Religion & Belief in the 19th century

998 sourced entries, 1800 CE to 1899 CE, oldest first. Also see Religion & Belief across every century or everything else in the 19th century.

1800March 14 – Papal conclave, 1799–1800: cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti succeeds Pius VI as Pius VII, the 251st pope. He is crowned on March 21, in Venice.source
18004 July – St. Nicolas Church, one of the four Medieval churches in Copenhagen, is closed.Denmark source
180016 July – Richard Johnson and Samuel Marsden open a church school in Kissing Point (Ryde).Australia source
18001 August - The Naval Temple on The Kymin at Monmouth is dedicated.Wales source
180027 November – Walter Scott's first original poems, "Glenfinlas" and "The Eve of St. John", are published.Scotland source
1800December 24 – Pierre Coudrin and Henriette Aymer de la Chevalerie found the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary in Paris.source
1800Samuel Marsden becomes the principal, and at the time only remaining, chaplain for New South Wales.New Zealand source
1800William Ouseley - Epitome of the Ancient History of PersiaWales source
1800Thomas Charles introduces the practice of allowing Calvinistic Methodist congregations to elect their own elders.Wales source
1800John Jones - A Development of ... Events calculated to restore the Christian Religion to its ... PurityWales source
180114 March – William Pitt the Younger resigns over the failure to introduce Catholic emancipation, having first tendered his resignation on 5 February.United Kingdom source
180115 July – Concordat of 1801, agreement signed between France and Pope Pius VII that reaffirms the Roman Catholic Church as the majority church of France and restores some of its civil status.France source
1801July 18 – Napoleon signs a Concordat with Pope Pius VII.source
18013 November – James Murphy succeeds Hugh O'Reilly as Roman Catholic Bishop of Clogher, an office which he will hold until 1824.Ireland source
1801November 16 – The first edition of the New-York Evening Post is printed.source
1801November 16 – The first edition of New York Evening Post is printed.United States source
1801The Supreme Council, Scottish Rite (Southern Jurisdiction, USA) is founded within Freemasonry.source
1801The Bishop of Iceland position is created, with Geir Vídalín being the first to hold the position.Iceland source
1801Dundee Courier & Argus first published.Scotland source
1801James Hogg publishes Scottish Pastorals, Poems, Songs.Scotland source
1801The "Great Debate" is held at Ramoth Chapel in Llanfrothen, Merionethshire, as a result of which John Richard Jones forms the "Scottish Baptist" connexion.Wales source
180210 October – the reforming quarterly The Edinburgh Review is first published by Archibald Constable.Scotland source
1802Linen Hall Library moves into permanent premises in the White Linen Hall in Belfast.Ireland source
1802First Christian Brothers' school founded by Edmund Rice in Waterford.Ireland source
1802Solomon Hirschell elected rabbi of the Great Synagogue of London, becoming recognised as chief rabbi of the United Kingdom.United Kingdom source
1802Thomas Charles - The Welsh Methodists VindicatedWales source
180319 April - Governor King proclaims toleration for Catholics and allows Fr James Dixon to say mass for Irish convicts.Australia source
180326 June – John Macarthur writes the Statement of Improvement and Progression of Fine Woolled Sheep in New South Wales.Australia source
180317 July - Thomas Burgess is consecrated Bishop of St David's.Wales source
1803Lismore Seminary is opened by the Catholic Church.Scotland source
1803Most of the 'Luckenbooths' in High Street, Edinburgh are demolished, opening up the prospect of St Giles' Cathedral.Scotland source
1803Jane Austen's novel Northanger Abbey, a satire on Gothic fiction, is advertised by a London publisher but is not in fact published until 1817, after her death.United Kingdom source
1803Thomas Johnes sets up a private printing press to publish translations of French medieval chronicles.Wales source
1803Rhys Davies (Y Glun Bren) preaches from the mounting-block in front of the Black Lion Inn at Talybont in Cardiganshire, beginning Independent Methodist activity there.Wales source
18046 January - Mathias Bonsach Krogh became the first Bishop of the Diocese of Hålogaland.Norway source
1804February 4 – The Sokoto Caliphate is founded in West Africa.source
1804March 7 – Thomas Charles is instrumental in founding the British and Foreign Bible Society.source
18047 March – Thomas Charles is instrumental in founding the Bible Society.United Kingdom source
1804March 7 - Inauguration of the British and Foreign Bible Society, largely at the instigation of Thomas Charles.Wales source
1804August 11 – In reaction to Napoleon being proclaimed emperor of France, Francis II assumes the title of a hereditary emperor of Austria (as Francis I) in addition to his title as emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. This latter title will become obsolete two years later when the formation of the Confederation of the Rhine instigated by Napoleon signals the end of the Holy Roman Empire.source
180411 August – In reaction to Napoleon being proclaimed emperor of France, Francis II assumes the title of a hereditary emperor of Austria (as Francis I) in addition to his title as emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Tis latter title will become obsolete two years later when the formation of the Confederation of the Rhine instigated by Napoleon signals the end of the Holy Roman Empire.Germany source
180419 August – St Peter's Church, Aberdeen, is dedicated as the city's first purpose-built post-Reformation Roman Catholic church.Scotland source
180424 September - Trondhjems amt was split into two, with the northern part becoming Nordre Trondhjems amt and the southern part becoming Søndre Trondhjems amt.Norway source
1804December 2 – Coronation of Napoleon I: At the cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris, Napoleon crowns himself as the first Emperor of the French in a thousand years. Witnessing this, Simón Bolívar dedicates himself to liberating Venezuela from Spanish rule.source
1804Moscow Armenian Cemetery foundedRussia source
1804Azariah Shadrach - Drws i'r Meddwl SegurWales source
1805February 15 – The Harmony Society is officially formed as a Christian community in Harmony, Pennsylvania.source
1805February 15 – Harmony Society formally established in the U.S. at Harmony, Pennsylvania.United States source
180521 February – Charles Manners-Sutton confirmed as Archbishop of Canterbury.United Kingdom source
180528 April – The Huguenots consecrated the Strooidakkerk (thatched church) in PaarlSouth Africa source
1805June 1 – Tuscan-born composer Luigi Boccherini is buried in the Basílica pontificia de San Miguel in Madrid after being found dead on May 28.source
1805July 9 – Muhammad Ali Pasha founds his dynasty in Egypt.source
1805August 29 – Emperor Franz I of Austria and his council of ministers vote in favor of going to war with France.source
1805Burial inside churches was outlawed.Norway source
1805Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saint Mary (Saint Petersburg) builtRussia source
1805Titus Lewis - A Welsh — English Dictionary, Geiriadur Cymraeg a SaesnegWales source
1806January 9 – Lord Nelson is given a state funeral and interment at St Paul's Cathedral in London, attended by the Prince of Wales.source
18069 January – Lord Nelson is given a state funeral and interment at St Paul's Cathedral in London, attended by the Prince of Wales.United Kingdom source
1806May 16 – A British Order in Council of 16 May 1806 declares all ports from Brest (France) to the Elbe to be under a state of blockade by the British Royal Navy.source
180616 May – The Order in Council of 16 May 1806 declares all ports from Brest (France) to the Elbe to be under a state of blockade by the Royal Navy.United Kingdom source
1806July 7 – Cornerstone laid for America's First Cathedral, now known as the Baltimore Basilica. Architect: Benjamin Latrobe.United States source
1806Casgliad o Hymnau gan mwyaf heb erioed eu hargraffu o'r blaen (collection of hymns)Wales source
1806Titus Lewis - A Welsh — English Dictionary, Geiriadur Cymraeg a SaesnegWales source
1806William Richards - Address on the Duration or Perpetuity of Christian Baptism, with some Introductory Hints upon the Subjects and Mode of that OrdinanceWales source
1806Titus Lewis & Joseph Harris (Gomer) - Y Drysorfa EfangylaiddWales source
1807July 13 – With the death of Henry Benedict Stuart, the last Stuart claimant to the throne of the United Kingdom, Jacobitism comes to an effective end.source
180713 July – with the death at Frascati of Cardinal Henry Benedict Stuart, the last Stuart claimant to the British throne, the movement of Jacobitism comes to an effective end.Scotland source
180713 July – With the death at Frascati of Cardinal Henry Benedict Stuart, the last Stuart claimant to the throne, the movement of Jacobitism comes to an effective end.United Kingdom source
1807September 7 – Robert Morrison, the first Protestant missionary to China, arrives in Guangzhou (Canton).source
180722 December – The U.S. Congress passes the Embargo Act, a trade embargo on all foreign nations, largely in response to the British Orders in Council of 1807.United Kingdom source
1807December (approximate) – Welsh Wesleyan preachers make their first visit to Brecon.Wales source
1807Old Karasjok Church was built.Norway source
1807The religious publisher Oliphant, Anderson and Ferrier is established as booksellers Oliphant and Brown by William Oliphant in Edinburgh.Scotland source
1807Anthem y Saint... gan Evan Dafydd (collection of hymns)Wales source
1808January – Christopher Anderson begins missionary work in The Pleasance district of Edinburgh, which will lead to his taking over the Charlotte Chapel.Scotland source
18082 February – French troops occupy Papal States (Vatican).France source
180815 February – Laying of the foundation stone for Nelson's Pillar in Dublin.United Kingdom source
1808April 24 – Irish Dominican R. Luke Concanen is consecrated first bishop of the newly erected Roman Catholic Diocese of New York (appointed April 8) but is unable to sail from Italy to America before his death in 1810 due to restrictions caused by the Napoleonic Wars.United States source
180830 October - William Lort Mansel is consecrated Bishop of Bristol.Wales source
1808The Legislative Assembly of Quebec criticizes the swearing-in of Ezekiel Hart because he is of Jewish faith, and votes his expulsion.Canada source
1808Thomas Kendall applies to the Church Missionary Society to be a missionary/settler in New Zealand.New Zealand source
1809May 17 – Napoleon I of France orders the annexation of the Papal States to the French Empire. When he announces that the Pope's secular power has ended, the Pope excommunicates him.source
1809July 6 – French troops arrest Pope Pius VII, and take him to Liguria.source
1809Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland separates from the Swedish Lutheran churchRussia source
1809Church of the Transfiguration, Yekaterinburg consecratedRussia source
1809The Scottish Bible Society is established as the Edinburgh Bible Society, a missionary organization, by Christopher Anderson.Scotland source
1809Highland Clearances – first commissioner for clearance of the Leveson-Gower family estates in Scotland for sheep farming, William Young, is appointed.Scotland source
1809Zaccheus Davies - Cân am y FarnWales source
1809Henry Parry (editor) Grammatica Britannica, 2nd edition (1st edition by John Davies of Mallwyd)Wales source
1809Edward Davies - The Mythology and Rites of the British DruidsWales source
1809Thomas Evans (Tomos Glyn Cothi) - An English-Welsh Dictionary neu Eir-Lyfr Saesneg a ChymraegWales source
181014 April - James Cotton, precentor of Bangor Cathedral, marries Mary Anne, daughter of Henry Majendie, Bishop of Bangor.Wales source
181024 October - The foundation stone of the Moel Famau Jubilee Tower is laid.Wales source
18105 November - Jean Baptiste Bernadotte is formally adopted by Charles XIII.Sweden source
1810Council of Ministers of RussiaRussia source
1810Edinburgh Theological College founded to train clergy for the Scottish Episcopal Church.Scotland source
1810Johan Olof Wallin inducted to the Swedish Academy.Sweden source
1810Rev. Dr. William Pearson establishes Temple Grove School at East Sheen, perhaps the earliest preparatory school in the country.United Kingdom source
181122 February – Editor Leigh Hunt and his publisher brother John, defended by Henry Brougham, are cleared of seditious libel over a September 1810 article in their newspaper, The Examiner, criticising flogging in the Army.United Kingdom source
181118 June – The Welsh Calvinistic Methodists leave the established Church of England by ordaining their own ministers in Bala, North Wales.United Kingdom source
181119 June - The first Methodist Association for the ordination of new ministers is held at Llandeilo. Thomas Charles plays a leading role. The Presbyterian Church of Wales thus secedes from the Church of England.Wales source
1811July 11 – The Russian Empire removes Anton II, Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia, from his office, placing a Russian-appointed bishop at the head of the Georgian church.source
1811The Kuban Cossack Choir is founded as the Black Sea Host Singing Chorus.Russia source
1811The Kazan Cathedral finishes construction.Russia source
1811The Dutch Reformed congregation in Caledon is established, making it the eighth oldest congregation of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa.South Africa source
1811Thomas Evans (Tomos Glyn Cothi) - Cyfansoddiad o HymnauWales source
1811Thomas Charles - Biblical Dictionary, vol. 4Wales source
18121 January – The Bishop of Durham, Shute Barrington, orders troops from Durham Castle to break up a miners' strike in Chester-le-Street, Co. DurhamUnited Kingdom source
181213 February - The Aurora de Chile prints its first issue.Chile source
1812March – meeting in Edinburgh to discuss formation of the Scottish Widows Fund and Life Assurance Society.Scotland source
1812April 8 – The capital of Finland is moved from Turku to Helsinki, when Russia's Tsar Alexander I signs an edict moving the Government Council of the Grand Duchy of Finland.source
1812The Bishop James Madison Society is founded at the College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia.source
1812Glasgow Bible Society established.Scotland source
1812Baptist Training Union now Wayland Baptist Theological Seminary is founded by Escaped and Free Slaves in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.United States source
1812Princeton Theological Seminary is founded in New Jersey.United States source
1812Benjamin Millingchamp - A Sermon preached at St. Peter's Church, Carmarthen, on Thursday, July 4, 1811Wales source
181324 January – The Philharmonic Society of London is formed, holding its first concert on 8 March.United Kingdom source
1813March 4 – Cyril VI of Constantinople is elected Ecumenical Patriarch.source
181321 July – Doctrine of the Trinity Act provides toleration for Unitarian worship.United Kingdom source
1813The Anglican Bishopric of Calcutta is established, with Thomas Middleton serving as the first bishop.India source
1813A Dutch Reformed Church is established in George.South Africa source
1813Unmarried women of legal majority, "Unmarried maiden, who has been declared of legal majority", are given the right to vote in the sockestämma (local parish council, the predecessor of the communal councils), and the kyrkoråd (church councils).Sweden source
1814March 7: Francisco de la Lastra is elected as the first Supreme Director of Chile.Chile source
1814March 8 – The council sustain their Clerk's refusal to show their minutes to a Committee of the Assembly.Canada source
1814March 9 – The Assembly vote 2,000 pounds, for impeachment of Chief Justices Sewell and Monk. The council will not pass the item.Canada source
1814March 17 – The Assembly resolve that the council's disallowance of a money bill is contrary to English and Canadian usage.Canada source
1814August 7 – Pope Pius VII decrees the bull Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum, reestablishing the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) all over the world, after having approved their survival and existence in Russia.source
1814December 25 – Samuel Marsden of the Church Missionary Society preaches the first sermon in New Zealand, probably in the Māori language, at Oihi.source
181425 December – Marsden preaches the first sermon in New Zealand.New Zealand source
1814William Shaw Mason's A Statistical Account or Parochial Survey of Ireland, drawn up from the communications of the clergy begins publication in Dublin.Ireland source
