedish football team is founded by Wilhelm Friberg.source
• 1887December 5 – The International Bureau of Intellectual Property is established.source
• 1887The first English-language edition of Friedrich Engels' 1844 study of The Condition of the Working Class in England, translated by Florence Kelley, is published in New York City.source
• 1887Teachers College, later part of Columbia University, is founded.source
• 1888January 13 – The National Geographic Society is founded in Washington, D.C.source
• 1888January 21 – The Amateur Athletic Union is founded by William Buckingham Curtis in the United States.source
• 1888March 8 – The Agriculture College of Utah (later Utah State University) is founded in Logan, Utah.source
• 1888March 16 – The foundation stone for a new National Library of Greece is laid in Athens.source
• 1888March 23 – A meeting called by William McGregor to discuss establishment of The Football League is held in London.source
• 1888April 6 – The first New Year's Day is observed, of the solar calendar adopted by Siamese King Chulalongkorn, with the 106th anniversary of Bangkok's founding in 1782 as its epoch (reference date).source
• 1888April 18 – Westminster School is founded in Simsbury, Connecticut.source
• 1888May 8 – The International Exhibition of Science, Art and Industry in Kelvingrove Park, Glasgow opens (continues to November).source
• 1888May 26 – The comic novel The Diary of a Nobody by brothers George and Weedon Grossmith begins serialization in Punch (London).source
• 1888May 28 – In Glasgow (Scotland), Celtic F.C. plays its first official match, winning 5–2 against Rangers F.C.source
• 1888June 3 – American writer Ernest Thayer's baseball poem "Casey at the Bat" is first published (under the pen name "Phin") as the last of his humorous contributions to The San Francisco Examiner.source
• 1888June 19 – In Chicago, the Republican Convention opens at the Auditorium Building. Benjamin Harrison and Levi P. Morton win the nominations for President and Vice President of the United States, respectively.source
• 1888June 29 – Handel's Israel in Egypt is recorded onto wax cylinder at The Crystal Palace in London, the earliest known recording of classical music.source
• 1888June 30 – The Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom opens its laboratory, on Plymouth Hoe.source
• 1888July 2–27 – London matchgirls strike of 1888: About 200 workers, mainly teenaged girls, strike following the dismissal of three colleagues from the Bryant and May match factory, precipitated by an article on their working conditions published on June 23 by campaigning journalist Annie Besant, and the workers unionise on July 27.source
• 1888July 25 – Frank E. McGurrin, a court stenographer from Salt Lake City, Utah, purportedly the only person using touch typing at this time, wins a decisive victory over Louis Traub in a typing contest held in Cincinnati, Ohio. This date can be called the birthday of the touch typing method that is widely used in modern times.source
• 1888September 8 – In England, the first six Football League matches are played.source
• 1888September 17 – Las Cruces College (later New Mexico State University) is founded in Las Cruces, New Mexico.source
• 1888October 1 – Sofia University officially opens, becoming the first university in liberated Bulgaria.source
• 1888October 25 – St Cuthbert's Society at the University of Durham in England is founded, after a general meeting chaired by the Reverend Hastings Rashdall.source
• 1888November 27 – International sorority Delta Delta Delta is founded at Boston University in the United States.source
• 1888November 29 – The celebration of Thanksgiving (United States) and the first day of Hanukkah coincide.source
• 1888December 17 – The Lyric Theatre, London opens.source
• 1888The Finnish epic Kalevala is published for the first time in the English language, by American linguist John Martin Crawford.source
• 1889January 22 – Columbia Phonograph is formed in Washington, D.C.source
• 1889February 15 – The first issue of the Filipino liberal newspaper La Solidaridad is published in Spain.source
• 1889February 17 – The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds is founded in Manchester (England), originally known as "The Plumage League" to campaign against the use of plumage in women's clothing.source
• 1889March 11 – The North Carolina Legislature issues a charter for the creation of Elon College.source
• 1889March 22 – English Association football team Sheffield United F.C. is formed at the Adelphi Hotel, Sheffield. They play their first match on September 7.source
