1829 CE

Ignacio Zaragoza, General of the Mexican Army best known for his 1862 victory against the French forces during the Battle of Puebla on May 5. The Roman Catholic Relief Act, granting Catholic emancipation, becomes law, thanks to Daniel O'Connell and the Catholic Association. Roman Catholics are eligible to sit in the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and in the judiciary. However, Forty Shilling Freeholders are disenfranchised by raising the value of the property qualification to vote in county constituencies to ten pounds. Eastern State Penitentiary opens in Philadelphia as Cherry Hill State Prison, a pioneering example of the separate system in the history of United States prison systems.

In the 1820s, the 19th century.

1829 at a glance

World population: about 1.16 billion Our World in Data
United States: John Quincy Adams, then Andrew Jackson (President) Wikipedia rev. 1360994931
United Kingdom: George IV (King); Arthur Wellesley (Prime minister) Wikipedia rev. 1360994931
Russian Empire: Nicholas I (Emperor) Wikipedia rev. 1360994931
Qing dynasty: Daoguang (Emperor) Wikipedia rev. 1360994931
Bourbon Restoration of France: Charles X (King); Jean Baptiste Gay, vicomte de Martignac, then Jules de Polignac (Prime minister) Wikipedia rev. 1360994931
Tokugawa shogunate of Japan: Ninkō (Emperor) Wikipedia rev. 1360994931

Who led every country in 1829 →

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

March 18: The Treaty of Amity and Commerce is signed between Brazil and the United States.Brazil source
March 22 – Greece receives autonomy from the Ottoman Empire in the London Protocol, signed by Russia, France and Britain, effectively ending the Greek War of Independence. Greece continues to seek full independence through diplomatic negotiations with the three Great Powers.source
April 1 – Vicente Guerrero becomes president of Mexico.source
April 13 – The Catholic Relief Act is passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, granting a substantial measure of Catholic emancipation in Britain and Ireland.source
2 May – After anchoring nearby, Captain Charles Fremantle of HMS Challenger, proclaimed possession of the whole of the west coast of Australia for the Crown.Australia source
24 May – Andrés de Santa Cruz takes office as the 6th president of Bolivia. Velasco becomes the 2nd vice president.Bolivia source
15–16 May - The Chilean presidential election, 1829 reelects Pinto as president.Chile source
June 3 – The Swan River Colony (later to become the cities of Perth and Fremantle) is founded in Western Australia. This secures the western third of the Australian landmass for the British.source
July 5 – Ignacio Mariscal, distinguished lawyer, diplomat and Liberal member.Mexico source
August 8 – The Prince de Polignac succeeds the Vicomte de Martignac as Prime Minister of France.source
September 14 – The Ottoman Empire signs the Treaty of Adrianople with Russia, ending the Russo-Turkish War.source
October 1 – South African College is inaugurated in Cape Town.source
Lorentz Angel Krieger became the founding Governor of Iceland, taking over from Peter Fjeldsted Hoppe.Iceland source
Treaty of Adrianpole (also called Treaty of Edirne)Russia source
Fertile land in the Kat River basin granted to 250 Khoikhoi and coloured families, marking the start of the Kat River Settlement as a buffer zone between AmaXhosa and the colonial government.South Africa source

Conflict & Security

January 30 – Massacre at the Russian Embassy in Tehran.Iran source
February 27 – Battle of Tarqui: Troops of Gran Colombia and Peru battle to a draw.source
March 2 – Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, conspirator and supporter of the Mexican War of Independence.Mexico source
March 21 – The bloodless Wellington–Winchilsea duel takes place at Battersea near Londonsource
March 25 – Ignacio Zaragoza, General of the Mexican Army best known for his 1862 victory against the French forces during the Battle of Puebla on May 5.Mexico source
17 May – Henrik Wergeland became a symbol of the fight for celebration of the constitution at May 17, which was later to become the Norwegian National Day. He became a public hero after the infamous "Battle of the Square" in Christiania.Norway source
June 5 – HMS Pickle captures the armed slave ship Voladora off the coast of Cuba.source
July 2 – Russo-Turkish War (1828–29): Russian Field-Marshal Hans Karl von Diebitsch launches the Trans-Balkan Offensive, which brings the Russian army within 68 km of Istanbul.source
12 July – Orange Institution parades in Belfast are banned, leading to demonstrations and serious rioting in Belfast. This spreads to County Armagh and County Tyrone, lasting several days and resulting in at least 20 deaths.Ireland source
26 July – Red trousers (pantalon rouge) adopted as standard Army uniform.France source
August 15–22 – Cincinnati riots of 1829.United States source
October 17 – Kaspar Hauser is found wounded.source
Narrative poem on Cossack hetman Ivan Mazepa's involvement in the Battle of Poltava between Sweden and Russia that took place in 1709Russia source