1814Chapel of St Mary's, designed by James Gillespie Graham, opened in Edinburgh, the origin of St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Roman Catholic).Scotland source
1814The Benedictine monastic community is established at Downside in Somerset.United Kingdom source
18152 January – The Prince Regent divides the Order of the Bath into three classes: the Knights Grand Cross, Knights Commander and Companions.United Kingdom source
1815March 28 – laying of the foundation stone of the Metropolitan Chapel (later known as the Catholic Pro-Cathedral), Marlborough Street, Dublin.Ireland source
181523 May - John Luxmoore replaces William Cleaver as Bishop of St Asaph.Wales source
181510 July: The Icelandic Bible Society was founded.Iceland source
181518 October – The Bible Christian Church, a Wesleyan Methodist denomination, is founded by William O'Bryan in north Devon and Cornwall.United Kingdom source
181526 December – Count of Barca, title createdPortugal source
1815Thomas Kendall has the first book printed in Māori, A korao no New Zealand; or, the New Zealander's first book; being an attempt to compose some lessons for the instruction of the natives, published in Sydney. (see also 1820)New Zealand source
1815Construction of St. Thomas' Church, the first Anglican church in Sri Lanka, commences in Kotahena, Colombo.Sri Lanka source
1816January 6 – (December 25, 1815 on the Russian Julian calendar): Tsar Alexander I of Russia signs an order, expelling the Jesuits from St. Petersburg and Moscow.source
1816March 30–April 11 – In Philadelphia, the African Methodist Episcopal Church is established by Richard Allen and other African-American Methodists, the first such denomination in the U.S. completely independent of White churches.source
1816April 11 – In Philadelphia, the African Methodist Episcopal Church is established by Richard Allen and other African-American Methodists, the first such denomination completely independent of White churches.United States source
181626 May - The Norwegian Bible Society, the oldest interchurch organization in Norway is founded.Norway source
1816June – St. George's Church, Belfast, is opened, the oldest in the city built for the United Church of England and Ireland.Ireland source
1816July 13 – Carl Maria von Weber meets Count Vitzthum von Eckstädt at Carlsbad; the encounter leads to Weber being appointed Kapellmeister at Dresden.Germany source
1816September 3 – Pope Pius VII sends a directive to Stanisław Bohusz Siestrzeńcewicz, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Mohilev, advising Siestrzeńcewicz not to continue the Russian Bible Society's plans to circulate the Scriptures written in the Russian language, commenting that "if the Sacred Scriptures were allowed in the vulgar tongue, more detriment than benefit would arise."source
1816Franz Bopp – Über das Conjugationssystem der Sanskritsprache in Vergleichung mit jenem der griechischen, lateinischen, persischen und germanischen Sprache (On the Conjugation System of Sanskrit in comparison with that of Greek, Latin, Persian and Germanic)Germany source
1816St Andrew's Cathedral, Glasgow, is completed as the city's first post-Reformation Roman Catholic church (architect: James Gillespie Graham).Scotland source
1816In early 1816, Ntsikana Gaba, an influential amaXhosa diviner, converted to Christianity. He renounced his former practices and began holding daily worship services, for which he composed some of the first Christian hymns in the Xhosa language. A visitor from the London Missionary Society, Rev. Joseph Williams, attested in September 1816 that "the man Ntsikana daily meets with a devoted circle for prayer."South Africa source
1816Joseph Harris (Gomer) - Traethawd ar Briodol Dduwdod ein Harglwydd Iesu GristWales source
18177 March – Bible Society of New South Wales is formed.Australia source
1817March 21 – The flag of the Pernambucan Revolt is publicly blessed by the dean of Recife Cathedral, Brazil.source
1817May 27 – The General Convention of the Episcopal Church founds the General Theological Seminary, while meeting in New York City.source
1817May – The General Convention of the Episcopal Church founds the General Theological Seminary while meeting in New York City.United States source
1817November – Thomas Chalmers, in a sermon, appeals for a Christian effort to deal with the social condition of Glasgow.Scotland source
18176 December - Joseph Tregelles Price advertises Neath Abbey ironworks for sale.Wales source
1817The Icelandic Literary Society published their first book which contained Sturlunga saga together with Saga Árna biskups Þorlákssonar.Iceland source
1817Madras Regulation Act 1817 brings temples in Madras Presidency under East India Company.India source
1817St Andrew's Cathedral, Aberdeen, opened as St Andrew's Chapel within the Episcopal Church.Scotland source
1817A Dutch Reformed Church is established in Uitenhage.South Africa source
181817 February – the remains of King Robert the Bruce found at Dunfermline Abbey.Scotland source
1818March 22 – Easter Sunday in Western Christianity falls on its earliest possible date. In Western Christianity, it will not occur on this date again until 2285.source
181831 March - Joseph Tregelles Price and his partners take out a new lease on Neath Abbey ironworks.Wales source
181830 May – Church Building Act makes available £1 million for the construction of new Anglican "Commissioners' churches" to serve the expanding urban population.United Kingdom source
1818August - John Jenkins (Ifor Ceri), parson of Kerry, and Thomas Burgess, Bishop of St David's, agree "to make an attempt to rekindle the bardic skill and ingenuity of the principality ... by holding eisteddfodau in different places in the four provinces".Wales source
1818October 5 – Claudine Thévenet (known as Mary of St. Ignatius) founds the Roman Catholic order Religious of Jesus and Mary in Lyon, France.source
18185 October - Claudine Thévenet (known as Mary of St. Ignatius) founds the Roman Catholic order Religieuses de Jésus-Marie ("Religious of Jesus And Mary") in Lyon.France source
1818Hamburg Temple disputes between branches of Judaism intensify in Germany.source
1818Klausturpósturinn, the first monthly publication to be published in the Icelandic language begins printing at Beitistaðir.Iceland source
1818The Irish Society for Promoting the Education of the Native Irish through the Medium of Their Own Language is founded in Dublin by members of the Church of Ireland, the main movers being Henry Joseph Monck Mason and Bishop Robert Daly.Ireland source
1818Kendall sends a manuscript spelling book of Māori to the Church Missionary Society but Professor Lee raises some doubts over it. (see 1820)New Zealand source
181912 August – Marsden arrives in New Zealand on the General Gates on his second visit accompanied by Butler and James Kemp and their families. Marsden accepts the offer of land at Kerikeri from Hongi Hika to start the second Church Missionary Society mission. Butler will be in charge. He is the first resident ordained clergyman in New Zealand.New Zealand source
1819September – Thomas Chalmers becomes first minister of St John's Parish Church in Glasgow where he puts into practice his model evangelical ideas for alleviating the material and spiritual poverty generated by industrialisation by fostering independence through personal contact, parochial care and the establishment of schools.Scotland source
1819Publication of William Parnell's Maurice and Berghetta, or, the priest of Rahery: a tale anonymously in London.Ireland source
1819Brora distillery is established as "Clynelish" by the Marquess of Stafford at Brora.Scotland source
1819The publisher Collins is founded as a printer of religious literature in Glasgow by William Collins.Scotland source
1819Dutch Reformed Church congregations are founded in Beaufort West and Somerset WestSouth Africa source
1819William Owen Pughe – Coll Gwynfa (translation of Milton's Paradise Lost)Wales source
18203 May – John Joseph Therry and Philip Conolly, the first Catholic priests officially appointed to Australia, arrive at Port Jackson from Ireland.Australia source
18203 June – the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St Mary and St Anne in Cork is largely destroyed by arson.Ireland source
182012 November – Kendall is ordained as a priest by Bowyer Sparke, Bishop of Ely.New Zealand source
1820The oldest known text containing Atla saga Ótryggssonar, one of the sagas of Icelanders, was written.Iceland source
1820The United Secession Church is established as a Presbyterian denomination by union of various churches which have seceded from the established Church of Scotland.Scotland source
1820David Wilkie paints Reading the Will.Scotland source
1820William Probert - Y Gododdin (first English translation)Wales source
1820John Scandrett Harford meets Bishop Thomas Burgess and offers to donate the site of Lampeter Castle for the construction of St David's College.Wales source
1821March 25 (O.S.)/April 6 (N.S.) – Metropolitan bishop Germanos of Patras raises the revolutionary flag of Greece at the Monastery of Agia Lavra (according to oral tradition), symbolically marking the beginning of the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire; later celebrated as Greece's traditional Independence Day.source
1821April 10 (O.S.)/April 22 (N.S.) – Ecumenical Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople is blamed by the Ottoman government for being unable to suppress Greek independence, and is hanged outside the main gate of the Patriarchal Cathedral immediately after the celebration of Pascha.source
182129 October – Governor Macquarie lays foundation stone for first Catholic church in Australia, St Mary's.Australia source
18219 December - The Cementerio General de Santiago is established.Chile source
1821The only two issues of Der Bibel'sche Orient appear in Munich (April 24 and August 12).Germany source
1821Loreto Abbey established by Sisters of Loreto at Rathfarnham.Ireland source
1821The London Missionary Society mission station at Kuruman, Northern Cape is started by Robert MoffatSouth Africa source
1821Joseph Harris (Gomer) – Casgliad o Hymnau (collection of hymns)Wales source
182216 January: Dom Pedro I organizes a ministry formed by only Brazilians, under the leadership of José Bonifácio.Brazil source
1822March – The Noctes Ambrosianae, imaginary colloquies, begin to appear in Blackwood's Magazine (Edinburgh).Scotland source
182213 May: D. Pedro I is acclaimed Perpetual Defender of Brazil by Freemasonry.Brazil source
182219 July – Percy Jocelyn, Anglican Bishop of Clogher, is caught in a compromising position with a young Grenadier Guardsman at a public house in London. He breaks bail and flees England. In October, an Irish ecclesiastical court deprives him of office.Ireland source
1822August 12 – St David's College (the modern-day University of Wales, Lampeter) is founded in Wales by Thomas Burgess, Bishop of St David's.source
182212 August – St David's College (the modern-day University of Wales, Lampeter) is founded by Thomas Burgess, Bishop of St David's.United Kingdom source
182212 August - St David's College (now the University of Wales, Lampeter) is founded by Thomas Burgess, Bishop of St David's.Wales source
1822November 13 – The Congregation of St. Basil is founded in France.source
182224 December – Reverend Archibald Macarthur, Hobart's first Presbyterian minister arrived in Australia and held his first service on 12 January the following year.Australia source
1822The Kerikeri Mission House is completed.New Zealand source
1823January 28 - King Louis XVIII of France announces creation of the Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint LouisSpain source
182316 May – William White and others arrive in the St Michael to reinforce the Wesleyan missionaries in the Bay of Islands.New Zealand source
182318 July – Act for building additional Places of Worship in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland passed.Scotland source
18239 August – Reverend Marsden, in person, delivers the letter sacking Thomas Kendall from the Church Missionary Society. (see 1822)New Zealand source
1823August 16 – Tsar Alexander I of Russia draws up a secret "manifesto", designating his second younger brother Nikolai to succeed him, bypassing Nikolai's older brother, Grand Duke Konstantin. The existence of the manifesto is revealed on Alexander's death in 1825.source
1823September 10 – Simón Bolívar is named dictator of Peru.source
1823September 22 – Joseph Smith first goes to the place near Manchester, New York, where the golden plates are stored, having been directed there by God through an angel (according to what he writes in 1838).source
1823September 28 – Roman Catholic Cardinal Annibale della Genga is elected Pope Leo XII.source
1823December 23 – The poem A Visit From St. Nicholas, attributed to Clement Clarke Moore, is first published.United States source
1823Catholic Association formed by Daniel O'Connell, to further Catholic emancipation.Ireland source
1823London Missionary Society sets up southern Africa's first printing press in Tyhume Valley.South Africa source
1823The Presbyterian Church of Wales draws up a "Confession of Faith" and becomes a separate body.Wales source
1824February 10 – Simón Bolívar is proclaimed dictator of Peru.source
182425 August – The Legislative Council of New South Wales sits for the first time.Australia source
182419 November – Edward Kernan appointed Roman Catholic Bishop of Clogher, in succession to James Murphy, an office he will hold until 1844.Ireland source
1824Steingrímur Jónsson becomes the second Bishop of Iceland, following the death of Geir Vídalín the previous year.Iceland source
1824The Northern Yacht Club, a predecessor of the Royal Northern and Clyde Yacht Club, is established in Rothesay.Scotland source
1824The Dutch Reformed Church holds its first synod.South Africa source
1824Benjamin Jones (P A Môn) – An Elegy on the death of Benjamin B. Jones, the eldest surviving child of B. Jones of HolyheadWales source
1824Major repairs to Bangor Cathedral are begun.Wales source
1824William Owen – Drych Crefyddol yn dangos Dechreuad y Grefydd BrotestanaiddWales source
1825January - Anti-Sacrilege Act, law against blasphemy and sacrilege passed under King Charles X. The law is never applied (except for a minor point).France source
1825February 10 – Simón Bolívar gives up his title of dictator of Peru and takes the alternative title of El Libertador.source
1825May 26 – Two Unitarian Christian bodies, the American Unitarian Association in the United States and the British and Foreign Unitarian Association in the United Kingdom are founded, coincidentally on the same date.source
1825May 29 – The Coronation of Charles X takes place at the historic site of Reims Cathedral, the last coronation of a French monarch.source
182522 June – Sir Walter Scott's "Tales of the Crusaders" The Betrothed and The Talisman are published (as "by the author of Waverley") by Archibald Constable in Edinburgh.Scotland source
18253 December – Van Diemen's Land becomes fully independent from New South Wales. The Legislative Council of Tasmania is established and George Arthur, former Lieutenant-Governor, is promoted as its first Governor.Australia source
182529 December – Bolívar renounces his position and delegates command to Antonio José de Sucre.Bolivia source
1825The National Library was moved to the loft of the newly renovated Reykjavík Cathedral.Iceland source
1825Allan Cunningham edits the anthology The Songs of Scotland, Ancient and Modern.Scotland source
1825Publication of Seren Gomer moves to Carmarthen.Wales source
1826February 11 – Swaminarayan writes the Shikshapatri, an important text within Swaminarayan Hinduism.source
1826Mahmud II's council orders the janissaries to drill in the European manner.source
1826Gold coins denominated as "Frederiks d'Or" (later as "Christians d'Or") are introduced.Denmark source
1826The Bishop of Iceland establishes residency at Laugarnes near Reykjavík.Iceland source
1826Establishment of the Chief of the GendarmesRussia source
1826The Calvinistic Methodist "connexion" produces its Constitutional Deed. It incorporates all property (such as chapels) as the property of the connexion as a whole.Wales source
1827July 14 – The Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu is founded in the Kingdom of Hawaii.source
182731 August – Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich is appointed prime minister following the death of Canning, continuing the Canningite Government as the Goderich Ministry; he will serve for only 144 days.United Kingdom source
182714 September – The Count of Spain is appointed Captain General of Catalonia, replacing the Marquis of Campo Sagrado.Spain source
