1833 CE

Andrew Jackson becomes the first U.S. president to ride a railroad train. A mob in Jackson County, Missouri, destroys the printing office of the early Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints containing what becomes known as The Doctrine and Covenants. The Parliament of the United Kingdom votes to pass the Factory Acts, limiting child labour.

In the 1830s, the 19th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

January 3 – The United Kingdom reasserts British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic Ocean.source
23 January – Bathurst is gazetted as a townAustralia source
March 4 – Andrew Jackson is sworn in for his second term as President of the United States, and Martin Van Buren is sworn in as Vice President of the United States.United States source
April 1 – General Antonio López de Santa Anna is elected President of Mexico by the legislatures of 16 of the 18 Mexican states. During his frequent absences from office to fight on the battlefield, Santa Anna turns the duties of government over to his vice president, Valentín Gómez Farías.source
May 6 – The Ottoman Empire promulgates a firman ratifying the Peace Agreement of Kütahya, bringing an end to the Egyptian-Ottoman War.source
May 25 – The Chilean Constitution of 1833 is promulgated.source
25 May - The Chilean Constitution of 1833 is promulgated.Chile source
July 8 – The Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi creates an alliance between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire.source
August 20 – Future United States President Benjamin Harrison is born in Ohio. From this date until the death of Former U.S. President James Madison on June 28 1836, a total of 18 Presidents of the United States (2 former, 1 current, and 15 future) are living; which is more than any other time period in U.S. history.source
August 26 – The Canton of Basel is partitioned by the Swiss Tagsatzung to create the two half-cantons of Basel-City and Basel-Country.source
August 28 – The British Slavery Abolition Act 1833, beginning the process of giving slaves in much of the British Empire their freedom, receives royal assent, with an effective date of August 1, 1834. A £20 million fund is established to compensate slaveowners.source
August 29 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom votes to pass the Factory Acts, limiting child labour.source
September – William Lyon Mackenzie returns from the United Kingdom.Canada source
18 November – Treaty of Zonhoven between Belgium and the Netherlands, regulating navigation on the Meuse RiverBelgium source
Greece recaptures the Acropolis of Athens.source
Jón Sigurðsson, leader of the 19th century Icelandic independence movement relocates to Denmark to study grammar and history at the University of Copenhagen.Iceland source
The building of the house for James Busby is begun. After the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi there in 1840 it will be known as the Treaty House.New Zealand source
British Parliament passes the Abolition Act, ending slavery but introducing "apprenticeship" to prevent economic collapse.South Africa source

Conflict & Security

February 6 – Prince Otto Friedrich Ludwig of Bavaria arrives at the port of Nafplio to assume the title King Othon the First of Greece.source
May 6 – In Alexandria, Virginia, an attack is made on U.S. President Andrew Jackson.source
May 10 – The Le Van Khoi revolt breaks out in southern Vietnam against Emperor Minh Mang, who has desecrated the deceased mandarin Le Van Duyet.source
21 May – Convention of London indefinitely extends ceasefire with the Kingdom of the Netherlands following the Belgian Revolution of 1830Belgium source
June 9 – Dubai secedes from Abu Dhabi.source
July 5 – Liberal Wars: The forces of Queen Maria II of Portugal win the Battle of Cape St. Vincent, defeating the supporters of her uncle, King Miguel, who usurped the throne in 1828.source
September 19 – Military riot at Montreal.Canada source
September 29 – Three-year-old Isabella II becomes Queen of Spain, under the regency of her mother, Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies. Her uncle Don Carlos, Conde de Molina challenges her claim, beginning the First Carlist War.source
8 October – Belgian Iron Cross established to honour bravery during the Belgian RevolutionBelgium source
November 12–13 – A very spectacular occurrence of the Leonid meteor shower is observed all over North America, and is the inspiration for the song "Stars Fell on Alabama".source
Basotho kingdom under King Moshoeshoe repels attacks from mounted "Bergenaars" using horses and firearms, maintaining sovereignty.South Africa source