• 1889March 30 – Preston North End F.C. win the 1889 FA Cup final in England. Having on January 5 won the first Football League title with no defeats all season, they complete the double in Association football.source
• 1889April 10 – The Hammarby Roddförening (later Hammarby IF) sports club is founded in Sweden.source
• 1889July 8 – The first issue of The Wall Street Journal is published in New York City.source
• 1889July 8 – The last official bare-knuckle boxing title fight is held (under London Prize Ring Rules): Heavyweight Champion John L. Sullivan, the Boston Strong Boy, defeats Jake Kilrain in a world championship bout, lasting 75 rounds, in Mississippi.source
• 1889July 14 – International Workers Congresses of Paris open, and establish the Second International.source
• 1889July 31 – Louise, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom, marries Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife, at Buckingham Palace in London.source
• 1889September 10 – Albert Honoré Charles Grimaldi becomes Albert I, Prince of Monaco.source
• 1889September 17 – American Civil War veteran Charles Jefferson Wright founds New York Military Academy, with 75 students on 30 acre m2 of land in Cornwall, New York.source
• 1889November 20 – Gustav Mahler premieres his Symphony No. 1, in Budapest.source
• 1889November 27 – Clemson University is founded in Clemson, South Carolina.source
• 1889December 14 – In U.S. college football, Wofford and Furman play the first intercollegiate football game in the state of South Carolina, starting the Furman–Wofford football rivalry.source
• 1889December 23 – The Spanish Association football team Recreativo de Huelva is formed (the oldest club in Spain by the 21st century).source
• 1890January 15 – Ballet The Sleeping Beauty, with music by Tchaikovsky, is premiered at the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre in St. Petersburg, Russia.source
• 1890January 25 – The United Mine Workers of America is founded.source
• 1890February 18 – The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) is founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony.source
• 1890February 24 – Chicago is selected to host the World's Columbian Exposition.source
• 1890March 3 – The first American football game in Ohio State University history is played in Delaware, Ohio, against Ohio Wesleyansource
• 1890March 8 – North Dakota State University is founded in Fargo.source
• 1890March 27 – Preston North End retain the English Football League Championship, winning their final game at Notts Countysource
• 1890March 28 – Washington State University is founded in Pullman.source
• 1890April 14 – At the First International Conference of American States, in Washington D.C., The Commercial Bureau of the American Republics is founded.source
• 1890May 1 – A coordinated series of mass rallies and one-day strikes is held throughout many cities and mining towns in Europe and North America, to demand an eight-hour workday.source
• 1890May 12 – The first ever official English County Championship cricket match begins in Bristol; Yorkshire beats Gloucestershire, by eight wickets.source
• 1890June 20 – The Picture of Dorian Gray (by Oscar Wilde) is published by Philadelphia-based Lippincott's Monthly Magazine (dated July).source
• 1890July 1 – The Ouija board is first released by Elijah Bond.source
• 1890September 6 – Dublin association football club Bohemian F.C. is founded in the Gate Lodge, Phoenix Park.source
• 1890September 12 – Salisbury, Rhodesia, is founded.source
• 1890September 19 – The University of North Texas is founded, as the Texas Normal College and Teacher Training Institute.source
• 1890October 12 – The Uddevalla Suffrage Association is founded in Sweden, with a formal founding event on November 2 a month later.source
• 1890October 13 – The Delta Chi fraternity is founded by 11 law students at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.source
• 1890December 24 – The Oklahoma territorial legislature establishes three institutions of higher learning University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma State University, and University of Central Oklahoma.source
• 1890American geostrategist Alfred Thayer Mahan publishes his influential book The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660–1783.source
• 1891January 5 – The Australian shearers' strike, that leads indirectly to the foundation of the Australian Labor Party, begins.source
• 1891January 9 – The great shoe strike in Rochester, New York is called off.source
• 1891February 15 – Allmänna Idrottsklubben (AIK) sports club is founded in Stockholm, Sweden.source