1827September 22 – Joseph Smith will claim in 1838 that on this day he took the golden plates from the place where they had been stored, and that he began writing down the Book of Mormon from them the following December.source
182728 September – Ferdinand VII arrives in Tarragona and publishes a manifesto from the Archbishop's Palace, calling on the rebels to lay down their arms.Spain source
1827The missionary ship Messenger of Peace is built on Rarotonga by English Congregationalist John Williams to spread Christianity to Samoa and the Society Islands on behalf of the London Missionary Society.source
182719–25 April – public theological debates in Dublin between Revs. R. T. P. Pope (Protestant) and Thomas Maguire (Roman Catholic).Ireland source
1827Amhlaoibh Ó Súilleabháin begins his diary, later published as Cín Lae Amhlaoibh.Ireland source
1827Foundation of Sällskapet för uppmuntran av öm och sedlig modersvård.Sweden source
1827Peroriaeth Hyfryd (collection of hymns including Caersalem by Robert Edwards)Wales source
1827John Jones – An Explanation of the Greek ArticleWales source
18289 May – Sacramental Test Act removes most prohibitions on nonconformists and Catholics holding public office.United Kingdom source
18288 August – William Howley elected as Archbishop of Canterbury (enthroned by proxy 28 August) in succession to Charles Manners-Sutton.United Kingdom source
1828Guangyun Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Cangyuan Va Autonomous County of Yunnan, China. first built in 1828 by the Yunnan governmentChina source
1828In the election in County Clare, Daniel O'Connell wins the seat, with the Catholic Association.Ireland source
1828Ellis Evans - Unoliaeth a Gweledigaeth yr Eglwys, sef, Llythyr Cymanfa Cefn MawrWales source
1828David Saunders (Dafydd Glan Teifi) - Awdl ar Fordaith yr Apostol PaulWales source
1828William Owen (Gwilym Ddu Glan Hafren) - Y Caniedydd Crefyddol (collection of hymn tunes)Wales source
1828John Thomas - Telyn y CantorionWales source
1829March 31 – Pope Pius VIII succeeds Pope Leo XII as the 253rd pope.source
1829April 4 – The Mexican city of Cuautla, Morelos, is founded.source
182913 April – the Roman Catholic Relief Act, granting Catholic emancipation, becomes law, thanks to Daniel O'Connell and the Catholic Association. Roman Catholics are eligible to sit in the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and in the judiciary. However, Forty Shilling Freeholders are disenfranchised by raising the value of the property qualification to vote in county constituencies to ten pounds.Ireland source
1829May 15 – Joseph Smith claims to have received the Aaronic Priesthood from John the Baptist.source
18297 June – C. F. Hansen's new Church of Our Lady in Copenhagen inaugurated after the previous building was destroyed in the British Bombardment of Copenhagen in 1807.Denmark source
182919 June – Adam Oehlenschläger is publicly crowned with laurel by the Swedish poet Esaias Tegner in front of the high altar in Lund Cathedral, as the "Scandinavian King of Song.". The event cements his position as the leading proponent of Romanticism in the region and at the same time heralds the emergence the Scandinavismmovement.Denmark source
182929 September – foundation stone of Tolbooth Church in Edinburgh is laid.Scotland source
182917 November – Jules de Polignac becomes president of the council of ministers.France source
182924 November - The Ecclesiastical Courts Act, 1829, is passed, largely at the instigation of Sir John Nicholl.Wales source
182929 November – Alfred Nesbitt Brown arrives in Paihia. He is the third ordained minister in New Zealand.New Zealand source
1829Ellis Evans - Arddangosiad Syml o Syniadau Gwahaniaethol, neu Egwyddorion Priodol, y Bedyddwyr CrediniolWales source
1830February 23 - William Carey becomes Bishop of St Asaph.Wales source
1830February – first Roman Catholics take their seats in the House of Commons at Westminster, among them Daniel O'Connell (for County Clare) and Richard More O'Ferrall (Kildare).Ireland source
1830March 26 – The Book of Mormon, subtitled "An Account Written by the Hand of Mormon, Upon Plates Taken from the Plates of Nephi", is first published, with E. B. Grandin printing the original edition in Palmyra, New York.source
1830April 6 – Joseph Smith and five others organize the Church of Christ (later renamed the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints), the first formally organized church of the Latter Day Saint movement, in northwestern New York.source
183027 May – Rev. Alexander Duff arrives in Calcutta as the Church of Scotland's first missionary to India.Scotland source
183024 June – Last person to stand in the pillory in England, Peter Bosse, for perjury.United Kingdom source
1830September 15 – Porfirio Díaz, 29th President of Mexico (died 1915 in France)Mexico source
183025 November – Étienne-Modeste Glorieux founds the fraternity in Ronse that would eventually become the Brothers of Our Lady of LourdesBelgium source
1830Magin Catalá – Franciscan missionary in Santa Clara, CaliforniaMexico source
1830Ellis Evans - Anogaeth i Athrawon ac Athrawesau ein Hysgolion SabotholWales source
1831February 2 – Pope Gregory XVI succeeds Pope Pius VIII, as the 254th pope.source
18313 February – Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours, elected king of the Belgians but declined the honour.Belgium source
1831February–March – Revolts in Modena, Parma and the Papal States are put down by Austrian troops.source
18311 August – the Roman Catholic St Thomas's Church, Keith, is opened for worship.Scotland source
1831August 7 – American Baptist minister William Miller preaches his first sermon on the Second Advent of Christ in Dresden, New York, launching the Advent Movement in the United States.source
183123 October – George Joseph Plunket Browne is consecrated as first Bishop of the new Roman Catholic Diocese of Galway, created by the Holy See following abolition of the Wardenship of Galway (Edmund Ffrench being the last Warden).Ireland source
183125 December – John Guard Junior baptised in Sydney. (see above)New Zealand source
1831December – First meeting in England of the Plymouth Brethren, organised primarily by George Wigram, Benjamin Wills Newton and John Nelson Darby.United Kingdom source
1831The house which will eventually contain Abbey Road Studios is built in the St John's Wood district of London.United Kingdom source
1831Autumn – Y Drysorfa, a Calvinistic Methodist publication, restarts under the editorship of John Parry.Wales source
1831John Evans (I. D. Ffraid) – Hanes yr IddewonWales source
1832February 9 – The city of Jacksonville, Florida receives its town charter from the legislative council of Florida Territory.United States source
18328 April – Engelbert Sterckx consecrated as Archbishop of MechelenBelgium source
18324 July – University of Durham is founded by Act of Parliament at the instigation of the authorities of the city's cathedral.United Kingdom source
1832August 7 – William Howley, Archbishop of Canterbury, has his coach attacked by an angry mob on his first official visit to Canterbury because of his opposition to the Reform Act in the United Kingdom.source
18327 August – William Howley, Archbishop of Canterbury, has his coach attacked by an angry mob on his first official visit to Canterbury because of his opposition to the Great Reform Act.United Kingdom source
1832September – a Jewish burial ground is established on part of the site that will shortly become Glasgow Necropolis.Scotland source
1832Weimar Classicism ends with death of Johann Wolfgang von GoetheGermany source
1832Edinburgh City Mission is established by David Nasmith.Scotland source
1832The first temperance society in Wales is founded at Holyhead.Wales source
18336 February – His Royal Highness Prince Otto Friedrich Ludwig of Bavaria assumes the title His Majesty Othon the First, by the Grace of God, King of Greece, Prince of Bavaria.Germany source
1833February 16 – The United States Supreme Court hands down its landmark decision of Barron v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore.source
183316 May – James Busby meets 22 leading chiefs at Paihia and reads them a message from King William IV.New Zealand source
1833May – the final revised edition of The Poetical Works of Sir Walter Scott, Bart, edited by Scott's son-in-law J. G. Lockhart, begins publication.Scotland source
1833July 14 – At Oxford University, John Keble preaches a sermon against the Church Temporalities (Ireland) Act 1833. Keble's sermon, published afterwards published as National Apostasy, is traditionally considered as the beginning of the Oxford Movement of High Church Anglicans.source
183314 July – John Keble preaches a sermon on "National Apostasy" (in part a protest against the Church Temporalities (Ireland) Act 1833), launching the Oxford Movement within the Church of England.United Kingdom source
1833August – Mount Melleray Abbey in the Knockmealdown Mountains is founded, the first Cistercian foundation in Ireland in modern times.Ireland source
18338 September – First Daughters of the Cross make their vows (founder Marie Thérèse Haze).Belgium source
1833December 15: José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva is suspended from his duties as Dom Pedro II's tutor and is replaced by the Marquis of Itanhaém by decree.Brazil source
1833Madras College in St Andrews, Scotland.source
1833Isaac Williams becomes Dean of Trinity College, Oxford.Wales source
1834January – King William IV appoints an arbitrator to settle questions regarding customs dues between the Canadas.Canada source
183430 May - Extinction of religious orders by D. Pedro and his minister Joaquim António de AguiarPortugal source
183410 June – Belgian bishops announce plans to establish a Catholic University (later to become Catholic University of Leuven).Belgium source
183426 December – Ursulines of Jesus take up residence at St Margaret’s Convent in the Whitehouse in Edinburgh, the first Roman Catholic convent established in Scotland since the Reformation; it will be another 5 years before the first such modern establishment in England.Scotland source
1834The turf-roofed church at Víðimýri in Varmahlíð is constructed.Iceland source
1834The establishment of the Anglican mission at Te Papa peninsula, Tauranga, is begun late in the year.New Zealand source
1834John Humffreys Parry - The Cambrian Plutarch: Comprising Memoirs of Some of the Most Eminent WelshmenWales source
183510 May – Gaspard-Joseph Labis becomes bishop of Tournai.Belgium source
1835May 11 – Matua, High Priest (taura tupua) of the Polynesian island of Mangareva, is baptized into the Roman Catholic Church.source
183523 May – Viscount of Torre de Moncorvo, a title created by Queen Maria II as a barony by decreePortugal source
183529 May – the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland confirms the Veto Act which allows a majority of heads of families to exclude a presentee from a parish, legislation which is subsequently ruled as invalid.Scotland source
1835July 14 – The universal Catholic Apostolic Church is organized, initially in the U.K.source
1835August – H. Fox Talbot exposes the world's first known photographic negatives, at Lacock Abbey in England.source
183513 September - John Bede Polding, the first Catholic bishop in Australia, arrives in Sydney.Australia source
183515 November – Weobley in Herefordshire is the site of the consecration of the first Roman Catholic chapel in England since the Reformation.United Kingdom source
1835David Strauss begins publication of Das Leben Jessu, kritisch bearbeitet ("The life of Jesus, critically examined") in Tübingen.source
1835Pedro Patiño Ixtolinque, sculptor who worked on the Puebla Cathedral and the Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral (born 1774)Mexico source
1835The Anglican mission at Te Papa peninsula, Tauranga, opens. (see also 1837 & 1838)New Zealand source
1835Y Fwyalchen (poetry anthology)Wales source
1836January – Book by Maria Monk claims that she was sexually exploited in a Canadian conventCanada source
1836March 27 – The Kirtland Temple, the first Mormon temple, is dedicated by Joseph Smith Jr. in Kirtland, Ohio.source
18364 April – Daniel O'Connell gives a speech on "Justice for Ireland".Ireland source
18365 July – Main provisions of the Durham (County Palatine) Act 1836 (passed 21 June) come into effect: the previous secular jurisdiction of the Prince-bishop of Durham over the County Palatine of Durham is vested in the Crown and the Court of the County of Durham is abolished; an Act of 17 August also removes secular jurisdictions of the Archbishop of York and Bishop of Ely.United Kingdom source
1836July 29 – The Arc de Triomphe, is dedicated in Paris, France.source
18367 August – St Andrew's Cathedral, Dundee (Roman Catholic) opened.Scotland source
1836August 30 – The settlement of Houston, Texas is founded.source
183631 October – Provincial Council of Hainaut approves the foundation of the École des Mines de Mons.Belgium source
1836October – Lord Gosford informs Parliament of the purposes of the Commission and of the intended changes. He exhorts members to be conciliatory, saying: "Consider the blessings you might enjoy, but for your dissensions. Offspring, as you are, of the two foremost nations of the earth, you hold a vast and beautiful country, having a fertile soil, with a healthful climate, while the noblest river in the world makes seaports of your remote havens."Canada source
1836The first printed literature in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic is produced by Justin Perkins, an American Presbyterian missionary in Persia.source
1836The first printed literature in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic is produced by Justin Perkins, an American Presbyterian missionary.United States source
1836Samuel Prideaux Tregelles - Passages in the Old Testament connected with the RevelationWales source
1837March 1 – The Congregation of Holy Cross is formed in Le Mans, France, by the signing of the Fundamental Act of Union, which legally joins the Auxiliary Priests of Blessed Basil Moreau, CSC, and the Brothers of St. Joseph (founded by Jacques-François Dujarié) into one religious association.source
183719 July – The first missionaries sent abroad by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints land from the United States at Liverpool. On 30 July, apostle Heber C. Kimball baptises the first English converts (George D. Watt and 8 others) in the River Ribble near Preston, Lancashire.United Kingdom source
1837November 20 – The Prussian king has Clemens August Droste zu Vischering, archbishop of Cologne, arrested over differences concerning the treatment of mixed protestant-catholic marriages. The archbishop remains in custody for over a year.source
183728 December – Pastoral letter of Belgian bishops deprecates Catholic membership of masonic lodges.Belgium source
1837The Roman Catholic Bishop Lartigue, of Montreal, preaches obedience to authority, as a cardinal rule of the Church.Canada source
1837B. S. Ingemann publishes Morgensange for Børn with seven morning songs for children as well as Foraarssang ("Storken sidder paa Bondens Tag;"),Denmark source
1837At Le Mans, Father Basil Moreau founds the Congregation of Holy Cross, by joining the Brothers of St. Joseph and the Auxiliary Priests of Le Mans.France source
1837A decree on New Year's day moved administrative control of the Russian Greek Catholic Church from Russia's interior ministry to the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church's chief procurator. This would set the stage for full union two years laterRussia source
1837Major reconstruction of Dornoch Cathedral by William Burn for the Duchess of Sutherland is completed.Scotland source
1837Robert Edwards – Caersalem (hymn tune), published in Peroriaeth HyfrydWales source
1838June 28 – The coronation of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom takes place at Westminster Abbey in London.source
183828 June – The Coronation of Queen Victoria takes place at Westminster Abbey. However, Lord Melbourne denies her the traditional medieval banquet due to budget constraints and critics refer to it as "The Penny Crowning". The Imperial State Crown is remade for her.United Kingdom source
1838Biblical criticism: Christian Hermann Weisse proposes the two-source hypothesis.source
1838Undated - Five nuns from the Religious Sisters of Charity in Ireland became the first women of religion to set foot on Australian soil.Australia source
1838Hólavallagarður cemetery is consecrated.Iceland source
1838Afghan Church founded in MumbaiIndia source
1838Foundation of a temperance society in Cork known as the Knights of Father Mathew by Theobald Mathew, a capuchin friar.Ireland source