Exploration & Expansion

14 May – Aboriginal mission on Bruny Island opened by George Augustus Robinson.Australia source
8 June – Captain James Stirling founds the Swan River Colony in Western Australia, landing at Garden Island.Australia source
A whaling station is established at Preservation Inlet on the south-west corner of the South Island by Captain William Anglem.New Zealand source
James Farrow, the first trader known to have frequented the Tauranga area, arrives for the first time. (see also 1838)New Zealand source
Mizur (Мизур), a rural settlement, foundedRussia source
Occupation of Danubian PrincipalitiesRussia source

Religion & Belief

March 31 – Pope Pius VIII succeeds Pope Leo XII as the 253rd pope.source
April 4 – The Mexican city of Cuautla, Morelos, is founded.source
13 April – the Roman Catholic Relief Act, granting Catholic emancipation, becomes law, thanks to Daniel O'Connell and the Catholic Association. Roman Catholics are eligible to sit in the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and in the judiciary. However, Forty Shilling Freeholders are disenfranchised by raising the value of the property qualification to vote in county constituencies to ten pounds.Ireland source
May 15 – Joseph Smith claims to have received the Aaronic Priesthood from John the Baptist.source
7 June – C. F. Hansen's new Church of Our Lady in Copenhagen inaugurated after the previous building was destroyed in the British Bombardment of Copenhagen in 1807.Denmark source
19 June – Adam Oehlenschläger is publicly crowned with laurel by the Swedish poet Esaias Tegner in front of the high altar in Lund Cathedral, as the "Scandinavian King of Song.". The event cements his position as the leading proponent of Romanticism in the region and at the same time heralds the emergence the Scandinavismmovement.Denmark source
29 September – foundation stone of Tolbooth Church in Edinburgh is laid.Scotland source
17 November – Jules de Polignac becomes president of the council of ministers.France source
24 November - The Ecclesiastical Courts Act, 1829, is passed, largely at the instigation of Sir John Nicholl.Wales source
29 November – Alfred Nesbitt Brown arrives in Paihia. He is the third ordained minister in New Zealand.New Zealand source
Ellis Evans - Arddangosiad Syml o Syniadau Gwahaniaethol, neu Egwyddorion Priodol, y Bedyddwyr CrediniolWales source

Technology & Infrastructure

April 21– Popular German conductor Felix Mendelssohn begins his first of 10 visits to Britain, touring the island until November 28. This includes the first London performance of his concert overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream, and his trip to Fingal's Cave.source
May 6 – The patent for an instrument called the accordion is applied for by Cyrill Demian (officially approved on May 23).source
1 June – Wishaw and Coltness Railway incorporated.Scotland source
June 19 – Robert Peel establishes the Metropolitan Police Service in London, the first modern police force. The first officers, known by the nickname "bobbies", go on patrol on September 29.source
19 June – Robert Peel's Metropolitan Police Act establishes the Metropolitan Police Service.United Kingdom source
July 4 – George Shillibeer begins operating the first bus service in London.source
July 23 – In the United States, William Burt obtains the first patent for a form of typewriter, the typographer.source
July 23 – William Austin Burt obtains the first patent for a typographer (typewriter).United States source
August 10 – Finsteraarhorn, the highest summit of the Bernese Alps, is first ascended.source
September – Timothy Burstall of Leith completes the vertical boiler geared steam locomotive Perseverance for October's Rainhill Trials on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway (although it does not formally compete).Scotland source
October 14 – Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill trials to determine the practicality of steam locomotives to operate the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in England.source
October 16 – The first modern hotel in the United States, Tremont House (Boston), opens.source
November 30 – The original Welland Canal opens for a trial run, with a ceremony at Port Dalhousie, Upper Canada.source
November 30 – Construction of the First Welland Canal is completed (construction to begin again in 1831)Canada source
Barthélemy Thimonnier invented the "sewing machine"France source
The present Kvitsøy Lighthouse was built.Norway source
Beaumaris Gaol is built, to the design of Joseph Hansom.Wales source