• 1891March 12 – Djurgårdens IF (DIF) sports club is founded in Stockholm.source
• 1891April 1 – The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago.source
• 1891April 12 – The first official game in the Association football league of Argentina (1891 Argentine Primera División) is held in Caballito, Buenos Aires.source
• 1891May 5 – The Music Hall in New York (later known as Carnegie Hall) has its grand opening and first public performance, with Tchaikovsky as guest conductor.source
• 1891October 1 – Skansen is established as the world's first open-air museum by Artur Hazelius, on the island of Djurgården in Stockholm, Sweden.source
• 1891October 1 – Stanford University in California opens its doors.source
• 1891Seattle University is established as the Immaculate Conception school.source
• 1891New Mexico Military Institute is founded (as Goss Military Institute) in Roswell, New Mexico Territory.source
• 1891James Naismith invents basketball in the United States.source
• 1892March 11 – The first basketball game is played in public, between students and faculty at the Springfield, Massachusetts, YMCA before 200 spectators. The final score is 5–1 in favor of the students, with the only goal for the faculty being scored by Amos Alonzo Stagg.source
• 1892March 15 – The Liverpool Football Club is founded in England by John Houlding, the owner of Anfield; Houlding decides to form his own team after Everton leaves Anfield, in an argument over rent.source
• 1892March 18 – Sir Frederick Stanley, Governor General of Canada, announces his intention to donate the Stanley Cup for ice hockey.source
• 1892March 20 – The first ever French rugby championship final takes place in Paris. Pierre de Coubertin referees the match, which Racing Club de France wins 4–3 over Stade Français.source
• 1892May 24 – Prince George (later George V of the United Kingdom) becomes Duke of York.source
• 1892June 3 – Liverpool Football Club officially comes into existencesource
• 1892June 11 – The Limelight Department, later one of the world's first film studios, is officially established in Melbourne, Australia.source
• 1892July 13 – The United International Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual Property (UIBPIP or BIRPI) is established in Bern, Switzerland.source
• 1892July 25 – The Community of the Resurrection, an Anglican religious community for men, is founded by Charles Gore and Walter Frere, initially in Oxford.source
• 1892August 15 – Valparaíso, Chile founds its first football team, Santiago Wanderers.source
• 1892September – Women are first admitted to Yale University's graduate school.source
• 1892October 1 – The University of Chicago holds its first classes.source
• 1892October 12 – To mark the 400th anniversary Columbus Day holiday, the "Pledge of Allegiance" is first recited in unison by students in U.S. public schools.source
• 1892October 31 – The first collection of Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories from The Strand Magazine, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, is published in London.source
• 1892November 2 – The first football club in Bohemia, Slavia Praha is established, originally under name of Akademický cyklistický odbor Slavia (A.C.O.S.), focusing on cycling.source
• 1892November 8 – The four-day New Orleans General Strike begins.source
• 1892December 9 – The Newcastle East End F.C. is renamed Newcastle United F.C., following the demise of the Newcastle West End F.C. and East End's move to St James' Park, formerly West End's home, in the north east of England.source
• 1892December 17 – First issue of Vogue is published in the United States.source
• 1892December 18 – The Nutcracker ballet, with music by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, is premiered at the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre in Saint Petersburg, Russia.source
• 1892A 50-year-old tortoise called Timothy, previously serving as a naval mascot, is brought to the estate of Powderham Castle in England, where she lives until her death in 2004.source
• 1893February 1 – Thomas Edison finishes construction of the first motion picture studio in West Orange, New Jersey.source
• 1893February 24 – The American University is established by an Act of Congress, in Washington, D.C.source
• 1893April 8 – The first recorded college basketball game occurs in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, between the Geneva College Covenanters and the New Brighton YMCA.source
• 1893April 17 – Belgian general strike of 1893: Riots erupt in Mons; the day after, the Belgian Parliament approves universal male suffrage.source