1838Three Gisborne Māori, having had Christian instruction in the Bay of Islands, return as catechists.New Zealand source
1838Royal Scottish Academy is granted its Royal charter.Scotland source
1838Lady Charlotte Guest begins publication of her translation into English of the Mabinogion.Wales source
18398 January – By Roual Order of 8 January 1738, sletdaler (coin) is replaced by the kurantdaler (= 4 mark à 16 skilling).Denmark source
1839July 1 – Abdülmecid I (1839–1861) succeeds Mahmud II (1808–1839) as Ottoman Emperor.source
1839Episcopal High School (Alexandria, Virginia) is founded in Alexandria, Virginia, as the first high school in Virginia.source
1839Bishop Hodges Higher Secondary School is establishedIndia source
1839The cornerstone for St. Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata is laidIndia source
1839St. Paul's Church, Landour is establishedIndia source
1839An Anglican mission station is established at Ōtaki by Reverend Octavius Hadfield.New Zealand source
1839Sisters of Mercy establish the first native Roman Catholic convent in England since the Reformation, at Bermondsey in London.United Kingdom source
1839date unknown – Sir Thomas Frankland Lewis resigns as chairman of the Poor Law Commission, to be replaced by his son, George Cornewall Lewis.Wales source
1839Maria James – Wales and other PoemsWales source
184014 January – the first known baptisms by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Scotland take place in the River Clyde at Bishopton when Samuel Mulliner, a Scot who joined the church in Canada, baptizes Alexander and Jessie Hay. In May, Orson Pratt preaches from Arthur's Seat in Edinburgh.Scotland source
184016 January – The funeral of Frederick VI of Denmark takes place at Roskilde Cathedral.Denmark source
18405 May - Thomas Carlyle gives the first lecture in the series On Heroes, Hero Worship and the Heroic in History.United Kingdom source
18405 June - Joseph Brown is appointed Vicar Apostolic of the Roman Catholic District of Wales, being consecrated as a bishop on 28 October.Wales source
1840July 1 - Establishment of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of La Serena and the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Carlos de AncudChile source
184028 July – first permanent presence of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Ireland when Mormon missionaries John Taylor, William Black and James McGuffie arrive to work in the Newry, Lisburn and Belfast areas. On 31 July Thomas Tait becomes the first convert baptised in Ireland, at Loughbrickland.Ireland source
1840Our Lady of Lourdes Church, Tiruchirappalli, is consecrated in Tamil NaduIndia source
1840St Peter's School, the first Catholic school in New Zealand, opened in Kororāreka.New Zealand source
184128 May – seven church ministers of the Presbytery of Strathbogie are removed from their posts by the General assembly of the Church of Scotland for obeying civil rather than ecclesiastical law.Scotland source
184121 June – St. Chad's Cathedral, Birmingham is dedicated as a Roman Catholic church.United Kingdom source
1841July 18 – The sixth bishop of Calcutta, Daniel Wilson, and Dr. James Taylor, Civil Surgeon at Dhaka, establish the first modern educational institution on the Indian subcontinent, Dhaka College. — Sundaysource
184127 September: Foundation of a school for Catholic boys, the first school in Auckland.New Zealand source
18411 November – Daniel O'Connell is elected as the first Roman Catholic Lord Mayor of Dublin in centuries.Ireland source
1841Jean Baptiste De Baets, St. Stefanus, GhentBelgium source
1841Loreto Sisters come to India and build schoolsIndia source
1841En modig qvinnas händelserika lefnad, Antecknad av Henne Sjelf by Anna CarlströmSweden source
1841Founding of Bala-Bangor Congregational College.Wales source
1842February – J. H. Newman, the controversial Anglican cleric, withdraws to Littlemore, outside Oxford, and establishes a semi-monastic community, "the house of the Blessed Virgin Mary at Littlemore".United Kingdom source
1842March 17 – The Female Relief Society of Nauvoo, forerunner to the philanthropic and educational women's organization of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) is formally organized.source
1842May – the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland makes a "Claim of Rights" (drafted by Alexander Colquhoun-Stirling-Murray-Dunlop) asserting the church's independence of state control in spiritual matters.Scotland source
1842Michael Alexander takes office, as the first appointee to the Anglican-German Bishopric in Jerusalem.source
1842American medical student William E. Clarke of Berkshire Medical College becomes the first person to administer an inhaled anesthetic, to facilitate a surgical procedure. After Clarke uses a towel and ether to anesthetize a patient identified as "Miss Hobbie", Dr. Elijah Pope pulls her tooth.source
1842Dzogchen Monastery, in Sichuan, China, is almost completely destroyed by an earthquake.source
1842The Norwegian Missionary Society was founded in Stavanger.Norway source
1842A Calvinistic Methodist mission to "the Welsh people in France" is established by Rev James Williams and his wife in Brittany.Wales source
1842Missionary Thomas Jones produces his first Khasi Reader and his translation of a Welsh-language work Rhodd Mam ("A Mother's Gift") into the Khasi language.Wales source
1843January 20 – Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná is appointed by the Emperor, Dom Pedro, as the leader of the Brazilian Council of Ministers, although the office of Prime Minister of Brazil will not be officially created until 1847.source
1843March 21 – The world does not end, contrary to the first prediction by American preacher William Miller.source
1843March 21 — Guadalupe Victoria, 1st President of Mexico (born 1786)Mexico source
184322 April: The Southern Cross publishes its first issue. The Auckland-based newspaper publishes weekly, with a hiatus in 1845–1847, and from 1862 daily when it will also change its name to The Daily Southern Cross. It will eventually merge with The New Zealand Herald in 1876.New Zealand source
1843May 18 – In Edinburgh, the Free Church of Scotland is disrupted from the Church of Scotland.source
184318 May – the Disruption of the Church of Scotland takes place. Construction of the Triple Kirks in Aberdeen begins.Scotland source
1843September 4 – Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil marries Dona Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies, in a state ceremony in Rio de Janeiro Cathedral.source
1843October 3 – Elling Eielsen is ordained as the first Norwegian Lutheran minister in the United States.source
1843October 13 – In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found B'nai B'rith, the oldest Jewish service organization in the world.United States source
1843December 9 – Bishop's University is founded as Bishop's College by Bishop George Jehoshaphat Mountain in Lennoxville, Quebec, for the education of members of the Church of England.source
1843December 9 – Bishop's University is founded.Canada source
1843Anglican diocese of Shanghai established after Rev. William Jones Boone appointed Bishop in ShanghaiChina source
1843St. Nicholas Cossack CathedralRussia source
1843Llewelyn Lewellin becomes Dean of St David's.Wales source
18441 January – Australia's first ringing peal rang from the bells of St Mary's Cathedral, SydneyAustralia source
18441 January – Royal decree establishes spelling rules for Dutch in Belgium.Belgium source
1844March 21 – The Baháʼí calendar begins.source
1844May 23 – Persian prophet The Báb privately announces his revelation to Mullá Husayn, just after sunset, founding the Bábí faith (later evolving into the Baháʼí Faith as the Báb intended) in Shiraz, Persia (modern-day Iran). Contemporaneously, on this day in nearby Tehran, is the birth of `Abdu'l-Bahá; the eldest Son of Bahá'u'lláh, Prophet-Founder of the Baháʼí Faith. The Báb's mission is to proclaim He whom God shall make manifest. `Abdu'l-Bahá Himself is later proclaimed by Bahá'u'lláh to be His own successor, thus being the third "central figure" of the Baháʼí Faith.source
1844August 8 – During a meeting held in Nauvoo, Illinois, the Quorum of the Twelve, headed by Brigham Young, is chosen as the leading body of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.source
1844August 16 – Narciso Claveria, Governor-General of the Philippines, makes a decree announcing that Monday, December 30, 1844, will be immediately followed by Wednesday, January 1, 1845. (Tuesday, December 31, 1844, is removed from the Philippine calendar because since 1521 the country has been one day behind its Asian neighbors.)source
1844October 22 – This second date predicted by the Millerites for the Second Coming of Jesus (and said to be 6,000 years from creation, relating them to the 6 days of creation, using a day-for-a-year bible principle, with which they proved that the 1,000 years of rest in heaven with God would total to 7,000 years, indicating the completion of creation in the beginning, which make 7 days, but the 7th day is for rest, same as the 7,000th year is for rest in heaven), leads to the Great Disappointment. The Seventh-day Adventist Church believes this date to be the starting point of the Investigative judgment, just prior to the Second Coming of Jesus, as declared in the 26th of 28 fundamental doctrines of Seventh-day Adventists.source
1844October 22 – The Great Disappointment: Millerites (including future members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church) find that the Second Coming of Jesus does not occur as predicted by preacher William Miller.United States source
1844October 23 – The Báb is publicly proclaimed to be the promised one of Islam (the Qá'im, or Mahdi). He is also considered to be simultaneously the return of Elijah, John the Baptist and the "Ushídar-Máh" referred to in the Zoroastrian scriptures. He announces to the world the coming of "He whom God shall make manifest". He is considered the forerunner of Bahá'u'lláh – the founder of the Baháʼí Faith – whose claims include being the return of Jesus.source
184415 December – Saint Malachy's Church, Belfast is dedicated by Dr William Crolly, Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland.Ireland source
1844The Free Church Institution is established by Reverend Alexander Duff in Calcutta, India. This is later merged with the General Assembly's Institution to form the Scottish Church College, one of the pioneering institutions that ushers in the Bengali Renaissance.source
1844Belgian Pontifical College establishedBelgium source
1844Rabbinical Conference of BrunswickGermany source
184421 & 27 August – Consecration of two new major urban Roman Catholic churches, both designed by Augustus Pugin, which will in the 1850s be elevated to cathedral status: St Mary's Church, Newcastle upon Tyne and St Barnabas Church, Nottingham. (In October, Pugin occupies The Grange, Ramsgate, a house designed for himself which is influential in the development of domestic Gothic Revival architecture.)United Kingdom source
1844Rowland Prichard - Cyfaill y Cantorion (The Singer's Friend)Wales source
184512 March – St John the Baptist Church in Reid Canberra is consecrated.Australia source
184526 March – Sisterhood of the Holy Cross ('Park Village Community') established as the first Anglican sisterhood, to minister to the poor of St Pancras, London.United Kingdom source
1845October 9 – The eminent and controversial Anglican, John Henry Newman, is received into the Roman Catholic Church.source
1845December 5 – The Templars of Honor and Temperance is founded in the United States.United States source
1845The Ancient and Accepted Rite for England and Wales and its Districts and Chapters Overseas is founded in Freemasonry.source
1845Hobart Synagogue building is completed in Hobart, Tasmania.Australia source
1845Ole Andres Olsen, Seventh-day Adventist minister and administrator (died 1915)Norway source
1845Tolbooth Kirk, Edinburgh, designed by James Gillespie Graham and Augustus Pugin, is completed as a church and General Assembly hall (Victoria Hall) for the Church of Scotland in the Royal MileScotland source
1845The Berlin Mission Society establishes a mission station at PnielSouth Africa source
1845Halkyn-born Mormon missionary Dan Jones returns to Wales from the United States to proselytise for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.Wales source
184621 March – Achel Priory founded as a filiation from Westmalle Abbey.Belgium source
1846June 16 – Pope Pius IX succeeds Pope Gregory XVI as the 255th pope. He will reign for 31½ years (the longest definitely confirmed).source
184628 June: The Church of Sweden Härnösand Cathedral is inaugurated.Sweden source
1846November 9 – Pope Pius IX issues the encyclical Qui pluribus, in response to the growing trend of agnosticism among intellectuals in Europe.source
1846Undated – Launceston Synagogue is consecrated.Australia source
1846Helgi G. Thordersen becomes the third Bishop of Iceland, following the death of Steingrímur Jónsson the previous year.Iceland source
1846A wealthy landowner, Nikolai Bakhmetev, constructs a stone church, which would eventually be built into the Annunciation Monastery (Tolyatti) in Samara OblastRussia source
1846New College, Edinburgh, opens its doors as a theological training college for the Free Church of Scotland.Scotland source
1846Agapemone, a Christian sect and community, is founded by Rev. Henry Prince at Spaxton, Somerset.United Kingdom source
1846Halkyn-born Mormon missionary Dan Jones becomes mission president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Wales, concentrating the church's efforts around Merthyr Tydfil, publishing (from July) the Welsh language monthly Prophwyd y Jubili and also the tract Hanes Saint y Dyddiau Diweddaf.Wales source
1847May – The congregations of the United Secession Church unite with most of those of the Relief Church to form the United Presbyterian Church.Scotland source
1847July 24 – After 17 months of travel, Brigham Young leads 148 Mormon pioneers into Salt Lake Valley, resulting in the establishment of Salt Lake City in what becomes Utah.source
184716 September – The Band of Hope is established to promote teetotalism among young people by Rev. Jabez Tunnicliff in Leeds.United Kingdom source
184727 September – Premonstratensians return to Postel Abbey.Belgium source
1847December 14 – Emily Brontë and Anne Brontë publish Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey, respectively, in a 3-volume set under the pen names of Ellis Bell and Acton Bell in England.source
184728 December - Augustus Short, the first Anglican bishop of Adelaide, South Australia arrives from England.Australia source
1847The Presbyterian Church of England founded and resolved to establish a mission in China. The Rev. William Chalmers Burns went first to Hong Kong and then to AmoyChina source
1847Robert Gray is ordained as the first Bishop of Cape Town in Westminster Abbey, London.South Africa source
1847John Mills (Ieuan Glan Alarch) - Y Salmydd EglwysigWales source
1847Morris Williams (Nicander) - Llyfr yr HomiliauWales source
1848February 17 – John Bird Sumner is nominated as Archbishop of Canterbury.source
18481 March – Pro-republic forces overthrow the Council of State of the Canton of Neuchatel, declare the Canton a republicSwitzerland source
1848March 4 – The so-called Great Ministry of Robert Baldwin and Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine begins.Canada source
184817 March - Poem In Kümmernis und Dunkelheit was written in London by German poet Ferdinand Freiligrath.Germany source
184825 March – Nicolai Wergeland, priest, writer and politician (born 1780).Norway source
1848April 29 – Pope Pius IX publishes an allocution announcing his refusal to support Piedmont-Sardinia in its war with Austria, and dispelling hopes that he might serve as ruler of a pan-Italian republic. The allocution, by which Pius is seen to withdraw his moral support for the Italian unification movement, is a key first step in the soon-to-be crushing reaction against the revolutions of 1848.source
1848May 7 - establishment of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Porto Alegre as the Diocese of São Pedro do Rio Grande.Brazil source
1848June 2–12 – The Prague Slavic Congress brings together members of the Pan-Slavism movement.source
1848November 24 – Pope Pius IX flees Rome in disguise for Naples.source
1848Guillaume Geefs's Le génie du mal installed in Liège CathedralBelgium source
1848In January 1848, God-Worshipping Society leader, Feng Yunshan was arrested and banished to Guangdong by the local authorities.China source
1848The Reverend Isaac Hughes founds a mission station on the farm Backhouse, near the confluence of the Orange and Vaal rivers, which later develops into the town Douglas.South Africa source