Science & Discovery

Felix Mendelssohn visits Wales and transcribes some Welsh music.Wales source

Health & Medicine

October 25 – Eastern State Penitentiary opens in Philadelphia as Cherry Hill State Prison, a pioneering example of the separate system in the history of United States prison systems.United States source
4 December – Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829India source
4 December – In the face of fierce opposition, Lord William Bentinck carries a regulation declaring that all who abet suttee in India are guilty of culpable homicide.United Kingdom source
Measures against Thuggee and sati (practice) are introduced.India source
Thomas Price (Carnhuanawc) - An Essay on the Physiognomy and Physiology of the Present Inhabitants of BritainWales source

Crime & Justice

8 January – hanging of body-selling murderer William Burke in Edinburgh. His associate William Hare, who testified against him, is released.Scotland source
8 January – Hanging of body-selling murderer William Burke in Edinburgh. His associate William Hare, who has testified against him, is released.United Kingdom source
5 June – Slave trade: HMS Pickle captures the armed slave ship Voladora off the coast of Cuba.United Kingdom source
29 September – The first police officers of the Metropolitan Police Service, known by the nicknames "bobbies" or "peelers", go on patrol in London.United Kingdom source
31 December – Last British hanging for forgery, Thomas Maynard at Newgate Prison, London.United Kingdom source
Poltava ( Полтава) by Alexander PushkinRussia source
Edwin Henry Landseer paints An Illicit Whisky Still in the Highlands.Scotland source
Thomas Love Peacock - The Misfortunes of ElphinWales source

Disasters & Accidents

1–2 February – York Minster is extensively damaged in a fire started by Jonathan Martin (who is subsequently acquitted of arson on the grounds of insanity).United Kingdom source

Climate & Environment

2–3 August – the "Muckle Spate", a great flood of the River Findhorn which devastates much of Strathspey, washing away many bridges.Scotland source
2–3 August – The "Muckle Spate", a great flood of the River Findhorn which devastates much of Strathspey, Scotland, washing away many bridges.United Kingdom source

Culture & Society

January 4 – Sir John Colborne, Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada founds Upper Canada College, as a feeder school to the newly formed University of Toronto and a home for the colony's upper class.Canada source
January 19 – August Klingemann's adaptation of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust premieres in Braunschweig.source
19 January – August Klingemann's adaptation of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust premieres in Braunschweig.Germany source
March 11 – German composer Felix Mendelssohn conducts the first performance of Johann Sebastian Bach's St Matthew Passion since the latter's death in 1750, in Berlin; the success of this performance sparks a revival of interest in Bach.source
6 May - The Cymmrodorion hold an eisteddfod in London.Wales source
June 1 – The Philadelphia Inquirer is founded in the U.S. as The Pennsylvania Inquirer.source
June 10 – The Oxford University Boat Club wins the first inter-university Boat Race, rowed at Henley-on-Thames.source
June 27 – James Smithson, a British mineralogist and chemist, leaves a bequest of £100,000 to fund the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.United States source
1 August – Prince Ferdinand marries at Frederiksberg Palace his first cousin once removed, Princess Caroline of Denmark (1793–1881), the eldest daughter of the above-mentioned sonless Crown Prince Frederick, now King Frederick VI of Denmark.Denmark source
August 3 – Gioacchino Rossini's opera William Tell (Guillaume Tell) is first performed, in Paris.source
August 12 – Mrs. Helen Dance, wife of the captain of the ship Sulphur, cuts down a tree to mark the founding day of the town of Perth, Western Australia.source
12 August – Mrs Helen Dance, wife of the captain of HMS Sulphur, cuts down a tree to mark the foundation of the town of Perth, Western Australia.Australia source
August 14 – King's College London is founded by Royal Charter, under the patronage of King George IV and the Prime Minister, The Duke of Wellington.source
September 28 – African-American abolitionist David Walker publishes his Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, in Boston, Massachusetts.source
October 17: Dom Pedro I marries Amélie of Leuchtenberg.Brazil source
November 5 – The Chalmers University of Technology is founded in Gothenburg, Sweden.source
November 5 – Technical University of Denmark (DTU) opens.source
December 4 – In India, Lord William Bentinck, British Governor General of the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal, pushes through a regulation declaring that all who abet sati (suttee) (the self-immolation of a widow on her husband's funeral pyre) in parts of British India are guilty of culpable homicide. This follows long campaigning by Bengali reformer Ram Mohan Roy.source
South African College founded in Cape Town, South Africa; later to separate into the South African College Schools and the University of Cape Town.South Africa source