• 1893April 17 – The Alpha Xi Delta Sorority is founded at Lombard College in Galesburg, Illinois.source
• 1893May 1 – The 1893 World's Fair, also known as the World's Columbian Exposition, opens to the public in Chicago, Illinois. The first United States commemorative postage stamps are issued for the event.source
• 1893May 23 – Gandhi arrives in South Africa, where he will live until 1914, lead non-violent protests on behalf of Indian immigrants in the South African Republic (Transvaal), and develop a deeper experience of such activities.source
• 1893June 4 – The Anti-Saloon League is incorporated, originally as a state organization, in Oberlin, Ohio. On December 18, 1895, it becomes a nationwide organization. The same year, the American Council on Alcohol Problems is established, along with the Committee of Fifty for the Study of the Liquor Problem.source
• 1893June 6 – Wedding of Prince George, Duke of York, and Princess Mary of Teck: the future King George V of the United Kingdom marries at St James's Palace in London.source
• 1893June 29 – Unveiling of the Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain at Piccadilly Circus in London with its statue of Anteros.source
• 1893July 13 – Scottish Association football club Dundee F.C. is formed.source
• 1893September 7 – Genoa Cricket & Athletic Club, the oldest Italian Association football club, is formed.source
• 1893September 11 – The World Parliament of Religions opens as an adjunct to the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago; Bengali Hindu monk Swami Vivekananda receives a standing ovation for his address in response to his welcoming.source
• 1893September 12 – American Temperance University begins classes in Harriman, Tennessee (it closes after 15 years, in May 1908).source
• 1893September 28 – The Portuguese sports club Futebol Clube do Porto is founded.source
• 1893October 13 – The first students enter St Hilda's College, Oxford, England, founded for women by Dorothea Beale.source
• 1893October 28 (October 16 O.S.) – In Saint Petersburg (Russia), Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky conducts the first performance of his Symphony No. 6 in B minor, Pathétique, nine days before his death.source
• 1893November 15 – FC Basel Association football club is founded in Switzerland.source
• 1893November 16 – Athletic club Královské Vinohrady, later Sparta Prague, is founded.source
• 1893December 16 – Antonín Dvořák's Symphony No. 9 (From the New World) receives its premiere at Carnegie Hall, New York City, conducted by the composer, to immediate acclaim.source
• 1893Booker T. Washington High School (Houston) is founded as "Colored High", the first African-American high school in Houston, Texas.source
• 1893A 16th century Ardabil Carpet from Persia enters the collection of the South Kensington Museum in London.source
• 1894March 25 – Coxey's Army (of the unemployed), the first significant protest march in the United States, departs from Massillon, Ohio, for Washington, D.C.source
• 1894April 16 – Manchester City Football Club is formed in north-west England under this name.source
• 1894May 1 – In protests by the unemployed in the United States:source
• 1894June 23 – The International Olympic Committee is founded at the Sorbonne, Paris, at the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin.source
• 1894July 4 – The football club FC La Chaux-de-Fonds is founded in Switzerland.source
• 1894September 4 – In New York City, 12,000 tailors strike against sweatshop working conditions.source
• 1894September 10 – Richard Strauss marries Pauline De Ahna.source
• 1894November 1 – Emperor Alexander III of Russia is succeeded by his son, Nicholas II.source
• 1894November 1 – The first issue of Billboard magazine is published in Cincinnati, Ohio by William Donaldson and James Hennegan. Initially, it covers the advertising and bill posting industry, and is at the time known as Billboard Advertising.source
• 1894November 26 – Wedding of Nicholas II of Russia and Alix of Hesse in the Grand Church of the Winter Palace at Saint Petersburg.source
• 1894December 6 – Kate Chopin's feminist short story "The Story of an Hour" is first published, in the American magazine Vogue.source
• 1894The Society of Beaux-Arts Architects is founded in the United States.source
• 1894Edward B. Marks and Joe Stern publish the waltz The Little Lost Child in the United States, promoting the playing of the waltz with slides projected by a magic lantern, the earliest version of music video known as the illustrated song.source
• 1894The Liga Femeilor Române, the first women's organisation in Romania, is founded.source