1849January 21 – General elections are held in the Papal States.source
184926 February – Halkyn-born Mormon missionary Dan Jones embarks with 249 Welsh converts to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints bound for Salt Lake City from Liverpool.Wales source
1849April 7 – A large fire engulfs Toronto's downtown section. Started at 1 a.m. of an unknown cause, it started behind a tavern in the market section catching some hay then spread rapidly before destroying numerous buildings, including St. James cathedral. Flames could be seen from across Lake Ontario at St. Catharines, 40 km distant.Canada source
18491 May – Jean-Baptiste Malou consecrated as bishop of BrugesBelgium source
1849June 6 – The settlement of Fort Worth, Texas, is founded.source
18491 November – Alfred Ollivant becomes Bishop of Llandaff.Wales source
1849Jianmoda Monastery built in modern QinghaiChina source
1849Ryvarden Lighthouse was established.Norway source
1849Diocesan College (Bishops) is founded in Rondebosch, Cape Town by Robert Gray (bishop of Cape Town).South Africa source
1849The first Jewish Congregation is founded in Cape Town.South Africa source
185026 January – The Irish Exile, a weekly newspaper, starts publishing in Hobart by Patrick O'Donoghue: aimed mainly at fellow Irish prisoners and deportees.Australia source
1850June 3 – Traditional date of Kansas City, Missouri's founding: it is incorporated by Jackson County, Missouri as the "Town of Kansas".United States source
185025 July – Scourmont Priory establishedBelgium source
1850September 13 – Piz Bernina, the highest summit of the eastern Alps, is first ascended.source
1850September 29 – Papal bull Universalis Ecclesiae: The Catholic hierarchy is re-established in England and Wales, by Pope Pius IX and future Pope Pius X.source
185029 September – By the Bull Universalis Ecclesiae, Pope Pius IX recreates the Roman Catholic hierarchy in England and Wales, which had become extinct with the death of the last Marian bishop in the reign of Elizabeth I, a move held by many Protestants to constitute "papal aggression". Nicholas Wiseman is appointed first Archbishop of Westminster and elevated to Cardinal. He issues a pastoral letter, From Without the Flaminian Gate, and on 21 November is enthroned in St George's Cathedral, Southwark.United Kingdom source
1850The first portion of the Oudh Bequest is transferred from Oudh State in the British Raj to the Shia Islam holy cities of Najaf and Karbala, in Persia.source
1850Pope Pius IX returns from exile to Rome.source
1850Jan August Hendrik Leys, Divine Service in HollandBelgium source
1850The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Sweden is established in Sweden.Sweden source
1850'Elen Egryn' (Elin Evans) – Telyn Egryn (poems)Wales source
1850Morris Williams (Nicander) – Y PsalmwyrWales source
185111 January: The Otago Witness begins publication. It publishes fortnightly until August, and then weekly until its demise in 1932.New Zealand source
18519 March – Robert Eden is consecrated as first Bishop of Moray and Ross in the Scottish Episcopal Church, an office he will hold until his death in 1886.Scotland source
18516 April – Henry Edward Manning is received into the Roman Catholic Church.United Kingdom source
1851April 20 – Ramón Castilla loses power in Peru.source
1851The first Mormons in Iceland, Thorarinn Thorason (or Hafliðason) and Guðmundur Guðmundsson were baptized in 1851 under the direction of Erastus Snow.Iceland source
1851Dadabhai Naoroji foundesthe Rahnumae Mazdayasne Sabha (Guides on the Mazdayasne Path) on 1 AugustIndia source
1851Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hyderabad established as Apostolic Vicariate of Hyderabad from the Apostolic Vicariate of MadrasIndia source
1851John Blackwell (Alun) – Ceinion Alun (posthumously published)Wales source
1851Thomas Jones (Gogrynwr) – Gweddi Habacuc (cantata)Wales source
1852February 15 – The Helsinki Cathedral (known as St. Nicholas' Church at time) is officially inaugurated in Helsinki, Finland.source
1852March 4 – Phi Mu sorority is founded in Macon, Georgia.source
18523 April – Henrik Reuterdahl is appointed the Minister of Education and Ecclesiastical Affairs.Sweden source
1852August 23 – Boston missionary Reverend Benjamin Galen Snow lands on the island of Kosrae in the Caroline Islands (Micronesia) first to bring the gospel to the island.source
1852August – Halkyn-born Mormon missionary Dan Jones begins his second (4-year) mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Wales. He also oversees translation of the Book of Mormon into the Welsh language.Wales source
18527 November – Théodore de Montpellier consecrated as bishop of Liège in succession to Cornelius van Bommel.Belgium source
185218 November – The State Funeral of the Duke of Wellington takes place at St Paul's CathedralUnited Kingdom source
1852Colonial Bishops Act (British statute)India source
1852At the second election for the Council of the Borough of Auckland insufficient councillors are elected and the Council ceases functioning.New Zealand source
1852Kirkcaldy High School established as Kirkcaldy Burgh School.Scotland source
1852Loyola College in Maryland is chartered as a Jesuit institution in Baltimore.United States source
1853Mary Ann Shadd becomes the first woman in North America to become editor of a newspaper. Working out of Chatham, Ontario, she publishes, edits and writes in the Provincial Freeman, a newspaper serving the Black community in Ontario.Canada source
1853Thomas Rowland — Welsh GrammarWales source
1853John Mills (Ieuan Glan Alarch) — British JewsWales source
1853Isaac Williams — Sermons on the Epistles and Gospels for the Sundays and Holy DaysWales source
1853Two Welsh translations of Uncle Tom's Cabin are published: Caban F'Ewyrth Twm by Hugh Williams (Cadfan) and (an abridged version) Crynodeb o Gaban ‘Newyrth Tom by (probably) Thomas Levi (or William Williams) under the pen-name Y Lefiad.Wales source
185415 June – Cuddesdon College is inaugurated by Samuel Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford, as a diocesan Anglican seminary.United Kingdom source
1854December 9 – Pope Pius IX in the apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus defines ex Cathedra the dogma of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the Blessed Virgin Mary was conceived without original sin.source
1854St. Joseph's Academy for Young Ladies, later to be known as St. Joseph's College School, was founded by the Sisters of St. Joseph of Toronto.Canada source
1854Woodstock School, a Christian, international, co-educational, residential school located in Landour, a small hill station contiguous with the town of Mussoorie, Uttarakhand, was establishedIndia source
1854Nathan Brown, an American missionary, published খ্রীষ্টৰ বিবৰণ আৰু শুভ বাৰ্তা, Jesus Christ and his Holy MessagesIndia source
1854Quarrel between Tenant League and Archbishop Cullen; League appeals to Rome.Ireland source
1854The free church of Anna Johansdotter Norbäck is separated from the state church.Sweden source
1854The fables of Jean Jacques Porchat are reissued under the new title Fables et parabolesSwitzerland source
1854Samuel Prideaux Tregelles — Account of the Printed Text of the New TestamentWales source
185525 February – The steamship Morna is wrecked off North Bishop Rock, with the loss of 21 lives.Wales source
185528 February – Society of the Holy Cross (SSC) established as an association of Anglo-Catholic priests with a mission to the urban poor under the mastership of Charles Lowder.United Kingdom source
185522 August – The Roman Catholic St Mary's Cathedral, Killarney, is consecrated.Ireland source
1855Emile De Cauwer, Church InteriorBelgium source
1855Rani Rashmoni funded construction of the Dakshineswar Kali Temple in Dakshineswar near KolkataIndia source
1855St Paul's Cathedral, Dundee, completed as an Episcopal church.Scotland source
1855The London School of Jewish Studies opens as the Jews' College, a rabbinical seminary, in London.United Kingdom source
1855John Jones (Talhaiarn) – Gwaith Talhaiarn, vol. 1Wales source
18567 May - The Swedish Evangelical Mission is established.,Sweden source
185624 June – Haldor Johan Hanson, Norwegian-American hymn writer, publisher and author. (died 1929)Norway source
185627 June – Royal order institutes a committee to examine Flemish language grievances.Belgium source
1856July 31 – Christchurch, New Zealand, is chartered as a city.source
1856September 1 – Seton Hall University is founded in South Orange, New Jersey, by the first bishop of the Diocese of Newark, James Roosevelt Bayley, a cousin of future U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt and nephew of the first American-born Catholic saint, Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton. Seton Hall University is the oldest and largest Catholic diocesan university in the United States and the first institution named in honor of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton.source
1856September 1 – Seton Hall University is founded by Archdiocese of Newark Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley, a cousin of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt and nephew of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton.United States source
1856St. Paul's School, Belgaum, is founded by the Jesuits in Belgaum, India.source
1856Formation of the British Methodist Episcopal Church (BME), an all Black church.Canada source
1856The Appearance of Christ Before the PeopleRussia source
1856Samuel Francis is relocated to Geneva to oversee the emigration of Latter-day Saints to the United States from SwitzerlandSwitzerland source
1856Halkyn-born Mormon missionary Dan Jones returns to the United States on conclusion of his second (4-year) mission for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with between 550 and 700 Welsh saints bound for Salt Lake City.Wales source
185712 July – in Belfast, confrontations between crowds of Catholics and Protestants turn into 10 days of rioting, exacerbated by the open-air preaching of Evangelical Presbyterian minister "Roaring" Hugh Hanna, with many of the police force joining the Protestant side. There are also riots in Derry, Portadown and Lurgan.Ireland source
185725 July – Matthew Blagden Hale is consecrated as the first Bishop of Perth in a ceremony at the Lambeth Palace Chapel.Australia source
185710 August — John Bowen is consecrated as Bishop of Sierra Leone.Wales source
185728 August – Matrimonial Causes Act removes divorce from ecclesiastical jurisdiction and makes it possible by order of a new civil Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes, removing the necessity of parliamentary approval.United Kingdom source
18574 October – the Catholic St. Mary's Cathedral, Kilkenny, is opened.Ireland source
1857Krýsuvíkurkirkja was constructed in Krýsuvík.Iceland source
1857Franciscan Sisters of the Family of MaryRussia source
1857Robert Moffat completes Old Testament Bible translation into Setswana.South Africa source
1858June 23 – Police of the Papal States seize Jewish boy Edgardo Mortara, and take him away to be raised as a Catholic.source
185824 June – The Sovereign and Illustrious Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, Anglia declared.United Kingdom source
1858July 8 – The Paulist Fathers, a Roman Catholic society of apostolic life for men, is founded in New York City by Isaac Hecker.United States source
1858July 11 – Saint Isaac's Cathedral in Saint Petersburg is consecratedRussia source
18588 December – The construction of St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne begins.Australia source
1858Creation of the Diocese of BlagoveshchenskRussia source
1858Reconstruction of Paisley Abbey begins.Scotland source
1858Louisa M. Spooner (anonymously) — Gladys of HarlechWales source
1858Owen Wynne Jones — Lleucu LlwydWales source
1859February 4 – German scholar Constantin von Tischendorf rediscovers the Codex Sinaiticus, a 4th-century uncial manuscript of the Greek Bible, in Saint Catherine's Monastery on the foot of Mount Sinai, in the Khedivate of Egypt and arranges for its presentation to his patron, Tsar Alexander II of Russia at Saint Petersburg.source
18594 February – German scholar Constantin von Tischendorf rediscovers the Codex Sinaiticus, a 4th-century uncial manuscript of the Greek Bible, in Saint Catherine's Monastery on the foot of Mount Sinai, in the Khedivate of Egypt.Germany source
1859May 22 – Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies is succeeded by his 23-year-old son, Francis II of the Two Sicilies.source
1859July 28 The Bishop Cotton school (Shimla) (BCS) was founded on July 28, 1859,source
185924 November – Breve of Pope Pius IX congratulating the Catholic University of Leuven on its twenty-fifth anniversary.Belgium source
185919 December - César Franck inaugurates the new organ at the basilia of Sainte-Clotilde, Paris, an instrument built by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll.France source
1859Welsh religious revival led by Humphrey Jones and large Ulster Christian revival.United Kingdom source
1859Thomas Stephens & Gweirydd ap Rhys - Orgraff yr Iaith GymraegWales source
1859John Roberts (Ieuan Gwyllt) - Llyfr Tonau CynulleidfaolWales source
1859Religious revival led by Humphrey Jones.Wales source
186025 February – £11,000 collected at church doors in Dublin to finance the Pope's defence against the Risorgimento in Italy; £80,000 collected nationwide (the equivalent of several millions of modern-day Euros).Ireland source
1860May 8 – Roman Catholic Diocese of Chatham (later renamed Roman Catholic Diocese of Bathurst (Canada)) erected.Canada source
186023 August — Consecration of Marble Church, Bodelwyddan.Wales source
1860September 15 – Johannes Hermanus Grobler becomes acting President of the Executive Council of the South African Republic.South Africa source
1860December 7 – After a fiercely contested campaign, Monier Monier-Williams is elected as the new Boden Professor of Sanskrit, at Oxford University.source
186021 December – St Mary's Cathedral, Aberdeen (Roman Catholic) is dedicated.Scotland source
186026 December – The first Rules derby is held between Sheffield F.C. and Hallam F.C., the oldest football fixture in the world.United Kingdom source
1860The Canterbury Vocal Union is formed by nine men in Christchurch. It shortly afterwards merges with the St. Cecilia Society and will eventually become the Royal Christchurch Music Society.New Zealand source
1860The Dissenter Acts (Sweden) allow citizens to leave the state church.Sweden source
18611 January – Franco-Belgian Tirailleurs renamed Papal Zouaves.Belgium source
1861February 20 – In Britain, storms damage the Crystal Palace and cause the collapse of the steeple of Chichester Cathedral.source
186120 February – storms damage the Crystal Palace in London and cause the collapse of the steeple of Chichester Cathedral.United Kingdom source
1861July 2 – Ivan Kasatkin lands on Hakodate, and introduces the Eastern Orthodox Church into Japan.source
186125 August – St. John's Church in the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen is consecrated at a ceremony attended by King Frederik VII. It is first church to be built outside the city's old fortification ring when it was decommissioned.Denmark source
186113 September – The Church Association for the Inner Mission in Denmark is founded.Denmark source
18617 October – the Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation, Manchester in Salford is consecrated as the oldest purpose-built Greek Orthodox Church in England.United Kingdom source
1861Edinburgh and Glasgow Bible Societies merged to form the National Bible Society of Scotland.Scotland source
1861Thomas Rees - History of Protestant Nonconformity in Wales: From Its Rise to the Present TimeWales source
1861Jane Williams (Ysgafell) - The Literary Women of EnglandWales source
18622 July – Calcutta High Court is established under the High Courts Act, 1861.India source
1862August 2 – Victoria, British Columbia, is incorporated as a cityCanada source
186216 September – Victor Hugo's Brussels publisher, Albert Lacroix, holds a banquet to celebrate the success of Les MisérablesBelgium source
1862October 9 – The Transvaal Civil War breaks out, following Stephanus Schoeman's unconstitutional ousting of the acting President of the Executive Council of the South African Republic.source
1862October 9 – The Transvaal Civil War breaks out following Stephanus Schoeman's unconstitutional ousting of the acting President of the Executive Council of the South African Republic on 6 December 1860.South Africa source
1862Undated – Wilhelm Marstrand paints the murals in Christian IV's Chapel at Roskilde Cathedral.Denmark source