Births

January 17 – Catherine Booth, English Mother of The Salvation Army (died 1890)source
January 21 – King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway (died 1907)source
February 2 – William Stanley, British inventor, engineer (died 1909)source
March 2 – Carl Schurz, German revolutionary, American statesman (died 1906)source
2 March – Carl Schurz, German revolutionary, American statesman (died 1906)Germany source
March 16 – George M. Robeson, American politician (died 1897)source
April 1 – Mohammad-Ali Ala ol-Saltaneh, Iranian politician.Iran source
April 10 – William Booth, British founder of The Salvation Army (died 1912)source
1 May: José de Alencar, novelistBrazil source
June 4 – Allan Octavian Hume, British civil servant (died 1912)source
June 5 – George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen, Scottish-Canadian businessman, philanthropist (died 1921)source
June 8 – Sir John Everett Millais, British Pre-Raphaelite painter (died 1896)source
June 16 – Geronimo, indigenous American (Apache) leader (died 1909)source
October 1 – Sidney Hill, English philanthropist (died 1908)source
October 5 – Chester A. Arthur, 21st President of the United States (died 1886)source
November 10 – Newton Knight, American farmer, soldier and Southern Unionist in Mississippi and Civil War guerrilla (died 1922)source
26 November (in England): Arthur Hamilton-Gordon, 1st Baron Stanmore, Governor of New Zealand.New Zealand source
November 28 – Anton Rubinstein, Russian pianist, composer (died 1894)source

Deaths

1 January – President Pedro Blanco Soto is assassinated in the La Recoletta convent; at six days in office, he becomes the president with the shortest term served. He is succeeded by José Miguel de Velasco, who serves as president pending the arrival of Andrés de Santa Cruz.Bolivia source
11 January – Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Schlegel, German poet and critic (born 1772)Germany source
January 29 – Timothy Pickering, American politician (born 1745)source
February 10 – Pope Leo XII (born 1760)source
February 11 – Alexander Griboyedov, Russian playwright, diplomat (born 1795)source
April 6 – Niels Henrik Abel, Norwegian mathematician (born 1802)source
May 10 – Thomas Young, English physician, linguist (born 1773)source
May 17 – John Jay, first Chief Justice of the United States (born 1745)source
May 29 – Humphry Davy, British chemist (born 1778)source
June 27 – James Smithson, British mineralogist, chemist, whose fortune eventually went to the United States of America, and was used to initially fund the Smithsonian Institution (born 1764)source
July 11 – Hannah Mather Crocker, American essayist, advocate of women's rights in America (born 1752)source
12 September - Juan Ignacio Molina (born 1740)Chile source
September 28 – David Gillespie, American surveyor and politician (born 1774)source
October 10 – Maria Elizabetha Jacson, British botanist (born 1755)source
October 29 – Maria Anna Mozart ("Nannerl"), Austrian musician and composer, sister of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (born 1751)source
November 26 – Bushrod Washington, American Supreme Court justice (born 1762)source
December 28 – Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, French scientist (born 1744)source
? – Molla Ahmad Naraqi, Iranian writer, poet and religious servant.Iran source