Exploration & Expansion

23 February – Grand Orient of Belgium established, with Goswin de Stassart as first Grand MasterBelgium source
April 23 – A group of interstate slave traders agree to relocate their slave pens outside the city limits of Natchez, Mississippi, to the Forks of the Road.United States source
10 May – James Busby arrives in the Bay of Islands on HMS Imogene.New Zealand source
August 12 – The settlement of Chicago is established by 350 settlers at the estuary of the Chicago River in the U.S. state of Illinois.source
August 12 – The town of Chicago is established at the estuary of the Chicago River by 350 settlers.United States source
August 18 – The Canadian ship SS Royal William sets out from Pictou, Nova Scotia on a 25-day passage of the Atlantic Ocean, primarily under steam, to Gravesend in England.source
Glengoyne distillery is established as the Burnfoot distillery by George Connell on the Highland line near Dumgoyne.Scotland source
David Hume, explorer and big-game hunter, becomes the first European to enter the country of the Bamangwato (Botswana).South Africa source
Autumn – The community of Gomer, Ohio, is founded in the United States by Welsh settlers.Wales source

Religion & Belief

6 February – His Royal Highness Prince Otto Friedrich Ludwig of Bavaria assumes the title His Majesty Othon the First, by the Grace of God, King of Greece, Prince of Bavaria.Germany source
February 16 – The United States Supreme Court hands down its landmark decision of Barron v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore.source
16 May – James Busby meets 22 leading chiefs at Paihia and reads them a message from King William IV.New Zealand source
May – the final revised edition of The Poetical Works of Sir Walter Scott, Bart, edited by Scott's son-in-law J. G. Lockhart, begins publication.Scotland source
July 14 – At Oxford University, John Keble preaches a sermon against the Church Temporalities (Ireland) Act 1833. Keble's sermon, published afterwards published as National Apostasy, is traditionally considered as the beginning of the Oxford Movement of High Church Anglicans.source
14 July – John Keble preaches a sermon on "National Apostasy" (in part a protest against the Church Temporalities (Ireland) Act 1833), launching the Oxford Movement within the Church of England.United Kingdom source
August – Mount Melleray Abbey in the Knockmealdown Mountains is founded, the first Cistercian foundation in Ireland in modern times.Ireland source
8 September – First Daughters of the Cross make their vows (founder Marie Thérèse Haze).Belgium source
December 15: José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva is suspended from his duties as Dom Pedro II's tutor and is replaced by the Marquis of Itanhaém by decree.Brazil source
Madras College in St Andrews, Scotland.source
Isaac Williams becomes Dean of Trinity College, Oxford.Wales source

Economy & Finance

4 August - Norderhov Spareindretning, Ringerikes first bank is established (today it is known as SpareBank 1 Ringerike Hadeland).Norway source
American healthcare brand McKesson Corporation established as a partnership.source
Nullification Crisis (1832–1833)United States source

Technology & Infrastructure

2 April – Launch of HMS Royal William at Pembroke Dock. This is the first ship to be built there with over 100 guns.Wales source
May 6 – In Germany, Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber obtain permission to build an electromagnetic telegraph in Göttingen.source
6 May – Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber obtain permission to build an electromagnetic telegraph in Göttingen.Germany source
June 5 – Ada Lovelace and Charles Babbage, both pioneers in developing a computer, are introduced to each other by Mary Somerville.source
June 6 – Andrew Jackson becomes the first U.S. president to ride a railroad train.United States source
18 July – Law on distilleries passed, establishing a duty of 22 centimes per hectolitre per day on distillation containers used.Belgium source
29 August – The Factory Act makes it illegal to employ children less than 9 years old in factories and limits child workers of 9 to 13 years of age to a maximum of 9 hours a day.United Kingdom source
30 October – Edinburgh Town Council first allows newspaper reporters to attend its meetings.Scotland source
Royal William, formerly operating between Quebec and Halifax, becomes first steamship to cross Atlantic.Canada source
Adrian Stephens invents the steam whistle as a safety device for use at Dowlais Ironworks; he fails to patent it.Wales source