1862Bishop Robert Eden is elected Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church, an office he will hold until his death in 1886.Scotland source
1862The theological seminary Johannelunds Teologiska Högskola is founded in Uppsala.Sweden source
1862Jane Williams (Ysgafell) – Celtic Fables, Fairy Tales and Legends versifiedWales source
1863January 4 – Founding date of the New Apostolic Church, a Christian and chiliastic church, in a schism with the Catholic Apostolic Church in Hamburg, Germany.source
1863January 4 – The New Apostolic Church, a Christian premillennial church, is established in Hamburg.Germany source
1863February 17 – The "Committee of the Five" holds their first meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, which is regarded as the foundation of the International Committee of the Red Cross, following the lead of humanitarian businessman Henry Dunant.source
186321 February – James Cockle is appointed the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Queensland.Australia source
186325 February – William Thomson enthroned as Archbishop of York.United Kingdom source
1863May 21 – The General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists is formed in Battle Creek, Michigan.source
1863July 30 – Valuev Circular bans the publication of religious, educational and training books in Ukrainian in the Russian Empire.source
186313 October – the Provostship of Aberdeen is elevated to Lord Provost.Scotland source
1863October 23 – Acting President Willem Cornelis Janse van Rensburg becomes President of the Executive Council of the South African Republic.South Africa source
1863November 15 – King Christian IX of Denmark succeeds his distant cousin Frederick VII, giving rise to the beginning of the Second Schleswig-Holstein crisis.source
186315 November – With Christian IX's accent to the Danish throne, the House of Glücksburg succeeded the House of Oldenburg.Denmark source
186318-22 August – First Catholic Congress in Mechelen.Belgium source
1863Mesac Thomas becomes the first Bishop of Goulburn, New South Wales, Australia.Wales source
1864April 22 – The phrase "In God We Trust" appears for the first time on the newly created two-cent piece.source
186421 May – Father Damien ordained in HonoluluBelgium source
1864June 5 – In Marseille, Notre-Dame de la Garde, the city's most famous landmark, is consecrated.source
186411 July – Federation of Catholic Circles and Conservative Associations formed (later to become the more formalised Catholic Party)Belgium source
1864September 1 – September 9: Charlottetown Conference, noted as the first step towards ConfederationCanada source
1864September 16 – Pope Pius IX establishes the Diocese of Gozo.source
18641 October – The Australasian (later to be known as Australasian Post) is first published in Melbourne.Australia source
1864December 8 – Syllabus errorum: Pope Pius IX condemns theological liberalism as an error, and claims the supremacy of Roman Catholic Church authority over civil society. He also condemns rationalism and socialism.source
1864Tsar Alexander II of Russia legislated church councils.Russia source
1864Judicial Reform of Alexander II.Russia source
1864Frances Williams-Wynn - Diaries of a Lady of Quality (posthumously published)Wales source
1864Daniel Silvan Evans (ed.) - Y Marchog Crwydrad: Hen Ffuglith GymreigWales source
18651 January - The French government suppresses promulgation of the Papal "Syllabus of Errors" from the pulpit.France source
18651 May – Henricus Franciscus Bracq consecrated as bishop of GhentBelgium source
18654 June – the lyrics of the hymn "Onward, Christian Soldiers", written by Sabine Baring-Gould as "Hymn for Procession with Cross and Banners", are first sung by children processing to St Peter's Church, Horbury, in the West Riding of Yorkshire.United Kingdom source
1865July 2 – The Christian Mission, later renamed The Salvation Army, is founded in Whitechapel, London, by William and Catherine Booth.source
18652 July – the Christian Mission, later renamed The Salvation Army, is founded in Whitechapel, London by William and Catherine Booth.United Kingdom source
1865The church at Hruni was built.Iceland source
1865Methodist College Belfast founded by the church; it will open to pupils in 1868.Ireland source
1865John Evans (I. D. Ffraid) — Coll Gwynfa (translation of Milton's Paradise Lost)Wales source
1865Francis Kilvert becomes curate of Clyro in Radnorshire.Wales source
186619 March – Sister Mary MacKillop founds the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart at Penola, South Australia.Australia source
1866June 11 – The Agra High Court is established (later shifted to the Allahabad High Court).source
186615 June – Contract signed for Covering of the SenneBelgium source
1866July — Launch of Yr Australydd, a Welsh language Calvinistic Methodist newspaper, in Victoria (Australia), edited by William Meirion Evans and Theophilus Williams.Wales source
1866September 8 - establishment of Nuestra Señora del Carmen, Aguada, MontevideoUruguay source
1866October 7–21 – The Second Plenary Council of American Roman Catholic bishops is held in Baltimore.United States source
1866Pétur Pétursson became the fourth Bishop of Iceland, succeeding Helgi G. Thordersen in the position.Iceland source
1866Coimbatore was constituted as a municipality.India source
1866St Andrew's Church, Lisbon established by the Free Church of Scotland.Portugal source
1867January 14 - a meeting of imperial advisers was held at the National Palace in the absence of Maximilian I, owing to the political and military situation. The meeting was presided over by Teodosio Lares, president of the Supreme Court of Justice. During the session, Marshal Achille Bazaine presented abdication as the only viable course for the emperor. The bishops withdrew their support for the Empire, while the imperial ministers continued to express confidence in defeating the Republican forces and restoring order.Mexico source
186713 February – Work starts on Covering of the SenneBelgium source
1867February 22 - In Querétaro, Maximilian I and his generals held a council of war to determine their strategy. It was agreed that the Imperial army would leave the city on the 26th of that month to engage the Republican forces, a course of action that may have prevented the subsequent siege. The plan was not carried out, however, and Maximilian remained in Querétaro rather than launching the attack.Mexico source
1867October 27 – Italian unification: Giuseppe Garibaldi's troops march into the Papal States.source
18678 December – Victor-Auguste-Isidor Deschamps named Archbishop of Mechelen in succession to the recently deceased Engelbert Sterckx (enthroned 28 January 1868).Belgium source
1867Saint Mary MacKillop and Fr Julian Tenison Woods found the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred HeartAustralia source
1867Ohel David Synagogue was constructed in Pune by David SassoonIndia source
186724–28 September – First of the Lambeth Conferences held.United Kingdom source
1867William Thomas (Islwyn) – CaniadauWales source
186828 January – Victor-Auguste-Isidor Deschamps enthroned as Archbishop of Mechelen.Belgium source
18687 June - The Presbyterian Church in Chile is founded. It is the first Protestant church in Chile.Chile source
1868July 5 – Preacher William Booth establishes the Christian Mission, predecessor of The Salvation Army, in the East End of London.source
18687 August – The Roman Catholic Diocese of Copenhagen is established.Denmark source
1868October 25 – The Uspenski Cathedral, designed by Aleksey Gornostayev, is inaugurated in Helsinki, Finland.source
186812 November – Archibald Tait is offered the post of Archbishop of Canterbury.United Kingdom source
1868The Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson is established as the Apostolic Vicariate of Arizona in 1868, taking its territory from the former Diocese of Santa Fe. The Diocese of Tucson is canonically erected on May 8, 1897.source
1868United Methodist Church of SwedenSweden source
1868The Roman Catholic See of Tucson is established as the Apostolic Vicariate of Arizona in 1868, taking its territory from the former Diocese of Santa Fe. The Diocese of Tucson is canonically erected on May 8, 1897.United States source
1868Establishment of Cementerio del Cerro, Montevideo.Uruguay source
1868William Forbes Skene – The Four Ancient Books of WalesWales source
186930 January – the new magazine Vanity Fair publishes the first of a long series of colour lithographic caricatures of public figures, initially by Carlo Pellegrini, portraying Benjamin Disraeli.United Kingdom source
1869July 20 – The Innocents Abroad, by Mark Twain, goes on sale after printing by the American Publishing Company. It becomes Twain's bestselling work during his lifetime.source
1869July 26 – The Irish Church Act 1869 is given royal assent by Queen Victoria, disestablishing the Church of Ireland effective January 1, 1871.source
1869July 26 – royal assent is given to the Irish Church Act 1869, disestablishing the Church of Ireland with effect from 1871 and abolishing payment of tithe, the legislation having passed through the House of Commons of the United Kingdom and House of Lords.Ireland source
1869October 8 – New York Foundling Asylum incorporated.United States source
1869December 8 – The First Vatican Council opens in Rome.source
1869Thomas Henry Huxley coins the word "Agnostic".source
1869Miðdalskirkja was constructed in Mosfellsprestakalli.Iceland source
1869Closure of St Mary's Seminary, Auckland.New Zealand source
1869Resignation and departure from New Zealand of Jean Baptiste Pompallier, First Catholic Bishop in New Zealand.New Zealand source
1869The Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer first takes up residence at St Mary's Monastery, Kinnoull, Perth (built 1866–8), the first Roman Catholic monastery established in Scotland since the Reformation.Scotland source
1869Joseph Leycester Lyne (Father Ignatius of Jesus) acquires land at Capel-y-ffin and begins construction of an Anglican Benedictine community, Llanthony Abbey.Wales source
1870January — Francis Kilvert begins his famous diary.Wales source
1870May 2 – William J. Seymour, one of the two Primary Founders of American Pentecostalism was born.United States source
187018 June – Affligem Abbey, closed in 1796, refounded.Belgium source
1870July 18 – Pastor aeternus: Pope Pius IX declares papal infallibility, in matters of faith and morals.source
1870September 20 – Capture of Rome; With Bersaglieri soldiers entering Rome at Porta Pia, the unification of Italy is completed, ending the last remnant of the Papal States and Papal temporal power.source
1870Belfast Hebrew Congregation is established.Ireland source
1870First service is held in the new Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral, Cork (Church of Ireland).Ireland source
1870David Lloyd Davies — Ceinwen Morgan neu y Rian DdiwylliedigWales source
1870Jacob Lloyd is created a Knight of the Order of St. Gregory the Great by Pope Pius IX.Wales source
1870Sir George Gilbert Scott completes the restoration of Bangor Cathedral.Wales source
18711 January – Church of Ireland disestablished. St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, becomes the National Cathedral.Ireland source
18711 January – disestablishment of the Church of Ireland by the Irish Church Act 1869 comes into effect.United Kingdom source
187115 March – Australia's first synagogue opens in Adelaide, South Australia.Australia source
1871March 22 – The Marseille Commune is established in southern France.source
187124 September – Mother Mary MacKillop is excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church after refusing to disband the Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart order.Australia source
187122 October – Claus Winter Hjelm, judge (born 1797)Norway source
1871December 10 – German chancellor Otto von Bismarck tries to ban Catholics from the political stage by introducing harsh laws concerning the separation of church and state.source
187110 December – Otto von Bismarck tries to ban Catholics from the political stage by introducing harsh laws concerning the separation of church and state.Germany source
1871The Shinto shrine of Izumo-taisha in Japan is designated as an Imperial shrine.source
1871J. P. Mahaffy appointed to the Chair of Ancient History at Trinity College Dublin at the age of 32.Ireland source
1871Correspondence and Works of Charles LambWales source
1872January 12 – Yohannes IV is crowned Emperor of Ethiopia in Axum, the first ruler crowned in that city in over 500 years.source
18724 July – Jesuits Law is promulgatedGermany source
1872September 26 – The first Shriners Temple (called Mecca) is established in New York City.source
187215 November – Maredsous Abbey foundedBelgium source
1872December 3 – Assyriologist George Smith presents the first translation of the Epic of Gilgamesh, to a meeting of the Society of Biblical Archaeology in London.source
1872Alphonse Daudet - Tartarin de TarasconFrance source
1872Jules Massenet - Don César de BazanFrance source
1872Gustave Doré - Le Christ quittant le prétoireFrance source
1872The Shetland Times is first published in LerwickScotland source
1872First known publication of spiritual "The Gospel Train", by Fisk Jubilee Singers.United States source
1872Thomas Thomas — Hynodion Hen Bregethwyr CymruWales source
1873April 1 – James Pope becomes Premier of Prince Edward Island for the second time, replacing Robert Haythorne.Canada source
18733 May: The New Zealand Tablet begins publication in Dunedin. The newspaper was published weekly by the Catholic Church until 1996.New Zealand source
1873May 4 – the Roman Catholic St Eugene's Cathedral, Derry, is dedicated.Ireland source
1873September 1 – L. C. Owen becomes Premier of Prince Edward Island, replacing James Pope.Canada source
1873Foundation of the first women's rights organization in Sweden, the Married Woman's Property Rights Association.Sweden source
1873Ebenezer Thomas – Gweithiau Barddonol Eben Fardd (posthumously published)Wales source
1873Robert Elis (Cynddelw) – Manion HynafiaetholWales source
1874March 25 – The Republic of Ecuador is consecrated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus, carried out by President Gabriel García Moreno and supported, blessed and specified by Pope Pius IX.source
187426 July – the Roman Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, Sligo, is opened.Ireland source
18747 August – Church Patronage (Scotland) Act 1874 abolishes patronage in the appointment of ministers to the Church of Scotland.Scotland source
187424 August – William Basil Jones is consecrated Bishop of St David's.Wales source
1874The 147 m-tall spire of St. Nicholas' Church, Hamburg, designed by English architect George Gilbert Scott, is completed, making it (briefly, and by 5m) the world's tallest building (a title held since 1647 by Strasbourg Cathedral).source
1874Bolton Wanderers (as Christ Church F.C.)source
1874The Supreme Council 33° Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry of Canada is founded.source
1874Jean-François Portaels, Juive de TangerBelgium source
1874Victor Hugo - Quatrevingt-treizeFrance source
1874Freedom of Religion is introduced in Iceland.Iceland source
1874Colonial Clergy Act (British statute)India source
1874Establishment of the Prästerskapets Änke- och Pupillkassa, a retirement fund for widows of priests.Sweden source
1875January 14 – The Halifax Herald is first published.Canada source
1875March 15 – Roman Catholic Archbishop of New York John McCloskey is named the first cardinal in the United States.source
1875March 15 – Roman Catholic Archbishop of New York John McCloskey is named the first cardinal in the U.S.United States source
1875April 10 – The Arya Samaj is founded in Mumbai by Swami Dayananda Saraswati.source
187510 April - The Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.India source
187560 to 70 Christian women in Amoy attended a meeting presided by a missionary John MacGowan formed the Heavenly Foot Society (tianzu literally meaning Heavenly Foot), opposing the practice of footbindingChina source
1875The town of Mosjøen is founded.Norway source
1875Elsa Borg move to Stockholm and open the first bible home for education of Christian social workers in the slums.Sweden source
1875Association football team Birmingham City F.C. is founded as Small Heath Alliance in Birmingham by a group of cricketers from Holy Trinity Church, Bordesley, playing its first match in November.United Kingdom source
1875Rugby union - Llanelli RFC and Risca RFC are formed.Wales source
187620 April – Leopold I's mortal remains transferred to the crypt of the Church of Our Lady of LaekenBelgium source
1876June – Francis Kilvert becomes vicar of Saint Harmon, Radnorshire.Wales source
1876December 6 – The first cremation in the U.S. takes place in a crematory built by Francis Julius LeMoyne.United States source