• 1895January 12 – Britain's National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty is founded by Octavia Hill, Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley.source
• 1895June 5 – The Liberal Revolution begins in Ecuador, making the civil war more intense in the country.source
• 1895July 15 – Archie MacLaren scores an English County Championship cricket record innings of 424 for Lancashire, against Somerset, at Taunton. This record lasts until 1994.source
• 1895July – Oldham Athletic A.F.C. is founded in England.source
• 1895August 7 – The Aljaž Tower, a symbol of the Slovenes, is erected on Mount Triglav.source
• 1895August 10 – The first ever indoor promenade concert, origin of The Proms, is held at the Queen's Hall in London, opening a series conducted by Henry Wood.source
• 1895August 29 – The Northern Rugby Football Union (the modern-day Rugby Football League) is formed at a meeting of 21 rugby clubs at the George Hotel, Huddersfield, in the north of England, leading to the creation of the professional sport of rugby league football.source
• 1895September 7 – The first game of what will become known as rugby league football is played in England, starting the 1895–96 Northern Rugby Football Union season.source
• 1895September – Shelbourne F.C. is founded in Dublin, Ireland.source
• 1895October 2 – Peiyang University, predecessor of Tianjin University, is founded as an institution of higher education in Qing dynasty China.source
• 1895October 10 – The London School of Economics holds its first classes in London, England.source
• 1895November 17 – Flamengo, a well known professional football club in Brazil, is officially founded.source
• 1895November 25 – Oscar Hammerstein opens the Olympia Theatre, the first theatre to be built in New York City's Times Square district.source
• 1895November 27 – At the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris, Alfred Nobel signs his last will and testament, setting aside his estate to establish the Nobel Prize after his death.source
• 1895November 28 – Chicago Times-Herald race: The first American automobile race in history is sponsored by the Chicago Times-Herald. Press coverage first arouses significant American interest in the automobile.source
• 1895December 13 – The first complete performance of Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 2 is given, with the Berlin Philharmonic orchestra conducted by the composer.source
• 1895December 24 – George Washington Vanderbilt II officially opens his Biltmore Estate, inviting his family and guests to celebrate his new home in Asheville, North Carolina.source
• 1895December 28 – Auguste and Louis Lumière make what is probably the first commercial public screening of projected moving picture films to a paying audience, at the Salon Indien du Grand Café in Paris.source
• 1895The first sample fair (Mustermesse) is held at Leipzig, Germany.source
• 1895The first Boxer dog club is established in Germany.source
• 1896January 7 – American culinary expert Fannie Farmer publishes her first cookbook.source
• 1896January 16 – Devonport High School for Boys is founded in Plymouth (England).source
• 1896February 1 – Giacomo Puccini's opera La bohème premieres in Turin, Italy.source
• 1896February 11 – Oscar Wilde's play Salomé (1891) has its stage premiere (while Wilde is in prison) in its original French in Paris.source
• 1896March 3 – Publication begins for Der Eigene, the world's first magazine with an orientation to male homosexuality, by Adolf Brand in Berlin.source
• 1896March 19 – Dvořák's Cello Concerto premieres, in London.source
• 1896April 4 – The first known women's basketball game between two colleges is played between Stanford and California.source
• 1896April 6 – The opening ceremonies of the 1896 Summer Olympics, the first modern Olympic Games, are held in Athens, Greece.source
• 1896April 9 – The National Farm School (later Delaware Valley College) is chartered in Doylestown, Pennsylvania.source
• 1896April 23 – Blackpool Pleasure Beach, a popular English theme park ("Britain's Biggest Tourist Attraction"), is founded by Alderman William George Bean.source
• 1896May 8 – Cricket: Against Warwickshire, Yorkshire sets a still-standing County Championship record in England, when they accumulate an innings total of 887.source
• 1896July 9 – William Jennings Bryan delivers his Cross of Gold speech at the Democratic National Convention, which nominates him for president of the United States.source
• 1896September 2 – Clarkson University holds its first classes, with 17 students attending in Potsdam, New York.source