Science & Discovery

28 August – Bank Notes Act gives Bank of England notes over £5 in value the status of "legal tender" in England and Wales.United Kingdom source
November 12–13 – "The night the stars fell on Alabama": A spectacular occurrence of the Leonid meteor shower is observed in Alabama.United States source
November 13 – Meteor showers at Niagara, Ontario.Canada source
The dawn of biochemistry: The first enzyme, diastase, is discovered by Anselme Payen.source
Chemist Thomas Graham proposes Graham's law.Scotland source

Health & Medicine

28 June - Law promulgated by François Guizot requires every commune or municipality to maintain a public primary school.France source
Late in the year Louisa, daughter of John and Betty Guard, is born at Port Underwood. She is the first female European child born in the South Island.New Zealand source
Törnrosens bok by Carl Jonas Love AlmqvistSweden source

Crime & Justice

May 11 – French-American farmhand Antoine le Blanc murders family of three.United States source
29 July – Nathaniel Sneyd is shot in the head by a madman on Westmoreland Street, Dublin. He dies from his injuries two days later.Ireland source
December 14 – Kaspar Hauser, the well known and mysterious German youth, is fatally stabbed. He dies three days later on December 17.source
14 December – Kaspar Hauser, a mysterious German youth, is stabbed, dying three days later on 17 December.Germany source
The Bhumij Revolt, led by Ganga Narayan Singh continues.India source
The keystone above the door of the Stone Store in Kerikeri is carved.New Zealand source
Burgh Police (Scotland) Act permits burghs to establish themselves as police burghs, having powers to provide policing and to pave and light streets.Scotland source
Pilt Carin Ersdotter arrives to Stockholm where she attracts great attention as The beautiful Dalarna girl.Sweden source
American Anti-Slavery Society founded in Philadelphia by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan.United States source

Disasters & Accidents

July 20 – A mob in Jackson County, Missouri, destroys the printing office of the early Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints containing what becomes known as The Doctrine and Covenants.source
10 August – major fire in stores of The Custom House, Dublin, sets River Liffey aflame.Ireland source
August 31 – The chartered ship Amphitrite sinks off Boulogne-sur-Mer while transporting 108 British female convicts and 12 children from Woolwich in England to New South Wales in what is now Australia. All of the passengers die, along with 13 of the 16 crew, leaving 3 survivors.source
31 August – Chartered ship Amphitrite sinks off Boulogne-sur-Mer while undertaking the penal transportation of 108 British female convicts and 12 children from Woolwich to New South Wales with the loss of 133 lives; only 3 crew survive.United Kingdom source

Climate & Environment

June 29 – An earthquake at Fort Nisqually is experienced by William Fraser Tolmie; his journal entry records the first written eyewitness account of an earthquake in the Puget Sound region.source
26 August – 1833 Bihar–Nepal earthquakeIndia source
November 25 – An 8.7 magnitude earthquake strikes Sumatra in what is now Indonesia.source
November to December – William Lyon Mackenzie expelled three times and re-elected twice.Canada source
The Guntur famine of 1832 continues to affect communities in Guntur, Madras Presidency.India source