1876The Legislative Council of Manitoba is abolished, and the legislature becomes unicameral.Canada source
1876Émile Zola - Son Excellence Eugène RougonFrance source
1876Royal Titles Act (British statute)India source
1876William Forbes Skene's Celtic Scotland: a History of Ancient Alban begins publication in Edinburgh.Scotland source
1876Mary Sumner founds Christian women's organisation the Mothers' Union.United Kingdom source
1877January 20 – The Constantinople Conference ends, with Ottoman Turkey rejecting proposals of internal reform and Balkan provisions.source
187730 April – the Diocese of St Albans is founded within the Church of England from part of the Diocese of Rochester. St Albans Abbey, which is undergoing extensive restoration at this time, is elevated to become St Albans Cathedral and on 12 June Thomas Legh Claughton is enthroned first Bishop of St Albans, an office he holds until 1890.United Kingdom source
1877The Cape Government establishes the Council of Education following the dramatic increase in the number of educational facilities, such as mission schools, on the eastern Cape frontier.South Africa source
187710 July – Consecration of new Merthyr Synagogue, the oldest surviving synagogue building in Wales.Wales source
1877July – The serial publication of Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina is concluded, in The Russian Messenger.source
1877E. Van Hoecke-Peeters, Jesuit house in OostakkerBelgium source
1877William Rees (Gwilym Hiraethog) – Helyntion Bywyd Hen DeiliwrWales source
1878January 9 – Umberto I becomes King of Italy.source
1878February 20 – Pope Leo XIII succeeds Pope Pius IX, as the 256th pope. His pontificate will last for 25 years.source
187815 March – restoration of the Scottish hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church, carried out on the instructions of the newly appointed Pope Leo XIII.Scotland source
1878March 17 – Emancipated U.S. slave and Baptist minister Rev. John Jasper first preaches his sermon "The Sun Do Move."source
1878May 23 - chartering of Bank of the City of Buenos Aires as the Monte de Piedad in a measure against the prevalence of usury in Buenos Aires (mostly targeting the growing wave of immigration in Argentina)Argentina source
18787 August – the Christian Mission, co-founded by (the now) General William and Catherine Booth in London in 1865, has its name changed to The Salvation Army.United Kingdom source
1878August – Mission Covenant Church of Sweden is foundedSweden source
18789 October – St Mary's Cathedral, Tuam (Church of Ireland) dedicated.Ireland source
1878December 25 – Stella Maris Church, Sliema on Malta becomes a parish, seceding from the Parish of St. Helen's in Birkirkara.source
1878West Bromwich Albion F.C., formed as West Bromwich Strollers F.C.source
1878Grimsby Town F.C., formed as Grimsby Pelham.source
1878Charles Soubre, The Departure of the Volunteers of Liège for Brussels (4 September 1830)Belgium source
1878Albert Augustus Pope's Pope Manufacturing Company begins producing the Columbia high-wheel bicycle outside Boston, signalling the beginning of a bicycle craze in the U.S.United States source
1878William Rees (Gwilym Hiraethog) – Llythyrau 'Rhen FfarmwrWales source
18794 January – Dundee-born Mormon missionary Hugh Findlay arrives in Shetland from the United States and on 31 March baptizes the islands' first two converts.Scotland source
18796 March – The town of Cleve, South Australia is officially gazetted.Australia source
1879April 12 – Mary Baker Eddy founds the Church of Christ, Scientist in Boston, Massachusetts.source
1879April 12 – Mary Baker Eddy founds the Church of Christ, Scientist in Boston.United States source
1879May 12 – English Catholic convert John Henry Newman is elevated to Cardinal.source
1879June 4 – Yasukuni Shrine is officially renamed from Tokyo Shokonsha Shrine in Japan.source
1879June 14 – Sidney Faithorn Green, a priest in the Church of England, is tried and convicted for using Ritualist practices.source
187914 June – Sidney Faithorn Green, an Anglican priest in the Church of England, is tried and convicted for using Ritualist practices.United Kingdom source
187921 June – new Roman Catholic Thurles Cathedral consecrated.Ireland source
1879August 16 – Fulham F.C. is founded in London as a church soccer team.source
187924 August – Victor Joseph Doutreloux succeeds Théodore de Montpellier as bishop of LiègeBelgium source
1879Les Cinq Cents Millions de la BégumFrance source
1879Daniel Owen – Offrymau NeilltuaethWales source
188020 May – foundation stone laid for Truro Cathedral in Cornwall, the first to be built on a new site since the 13th century.United Kingdom source
188014 August – Construction of the Cologne Cathedral is finally completed after over 600 years.Germany source
1880September 14 – Cologne Cathedral is completed, after construction began in 1248, 632 years earlier.source
188016 December – High Court of Justice reorganised into the Chancery, Queen's Bench and the Probate, Divorce and Admiralty Divisions, with abolition of the Common Pleas and Exchequer Divisions.United Kingdom source
188025 December – Pope Leo XIII issues a breve to establish a new chair in Thomist philosophy at the Catholic University of Louvain.Belgium source
1880The Capuchin catacombs of Palermo are officially closed (there will be some burials afterwards).source
1880Charles Soubre, The Arrival of Charles Rogier and the Volunteers of Liège in BrusselsBelgium source
1880Muslim women are forbidden to marry non-Muslims in Islamic lawChina source
1880Konstantin Petrovich Pobedonostsev was appointed to the post of Chief Prosecutor of the Holy SynodRussia source
1880Joseph Parry – Emmanuel (cantata)Wales source
188118 April – A law is passed that enables the "expulsion by decree of the Council of Ministers of foreigners who might disturb the peace or threaten national safety".Romania source
18818 September – Isidore-Joseph du Rousseaux performs the canonical coronation of Our Lady of Tongre in Chièvres, mandated in a papal brief of Pope Leo XIII.Belgium source
1881October 13 – Determined to bring about the revival of the Hebrew language as a way of unifying Jews, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda has what is believed to be the first conversation in Modern Hebrew, with friends living in Paris.source
188113 October – Determined to bring about the revival of the Hebrew language as a way of unifying Jews, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda has what is believed to be the first conversation in Modern Hebrew, with friends living in Paris.France source
1881December 25 – Catholic religious congregation Mothers of the Forsaken and Saint Joseph of the Mountain is founded by Blessed Petra of Saint Joseph.source
1881New York City's oldest independent school for girls, the Convent of the Sacred Heart New York (91st Street), is founded.source
1881Kilmacud Monastery established by Carmelite nuns.Ireland source
1882March 29 – The Knights of Columbus, a Catholic fraternal service organization, is founded in New Haven, Connecticut.source
1882March 29 – The Knights of Columbus, a Catholic fraternal service organization, is incorporated in New Haven, Connecticut by Father Michael J. McGivney.United States source
1882St Andrew's Ambulance Association is founded in Glasgow, Scotland; St. John Ambulance Canada is also founded this year.source
1882July 31 – The Hebrew Moshava of Rishon LeZion in Palestine is founded.source
188231 July – Désiré-Joseph Mercier appointed to the new chair in Thomist philosophy at the Catholic University of Louvain.Belgium source
188228 October – six Benedictine monks return from France to commence the rebuilding of Buckfast Abbey in Devon, largely destroyed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries.United Kingdom source
1882December – Zikhron Ya'akov is founded in northern Israel.source
1882Ludovic Halévy - L'abbé ConstantinFrance source
1882Gaelic poet William Livingston (Uilleam Macdhunleibhe)'s collected works are published posthumously as Duain agus Orain.Scotland source
1882"Mundella Code" promotes 'enlightened' teaching in public elementary schools.United Kingdom source
1882Bargoed RFC, Loughor RFC, Pentyrch RFC and Pontardawe RFC are formed.Wales source
1882St Catharine's Church, Baglan, is consecrated.Wales source
1883January 21 - Elias Augusto da Silva launches the Reformador, a revision of the Federação Espírita Brasileira.Brazil source
188317 March Ireland 1–1 Wales (in Belfast)Ireland source
188329 March – Edward Benson enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury.United Kingdom source
188312 June – The first Australasian headquarters of the Salvation Army opened in Melbourne.Australia source
1883September 1 – Pope Leo XIII publishes the encyclical Supremi apostolatus officio ("On Devotion of the Rosary").source
1883Antoni Gaudí begins to work on the Sagrada Família Cathedral in Barcelona (it was consecrated in 2010)source
18835 to 10 June – Third International Eucharistic Congress held in Liège, with over 10,000 in attendance.Belgium source
1883Cathedral of Christ the Saviour (completed)Russia source
1883Raith Rovers F.C. is established in Kirkcaldy.Scotland source
1883Robert Williams (Trebor Mai) – Gwaith Barddonol Trebor Mai (posthumously published)Wales source
188418 January – Dr William Price attempts to cremate his dead baby son, Iesu Grist, at Llantrisant. Later tried at Cardiff Assizes and acquitted on the grounds that cremation is not contrary to law, he is thus able to carry out the ceremony (the first in the U.K. in modern times) on 14 March.United Kingdom source
188418 February – English Jesuit poet Gerard Manley Hopkins takes up a post as professor of Greek and Latin at University College Dublin on St Stephen's Green, where he will remain until his death in 1889 and write his "terrible sonnets".Ireland source
1884April 20 – Pope Leo XIII publishes the encyclical Humanum genus, denouncing Freemasonry and certain liberal beliefs which he considers to be associated with it.source
1884The first Christian missionary arrives in Korea.source
1884End of the First School War between confessional Catholic Party and secularist Liberal PartyBelgium source
1884Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly - Ce qui ne meurt pasFrance source
1884Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)Italy source
1884Wellington Cup winner: The PoetNew Zealand source
1884Founding of Shamordino ConventRussia source
1884Joseph Parry – Nebuchadnezzar (cantata)Wales source
1885March 7 – The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid is founded.source
1885March 7 - founding of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of MadridSpain source
188522 March — Construction of the Monument to honour Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of a unified Italy, (Vittoriano) begins in Rome (1885–1911). The solemn ceremony of laying the foundation stone of the Vittoriano took place on 22 March 1885 in the presence of King Umberto I of Savoy. To erect the Vittoriano it was necessary to proceed with numerous expropriations and extensive demolitions of the buildings that were on the site. The overall aim was also to make Rome a modern European capital that would rival Berlin, Vienna, London and Paris by overcoming the centuries-old urban planning of Papal Rome. In this context, the Vittoriano would have been the equivalent of Berlin's Brandenburg Gate, London's Admiralty Arch and the Opéra Garnier in Paris: these buildings all share a monumental and classical appearance that metaphorically communicates the pride and power of the nation of which they are the symbol.Italy source
188518 April – Scottish Catholic Observer first published as The Glasgow Observer.Scotland source
188525 April – The Romanian Orthodox Church is recognised as an autonomous Metropolis by Joachim IV of Constantinople.Romania source
18852 August – William Walsh is consecrated as Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin and Primate of Ireland, an office he will hold until his death in 1921.Ireland source
188517 August – the post of Secretary for Scotland is revived to be in charge of the Scottish Office, Charles Gordon-Lennox, 6th Duke of Richmond, being the first appointee.Scotland source
1885Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)Italy source
1885Daniel James (Gwyrosydd) – Caneuon GwyrosyddWales source
18863 January – Andreas Grimelund, bishop (born 1812)Norway source
188625 January – The first assembly of the Federal Council of Australasia is held in Hobart.Australia source
1886March 1 – The Anglo-Chinese School is founded by Bishop William Fitzjames Oldham on Amoy Street in Singapore.source
18864 April – Henri-Charles Lambrecht consecrated coadjutor bishop of GhentBelgium source
1886April 6 – The settlement of Vancouver, British Columbia, is incorporated.source
1886April 24 – Father Augustine Tolton, the first Roman Catholic priest from the United States to identify himself publicly as African American, is ordained in Rome.source
1886April 24 – Father Augustine Tolton, the first Roman Catholic priest from the U.S. to identify himself publicly as African American, is ordained in Rome.United States source
188619 May - Creation of the Duke of Albuquerque title.Portugal source
1886June 3 – Uganda Martyrs: Charles Lwanga, 12 other Catholic boys and men, and 9 Anglicans, are burned (and another Catholic speared) to death, at the orders of Kabaka Mwanga II of Buganda in Namugongo.source
1886June 7 – Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau becomes the first Canadian cardinalCanada source
1886August 19 – The Christian Union (Church of God) is established in Monroe County, Tennesseesource
1886September 9 – The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works is signed.source
1886Kirkjubólskirkja was constructed.Iceland source
1886Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)Italy source
188724 May – The new Cardiff Metropolitan Cathedral, designed by Pugin, is opened.Wales source
18876 July - Establishment of the Vicariate Apostolic of Southern ShensiChina source
188721 December – Achel Abbey buys the buildings of Rochefort Abbey to restore the monastery thereBelgium source
1887December – The Scots Magazine resumes publication in Perth.Scotland source
1887The Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn is founded.source
1887Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)Italy source
1887Singles – S. Manning (Christchurch)New Zealand source
1887To Venner (hellemyrsfolket), is written by Amalie Skram.Norway source
1887Saint Gregory the Illuminator's Church, BakuRussia source
188830 January – The Presbyterian Church of New South Wales establishes its first school, the Presbyterian Ladies' College, Sydney.Australia source
1888March 25 – Opening of an international Congress for Women's Rights organized by Susan B. Anthony in Washington, D.C., leading to formation of the International Council of Women, a key event in the international women's movement.source
1888May 1 – Fort Belknap Indian Reservation is established by the United States Congress.source
1888May 13 – Princess Isabel signs the Lei Áurea (Golden Law), which abolishes slavery in Brazil.Brazil source
1888June 2 – Edward King (bishop of Lincoln) in England is called to account for using ritualistic practices in Anglican worship.source
1888August – Preaching of Charles Lavigerie in Brussels Minster inspires the founding of the Belgian Anti-Slavery SocietyBelgium source
188811 October — German Emperor Wilhelm II in Rome on an official state visit. Visiting the Italian King Umberto I in Rome would be regarded as recognizing his right to rule the Holy City, while the Vatican did not recognise the Italian king's right to rule in Rome. To appease the situation, Wilhelm II also met Pope Leo XIII the next day.Italy source
1888The town of Amersfoort is established around a Dutch Reformed Church built in 1876.South Africa source
1888November 24 – The first Saint Verhaegen takes place in Brussels.source
1888Strandarkirkja was constructed.Iceland source
1888Sree Narayana Guru, consecrated the first temple for the untouchables in Aruvippuram, Kerala, South India.India source
1888Auckland Cup winner (December) – LochielNew Zealand source
18896 January – the Faroese Society is formed.Denmark source
188928 February – Gustava Kielland, author and missionary (born 1800)Norway source
1889March 23 – Claiming to be the Promised Messiah and Mahdi, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad founds the Ahmadiyya Muslim community in Punjab Province (British India).source