• 1896September 22 – Queen Victoria surpasses her grandfather King George III as the longest-reigning monarch in British history up to this time.source
• 1896October 2 – The Victorian Football League is established as Australian rules football in Australia (a predecessor of the Australian Football League).source
• 1896October 30 – The Augusta High School cornerstone is laid in Augusta, Kentucky, marking the end of the Augusta Methodist College.source
• 1896November 27 – Richard Strauss's orchestral tone poem Also sprach Zarathustra is first performed, in Frankfurt, conducted by the composer.source
• 1896November 30 – Udinese Calcio Association football club is founded in Udine, Italy.source
• 1896December 10 – The premiere of Alfred Jarry's absurdist play Ubu Roi in Paris causes a near-riot.source
• 1896December 25 – John Philip Sousa composes The Stars and Stripes Forever which will become the national march of the United States.source
• 1896Racing Club de Lyon, a football club in France, is officially founded and becomes a predecessor of Olympique Lyonnais.source
• 1897January 2 – The International Alpha Omicron Pi sorority is founded, in New York City.source
• 1897January 8 – Lady Flora Shaw, future wife of Governor General Lord Lugard, officially proposes the name "Nigeria" in a newspaper contest, to be given to the British Niger Coast Protectorate.source
• 1897January 31 – The Czechoslovak Trade Union Association is founded in Prague.source
• 1897February 26 – The Sigma Pi fraternity is founded in Vincennes, Indiana.source
• 1897March 13 – San Diego State University is founded.source
• 1897May 14 – The Stars and Stripes Forever, an American patriotic march by John Philip Sousa, is performed for the first time.source
• 1897May 14 – (or May 15) – The Scientific-Humanitarian Committee (Wissenschaftlich-humanitäres Komitee, WhK) is founded in Berlin as an LGBT campaigning organization, the first such in history.source
• 1897May 26 – Irish-born theatrical manager Bram Stoker's contemporary Gothic horror novel Dracula is first published (in London); it will influence the direction of vampire literature for the following century.source
• 1897May 31 – On Decoration Day (later Memorial Day) the Robert Gould Shaw Memorial is dedicated in Boston. The bronze bas relief by Augustus St. Gaudens depicts the 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment of black Civil War soldiers.source
• 1897June 18 – Kyoto University is officially established in Japan.source
• 1897June 22 – The British Empire celebrates Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, marking the 60th year of her reign. No other British monarch will celebrate such a jubilee until Victoria's great-great-granddaughter Elizabeth II in 2012.source
• 1897October 23 – The Kappa Delta sorority is founded in Farmville, Virginia.source
• 1897November 1 – Juventus FC is founded as an association football club in Turin.source
• 1897December 9 – The first issue of the feminist newspaper La Fronde is published by Marguerite Durand in Paris.source
• 1897December 12 – The comic strip The Katzenjammer Kids debuts in the New York Journal.source
• 1897December 28 – The play Cyrano de Bergerac, by Edmond Rostand, premieres in Paris.source
• 1897Alexander Scriabin publishes his Piano Sonata no. 2 "Sonata-Fantasia" in G sharp minorsource
• 1897Zhejiang University is founded in China.source
• 1897Émile Durkheim publishes his classic study Suicide.source
• 1898January 13 – Novelist Émile Zola's open letter to the President of the French Republic on the Dreyfus affair, J'Accuse…!, is published on the front page of the Paris daily newspaper L'Aurore, accusing the government of wrongfully imprisoning Alfred Dreyfus and of antisemitism.source
• 1898March 13 – Vladimir Lenin creates the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in Minsk.source
• 1898March 14 – Association football and sports club BSC Young Boys is established in Bern, Switzerland, as the Fussballclub Young Boys.source
• 1898May 2 – Thousands of Chinese scholars and Beijing citizens seeking reforms protest in front of the capital control yuan.source
• 1898May 8 – The first games of the Italian Football Federation are played, in which Genoa play against Torino.source
• 1898May 22 – The German Federation football club SV Darmstadt 98 is formed.source
• 1898June 11 – The Guangxu Emperor announces the creation of what would later become Peking University.source
• 1898August 21 – Clube de Regatas Vasco da Gama is founded in Rio de Janeiro.source
• 1898October 1 – The Vienna University of Economics and Business is founded, under the name K.u.K. Exportakademie.source