Culture & Society

5 January – The Perth Gazette and the West Australian Journal are first published by Charles MacfaullAustralia source
April 18 – Over 300 delegates from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland travel to the office of the Prime Minister, the Earl Grey, to call for the immediate abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire.source
25 May – Royal Horticultural Society holds the first flower show in Britain.United Kingdom source
26 May – John Etherington Welch Rolls of The Hendre, Monmouth, marries Elizabeth Long, granddaughter of the 7th Earl of Northesk. They are the parents of John Rolls, 1st Baron Llangattock.Wales source
August 1 – King William's College opens on the Isle of Man.source
September 2 – Oberlin College is founded in the U.S. at Oberlin, Ohio.source
September 2 – Oberlin College is founded in Oberlin, Ohio by John Shipherd and Philo P. Stewart.United States source
7 October – the Edinburgh Emancipation Society, Edinburgh Ladies' Emancipation Society, Glasgow Emancipation Society and Glasgow Ladies' Emancipation Society are formed in support of abolitionism.Scotland source
October 20 – Alfred, Lord Tennyson, publishes his oft-quoted poem, Ulysses.source
October – Opening of Sint-Barbaracollege, re-established Jesuit college in Ghent.Belgium source
1 December - Launch of Le Ménestrel, a weekly music journal; it survives until 1940.France source
December 18 – The national anthem of the Russian Empire, God Save the Tsar!, is first performed.source
December – The American Anti-Slavery Society is founded.source
H.R.H. Prince Mongkut of Siam founds the Dhammayut Buddhist reform movement.source
Kalamazoo College in Kalamazoo, Michigan.source
The Asiatic Society of Mumbai Town Hall is completed.India source

Births

January 1 – Robert Lawson, New Zealand architect (died 1902)source
1 January (in Scotland): Robert Lawson, architect.New Zealand source
January 28 – Charles George Gordon, British army officer, administrator (died 1885)source
1 February: Eiríkur Magnússon, scholar.Iceland source
February 3 – Abu Bakar of Johor, Malaysian sultan (died 1895)source
February 6 – J. E. B. Stuart, American Confederate general (died 1864)source
February 11 – Melville Fuller, 8th Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (died 1910)source
March 20 – Daniel Dunglas Home, Scottish medium (died 1886)source
May 7 – Johannes Brahms, German composer (died 1897)source
7 May – Johannes Brahms, German composer (died 1897)Germany source
June 1 – John Marshall Harlan, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (died 1911)source
June 4 – Garnet Wolseley, 1st Viscount Wolseley, British field marshal (died 1913)source
July 7 – Félicien Rops, Belgian artist (died 1898)source
July 14 – Alfred Biliotti, Italian Levantine British consular officer and archaeologist (died 1915)source
August 20 – Benjamin Harrison, 23rd President of the United States (died 1901)source
10 October - Melchor de Concha y Toro (died 1892)Chile source
October 21 – Alfred Nobel, Swedish inventor of dynamite, creator of the Nobel Prize (died 1896)source
November 13 – Edwin Booth, American tragedian (died 1893)source

Deaths

January 16 – Banastre Tarleton, British general, politician (born 1754)source
January 16: Princess Paula of Brazil (born 1823)Brazil source
January 23 – Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth, British admiral (born 1757)source
April 22 – Richard Trevithick, English inventor (born 1771)source
1 May – Yagan and Midgegoroo are proclaimed as outlaws for killing two whites at Canning; Yagan is killed in JulyAustralia source
May 11 – At least 170 people—and perhaps as many as 265—are killed when the British brig Lady of the Lake sinks off Cape St. Francis at Newfoundland. Only 15 people survive.source
July 5 – Nicéphore Niépce, French photography pioneer (born 1765)source
July 11 – Yagan, Noongar indigenous Australian warrior (killed) (born c. 1795)source
July 19 – George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland, British landowner (born 1758)source
July 20 – Ninian Edwards, American politician, Governor of and Senator from Illinois (born 1775)source
July 29 – William Wilberforce, English politician, abolitionist (born 1759)source
September 6 – At least 6,000 people are killed when an 8.0 magnitude earthquake shakes the Chinese province of Yunnan destroying buildings, homes and temples.source
September 7 – Hannah More, English religious writer, Romantic, and philanthropist (born 1745)source
September 27 – Ram Mohan Roy, Hindu reformer (born 1772)source
September 29 – King Ferdinand VII of Spain (born 1784)source
October 25 – Crown Prince Abbas Mirza died in Mashhad, Iran.Iran source
December 17 – Kaspar Hauser, German youth of uncertain origin (stabbed) (born 1812?)source
17 December – Kaspar Hauser, German youth of uncertain origin (stabbed) (born 1812?)Germany source