18899 June – The Monument to Giordano Bruno, created by Ettore Ferrari, was erected at Campo de' Fiori square in Rome, Italy, to commemorate the italian philosopher Giordano Bruno, who was burned there in 1600 after being tried for heresy by the Roman Inquisition on charges of denial of several core Catholic doctrines. Since its inception the idea of a monument dedicated to the executed heretic located in Rome, once the capital of the Papal States, has generated controversy between anti-clerical and those more aligned with the Roman Catholic church.Italy source
1889August – The Jewish settlement of Moisés Ville is founded in Argentina.source
1889James Ensor, Christ's Entry Into Brussels in 1889Belgium source
1889Osório Duque-Estrada – A Aristocracia do EspíritoBrazil source
1889Hallgrímur Sveinsson became the fifth Bishop of Iceland, succeeding Pétur Pétursson in the position.Iceland source
1889The Indian Religious Code is created, which forbids Native Americans to practice their religions.United States source
1889Chair – Evan Rees, "Y Beibl Cymraeg"Wales source
1890April 2 – Kashihara Shrine, a landmark spot in Nara Prefecture, Japan, is officially built by Emperor Mutsuhito (Emperor of Meiji).source
1890May 31 – The Ulm Minister opens in Ulm, Germany as the world's tallest cathedral.source
189031 May — The Ulm Minster is completed as the world's tallest cathedral.Germany source
1890September 24 – The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints President Wilford Woodruff issues the "1890 Manifesto" officially advising against any future polygamy in the Church.United States source
1890September 25 — President Wilford Woodruff of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints issues the 1890 Manifesto ending the official practice of polygamy.source
189015 October – The Ab apostolici papal encyclical against Freemasonry in Italy is promulgated by Pope Leo XIII.Italy source
1890November 21 – Edward King, Anglican bishop of Lincoln, is convicted of using ritualistic practices.source
189021 November – Edward King (bishop of Lincoln) is convicted in a special ecclesiastical court (revived for the first time since 1699) of using ritualistic practices in Anglican worship, although on a majority of counts the court finds in his favour.United Kingdom source
1890High School Cadets is written by John Philip Sousa.source
189016 to 21 August – Seventh International Eucharistic Congress held in Antwerp, with an estimated 150,000 participants.Belgium source
1890Staðarbakkakirkja church is constructed in Miðfjörður.Iceland source
1890Savile Cup winners – ChristchurchNew Zealand source
1890Arthur Machen - The Great God Pan (in the magazine The Whirlwind)Wales source
1891January 12 – St. Mary's Cathedral is dedicated in San Francisco.source
1891January 13 – In California, Leland Stanford (Rep.) re-elected Senator.United States source
1891May 15 – Pope Leo XIII issues the encyclical Rerum novarum, on the rights and duties of capital and labor, resulting in the creation of many Christian Democrat parties throughout Europe.source
1891May 15 – Pope Leo XIII issued the Rerum novarum encyclical addressing the condition of the working classes and outlining the rights of workers to a fair wage, safe working conditions, and the formation of trade unions, while affirming the rights to property and free enterprise, opposing both socialism and laissez-faire capitalism.Italy source
1891May – Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claims to be the Promised Messiah (the second coming of Jesus) and the Mahdi awaited in Islam.source
1891June 23 – establishment of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chihuahua, Roman Catholic Diocese of Cuernavaca, Roman Catholic Diocese of Saltillo, Roman Catholic Diocese of Tehuantepec and Roman Catholic Diocese of TepicMexico source
18918–12 September – Catholic Congress in MechelenBelgium source
1891The Legislative Council of New Brunswick is abolished.Canada source
1891Anti-missionary riots in Wuhu, two Chinese nuns walking the streets, anointing the holy water on children, and onlookers began to harasses the nuns and took them to the police. The nuns were returned to the Roman Catholic mission. People were not satisfied and called for a riot against the Roman Catholic mission.China source
1891Savile Cup winners – ChristchurchNew Zealand source
1891Pui de lei ("Lion Cubs") is written and published by Ioan S. Nenițescu as part of a compilation entitled Pui de lei. Poesii eroice și naționale ("Lion cubs. Heroic and national poems").Romania source
1892February 29 – St. Petersburg, Florida is incorporated as a town.source
18925 March – St Michael's & All Angels (Anglican) Theological College is founded at Aberdare.Wales source
189217 June - Establishment of the Count of Idanha-a-Nova title of nobilityPortugal source
18923 September – Three years after the formation of the Football League, a Second Division is created. Its twelve members are: Small Heath of Birmingham, Sheffield United, Darwen of Lancashire, Grimsby Town, Ardwick of Manchester, Burton Swifts of Staffordshire, Northwich Victoria of Cheshire, Bootle of Liverpool, Lincoln City, Crewe Alexandra, Burslem Port Vale of Staffordshire and Walsall Town Swifts.United Kingdom source
18925 October – the Australian Cricket Council announces an intercolonial cricket competition to be known as the Sheffield Shield.Australia source
1892December 8 – The various congregations of Trappists leave the Cistercian Order entirely and merge to form a new order with the approval of Pope Leo XIII named the 'Order of Reformed Cistercians of Our Lady of La Trappe', formalising their identity and spirituality as a separate monastic community.source
1892Jean-Baptiste Bethune, Maredsous Abbey (begun 1872)Belgium source
1892Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)Italy source
1892In June, the first organised Jewish community was established in Christiania, known as "Det Jødiske Samfund".Norway source
1892Foundation stone of new St Cuthbert's Church, Edinburgh laid.Scotland source
1893January 6 – The Washington National Cathedral is chartered by Congress; the charter is signed by President Benjamin Harrison.source
1893April 1 – The rank of Chief Petty Officer is established in the United States Navy.source
1893April 6 – The iconic Salt Lake Temple of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is dedicated, after 40 years of construction.source
189315 April – Social-Christian Christene Volkspartij foundedBelgium source
1893May – The Free Presbyterian Church of Scotland is formed.source
18937 September – first Aberdeen Synagogue consecrated.Scotland source
189311 September – Swami Vivekananda represented Hinduism at the Parliament of the World's Religions (1893).India source
1893September 19 – Swami Vivekananda delivers an inspiring paper at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago.source
1893September 19 – Swami Vivekananda delivers an inspiring speech on his paper at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago.United States source
1893September 23 – The Baháʼí Faith is first publicly mentioned in the United States, at the World Parliament of Religions in Chicago.source
1893September 27 – The World Parliament of Religions holds its closing meeting in Chicago.source
1893October 27 – The National Council of Women of Canada meets for the first time.Canada source
1893The Girls' Brigade is founded in Dublin, Ireland, origin of the international Christian youth organisation.source
1893TMI Episcopal is founded in San Antonio as "The West Texas School for Boys", quickly changed to "West Texas Military Academy", by Bishop James S. Johnston.source
1893Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)Italy source
1893Fours – W. Barnett, C. Hulbert, H. Toomer and H. Thomson (skip) (Christchurch)New Zealand source
1893Edwin Cynrig Roberts – Hanes Dechreuad y Wladfa GymreigWales source
189420 June – The commune of Porvenir is founded.Chile source
189411 July – rebuilt St Cuthbert's Church, Edinburgh, dedicated.Scotland source
189419 August – Frederick's Church to its final design by Ferdinald Meldahl, almost 25+ years after its construction was first started by Nicolai Eigtved.Denmark source
1894Mahatma Gandhi becomes the first Indian to be enrolled as an Advocate of the Supreme Court of Natal.South Africa source
1894November 7 – The Masonic Grande Loge de France is founded, splitting from the larger and older Grand Orient de France.source
1894Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)Italy source
1894Gisle Johnson, theologian (born 1822)Norway source
1894New York Giants defeat Baltimore Orioles 4 games to 0 to win the First Temple Cup in the National League of Professional Baseball Clubs.United States source
1894W. J. Davis – Hanes Plwyf Llandysul, first publication by Gomer Press, LlandysulWales source
18956 February – Pope Leo XIII issues a decree blessing the Marian image of Our Lady of Walsingham for Catholic veneration at her newly restored shrine.United Kingdom source
1895March 15 – Heian Shrine is completed in Kyoto, Japan.source
189516 March Ireland 2–2 Wales (in Belfast)Ireland source
1895Edward Carson is re-elected in a Trinity College Dublin seat and as senior MP becomes a member of the Privy Council of Ireland.Ireland source
1895Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)Italy source
1895Henry Jones – A Critical Account of the Philosophy of LotzeWales source
1896March 29 – The Royal College of St Patrick, Maynooth in Ireland is granted the status of pontifical university by charter of the Holy See.source
189613 April: National Council of Women of New Zealand is founded, with Kate Sheppard as its first president.New Zealand source
189614 May – Parish of St Anthony of Padua established in newly expanded Heirnis section of Ghent.Belgium source
1896May 26 – Coronation of Nicholas II and Alexandra Feodorovna in the Dormition Cathedral, Moscow; this will be the last coronation of the Russian monarch. The Qing dynasty is represented at the coronation by Chinese official Li Hongzhang who through September goes on to visit Germany, Britain, Canada and the United States.source
1896May 26 - founding of Oruro RoyalBolivia source
1896July 21 – In Washington, D.C., in response to a "call to confer" issued by Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin to all women of color, the National Association of Colored Women's Clubs is organized.source
189615 September – Pope Leo XIII issues the papal bull Apostolicae curae, declaring all Anglican ordinations to be "absolutely null and utterly void".United Kingdom source
1896Pope Leo XIII is filmed, making him the first ever Pope to be filmed and the earliest-born person to be captured on film. (Note: to view the event in the video above, go to timestamp 3:07)source
1896Pierre Louÿs - Aphrodite: mœurs antiquesFrance source
1896Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)Italy source
1896The Swedish National Council of Women is founded by Ellen Fries.Sweden source
1896Bishop of Menevia, John Cuthbert Hedley, is one of a group of Roman Catholic bishops who successfully petition Pope Leo XIII to lift the ban on Catholic students attending British universities, providing that the universities agreed to allow Catholic professors to teach theology and history, "with such exhaustiveness and soundness that the minds of the young men may be effectively fortified against errors".Wales source
1897February 10 – Freedom of religion is proclaimed in Madagascar.source
1897March 22 – Emilio Aguinaldo unseats Andrés Bonifacio at the Tejeros Convention, becoming the new head of the Filipino revolutionary group Katipunan.source
1897March 22 – The two factions of the Katipunan convene at the Tejeros Convention to resolve the leadership status in the organization.Philippines source
1897April 27 – Grant's Tomb is dedicated in New York.United States source
1897May 24 – Lion of Belfort (Montreal) unveiled.Canada source
189728 July – The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maracaibo is established.Venezuela source
1897July 31 – Mount Saint Elias, the second highest peak in the United States and Canada, is first ascended.source
1897August 29 – The First Zionist Congress convenes in Basel, Switzerland.source
1897September 21 – Francis P. Church responds (anonymously) to a letter to the editor of The Sun (New York City) that is known as the famous "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus" letter.source
189727 October - St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne is consecratedAustralia source
189716 December – Charles-Gustave Walravens appointed bishop of TournaiBelgium source
1897"Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" ("God Bless Africa") is composed as a Xhosa hymn by South African teacher Enoch Sontonga.South Africa source
1897The pan-African anthem "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" ("God Bless Africa") is composed as a Xhosa hymn by South African teacher Enoch Sontonga.source
1897Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)Italy source
1898February 9 – publishing of the De Lôme LetterSpain source
1898March 15 – After two months of production, Ang Kalayaan gets published, bearing a false masthead stating that the printing was done in Yokohama when it was in fact done in Lavezares Street, Binondo, Manila. Marcelo H. del Pilar was stated as the editor, but it was Emilio Jacinto who made the final changes before printing, writing under a penname. Dimas-Ilaw, Aguedo del Rosario, and Apolinario de la Cruz subsidised types free of charge but the publisher, Pio Valenzuela, had to secure more, paying a peso for each type sold by four workforces of the Diario de Manila who stole them from the paper's production press.Philippines source
189814 September – Nordal Church in Norddalsfjord is consecratedNorway source
1898October 9 – Ignatius Ephrem II Rahmani is elected as the new Patriarch of Antioch, leader of the Syriac Catholic Church, subject to the approval of Pope Leo XIII, which is made on November 28.source
1898October 31 – The Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem, is dedicated after the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire presents the area, said to be the site of the Virgin Mary's home, to Germany's Roman Catholics.source
189813–17 July – Eleventh International Eucharistic Congress held in Brussels.Belgium source
1898Kirkeligt Samfund af 1898 is founded by right-leaning Grundtvigians in opposition to Indre Mission as well as left-leaning Grundtvigians.Denmark source
1898'O sole mio the globally known Neapolitan song is composed. Its lyrics were written by Giovanni Capurro and the music was composed by Eduardo di Capua.Italy source
18981 mile – S. Pentecost (Canterbury)New Zealand source
1898Christian Workers Union of Sweden (1898) foundedSweden source
1899January 27 – The Tsar Nicholas II of the Russian Empire decrees that all high officials in the Russian-administered Grand Duchy of Finland shall be required to be fluent in the Russian language.source
1899April 17 – The first elections for the 10-member Legislative Council of the British colony of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), limited to European candidates and voters.source
189927 April – The Apostolic Church of Queensland receives formal recognition as a religious denomination.Australia source
18991 May - Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission at Calcutta.India source
1899May 11 –Pope Leo XIII declares that 1900 will be a jubilee year.source
1899June 11 – Pope Leo XIII issues a declaration of the consecration of the entire human race to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. The consecration follows the issuance of his papal encyclical Annum sacrum, declaring 1900 to be a Holy Year and directing all Roman Catholic churches in the world to implement the Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart during the period of June 9 to June 11, 1899.source
1899July 1 – The International Council of Nurses is founded in London.source
1899October 23 – The Philippine Independent Church is formed at a conference in Paniqui, to separate from the Roman Catholic Church.Philippines source
1899November 30 – The first women to serve, in uniform, in the armed forces of any nation begins service as part of the Canadian Militia Expeditionary Force to Cape Town to serve in the Boer War. Georgina Fane Pope and three other women are enlisted as army nurses.source
18993 December – Antoon Stillemans, bishop of Ghent, suspends Adolf Daens as a diocesan priest due to his political activism for the Christene Volkspartij.Belgium source
1899Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis - Dom CasmurroBrazil source
18999–14 October – The Hanover Congress of the Social Democratic Party of Germany is held.Germany source
1899Monarch – Umberto I (1878–1900)Italy source
1899Fours – A. Luoisson, H. Nalder, A. Bishop and W. Barnett (skip) (Christchurch)New Zealand source