• 1898October 6 – The Sinfonia Club, later to become the Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity, is founded at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston by Ossian Everett Mills.source
• 1898October 12 – The Michigan–Michigan State football rivalry begins in U.S. college football as Michigan University defeats Michigan Agricultural College, 39 to 0.source
• 1898October 14 – At the age of 16, Russian composer Igor Stravinsky creates his first composition, the unfinished piano fragment "Tarantella". The piece will remain undiscovered for 72 years and will first be performed in 2021, more than 120 years after it was composed.source
• 1898October 15 – The Fork Union Military Academy is founded, in Fork Union, Virginia.source
• 1898October 19 – The Universidad Literaria y Cientifica de Filipinas, the first Filipino operated university and the precursor to the University of the Philippines, is established shortly after the proclamation of the First Philippine Republic.source
• 1898October 25 – The Academia Militar, precursor to the Philippine Military Academy, is founded at Malolos by decree of Philippine Republic President Emilio Aguinaldo.source
• 1898November 19 – In U.S. college football, Harvard University defeats Yale University, 17 to 0, to close the season unbeaten.source
• 1898December 21 – Prince George of Greece arrives in Crete as its High Commissioner, and is escorted by the flagships of four nations.source
• 1898December 29 – The Moscow Art Theatre production of The Seagull by Anton Chekhov opens.source
• 1898The first volume of the Linguistic Survey of India is published in Calcutta.source
• 1899January 8 – The Association football club SK Rapid Wien is founded in Vienna.source
• 1899January 10 – The Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity is founded, at Illinois Wesleyan University in Bloomington, Illinois.source
• 1899January 24 – The Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine is founded.source
• 1899January 28 – The League of Peja, organized by Haxhi Zeka to lobby for a Kosovar Albanian state within the Ottoman Empire, attracts 450 delegates to its first convention, held at the city of Peja.source
• 1899February 16 – Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur, the first Association football club in Iceland, is established in Reykjavík.source
• 1899March 2 – Mount Rainier National Park is established in the U.S. state of Washington.source
• 1899March 8 – The Frankfurter Fußball-Club Victoria von 1899 (predecessor of Eintracht Frankfurt) is founded.source
• 1899April 20 – Catulle Mendès' controversial ballet Le Cygne premieres at the Opéra-Comique in Paris, but is considered by critics to be too sexually explicit.source
• 1899May 3 – The Ferencvárosi TC Association football club is founded in Budapest.source
• 1899May 13 – The Esporte Clube Vitória football club is founded in Salvador, Brazil.source
• 1899May 14 – The three time world champion Club Nacional de Football is founded in Montevideo, Uruguay.source
• 1899May 17 – Britain's Queen Victoria lays the foundation stone for the Victoria and Albert Museum.source
• 1899May 20 – The American Physical Society is founded at a meeting at Columbia University.source
• 1899May 24 – Jules Massenet's Cendrillon, the first opera based on the fairy tale of Cinderella, premieres in Paris at the Opéra-Comique in Paris.source
• 1899May 27 – Maurice Ravel conducts the first public performance of his Shéhérazade, ouverture de féerie in Paris.source
• 1899June 9 – American boxer James J. Jeffries wins the world heavyweight boxing championship when he knocks out Cornish-born Bob Fitzsimmons at Coney Island, New York.source
• 1899June 19 – Edward Elgar's Enigma Variations are premiered in London.source
• 1899July 3 – Swiss-born American boxer Frank Erne wins the world lightweight championship by defeating champion George "Kid" Lavigne in Buffalo, New York.source
• 1899August 10 – Marshall "Major" Taylor wins the world 1 mi km professional cycling championship in Montreal, securing his place as the first African American world champion in any sport.source
• 1899August 31 – The Olympique de Marseille association football club is founded in France.source
• 1899September 11 – Northern Arizona University is founded in Flagstaff, as Northern Arizona Normal School.source
• 1899November 4 – The Alpha Sigma Tau sorority is founded in Ypsilanti, Michigan.source
• 1899December 10 – The college fraternity Delta Sigma Phi is founded at the City College of New York.source
• 1899December 15 – Glasgow School of Art, the most notable work of Scottish architect Charles Rennie Mackintosh, opens.source