1567 CE

In India, the Battle of Thanesar is fought in what becomes the state of Haryana. The Mughal Emperor Akbar, with 300 men, wins a victory over more than 7,000 warriors of the Sanyasi Hindu sect. Akbar's army has two cannons, 400 rifles and 75 elephants. The Second War of Religion begins in France, when Louis I, Prince of Condé and Gaspard de Coligny fail in an attempt to capture King Charles IX and his mother at Meaux. The Huguenots do capture several cities (including Orléans), and march on Paris. The Second War of Religion is triggered by the events of yesterday. Huguenots go on to capture several cities (including Orléans) and march on Paris.

In the 1560s, the 16th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

April 10 – Henrique I Nerika a Mpudi becomes the new ruler of the Kingdom of Kongo in what becomes the western part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the northern portion of Angola. Henrique succeeds his nephew, Bernardo I of Kongo.source
July 24 – Mary, Queen of Scots, is forced to abdicate, and replaced by her one-year-old son James VI.source
24 July – Abdication of Mary, Queen of Scots (at Lochleven Castle), in favour of her 1-year-old son James VI.Scotland source
July 25 – The city of Santiago de León de Caracas is founded by Diego de Losada.source
December 12 – The Scottish Parliament votes to approve the Act Anent the demission of the Crown in favour of our Sovereign Lord, and his Majesty's Coronation 1567, an act regarding the abdication of Mary Queen of Scots in favor of her son James VI and the coronation of James, and confirms James as the legal ruler. Mary's half brother, James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, is appointed as the regent to rule on behalf of the 18-month-old King of Scotland. In that Moray is absent from Scotland at the time, the Parliament appoints a committee of seven deputy regents to rule on behalf of Moray's power to rule on behalf of King James.source
12 December – The Scottish Parliament votes to approve the Accession and Coronation Act 1567 (Act Anent the demission of the Crown in favour of our Sovereign Lord, and his Majesty's Coronation), confirming the abdication of Mary Queen of Scots in favor of her son James VI and his coronation as the legal ruler of Scotland. Mary's half brother, James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, is appointed as the regent to rule on behalf of the King (as Moray is absent from Scotland at this time, the Parliament appoints a committee of seven deputy regents to rule on on his behalf).Scotland source
The Ancient Diocese of Boulogne is created.France source

Conflict & Security

January 20 – Battle of Rio de Janeiro: Portuguese forces under the command of Estácio de Sá definitively drive the French out of Rio de Janeiro.source
January – A Spanish force under the command of Captain Juan Pardo establishes Fort San Juan, in the Native American settlement of Joara. The fort is the first European settlement in modern-day North Carolina.source
3 February - Polish victory at the Battle of Runafer in Estonia.Sweden source
March 13 – Battle of Oosterweel: A Spanish mercenary army surprises and kills a band of rebels near Antwerp in the Habsburg Netherlands, beginning the Eighty Years' War.source
April 9 – In India, the Battle of Thanesar is fought in what becomes the state of Haryana. The Mughal Emperor Akbar, with 300 men, wins a victory over more than 7,000 warriors of the Sanyasi Hindu sect. Akbar's army has two cannons, 400 rifles and 75 elephants.source
May 8 – Battle of Farsetmore is fought near Letterkenny in Donegal. Shane O'Neill, chief of the O’Neills of Tír Eoghain, is defeated by the MacDonnells led by Aodh mac Maghnusa Ó Domhnaill who thus free themselves from O’Neill overlordship.Ireland source
May - Swedish invasion of Norway.Sweden source
June 15 – Mary, Queen of Scots, is defeated by Scottish nobles at the Battle of Carberry Hill and imprisoned in Lochleven Castle.source
15 June – Battle of Carberry Hill: Mary is defeated by Scottish nobles and imprisoned in Lochleven Castle.Scotland source
September 27 – After the 2-week Siege of Inabayama Castle, the Oda clan capture Gifu Castle from the Saitō clan in Japan.source
September 29 – The Second War of Religion begins in France, when Louis I, Prince of Condé and Gaspard de Coligny fail in an attempt to capture King Charles IX and his mother at Meaux. The Huguenots do capture several cities (including Orléans), and march on Paris.source
September 29 – The Second War of Religion is triggered by the events of yesterday. Huguenots go on to capture several cities (including Orléans) and march on Paris.France source
October until the end of the year – Chittorgarh Fort Siege of 1567, now a heritage site.India source
October - The Danish army under Daniel Rantzau invades Sweden through Halland, Västergötland and Östergötland, during which he pillages Jönköping, Vadstena and Alvastra and settles in Skänninge.Sweden source
November 10 – Battle of Saint-Denis: Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency, with 16,000 Royalists, falls on Condé's 3,500 Huguenots. The Huguenots surprisingly hold on for some hours before being driven off. Montmorency is mortally wounded.source
November 10 – Battle of Saint-Denis: Anne de Montmorency, with 16,000 Royalists, falls on Condé's 3,500 Huguenots. The Huguenots surprisingly hold on for some hours before being driven off. Montmorency is mortally wounded.France source

Exploration & Expansion

Although sparse maritime trade existed since its founding, the Ming dynasty government of China officially revokes the haijin maritime trade ban, reinstating foreign trade with all countries except Japan.source
King Frederick II of Denmark and Norway founds Fredrikstad in Norway.source

Religion & Belief

August 8 – Dr. Robert Weston is sworn in as Lord Chancellor of Ireland. Although a layman, he is also appointed Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.Ireland source
October 7 – Bible translations into Welsh: The New Testament is first published in Welsh, in William Salesbury's translation from the Greek.source

Technology & Infrastructure

Construction of Villa Capra "La Rotonda" in Vicenza, designed by Andrea Palladio, begins. It will be one of the most influential designs in the history of architecture.source

Health & Medicine

August 22 – The Duke of Alba is sent to the Netherlands with a strong Spanish force, to suppress unrest there. He replaces Margaret of Parma as Governor of the Netherlands. Prince William of Orange is outlawed, and Lamoral, Count of Egmont imprisoned.source
October - The regency council, which rules during the illness of the King, releases Prince John.Sweden source

Crime & Justice

10 February – Murder of Lord Darnley, the husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, at the Kirk o' Field in Edinburgh by gunpowder explosion.Scotland source
April 12 – The Earl of Bothwell is acquitted on charges of murder in the February 10 killing of Lord Darnley, the husband of Mary Queen of Scots. Upon acquittal he makes plans to become Mary's new husband.source
12 April – James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, is acquitted on charges of murder in the killing of Lord Darnley. Upon acquittal he makes plans to become Mary's new husband.Scotland source
April 20 – The Ainslie Tavern Bond is signed by a group of Scottish clerics and nobles, recommending Bothwell as an appropriate husband for Queen Mary and approving his acquittal after trial for the murder of her previous husband.source
April 24 – Bothwell takes Mary prisoner at his castle at Dunbar after preventing her from traveling from her palace to Edinburgh, then rapes her.source
24 April – Bothwell takes Mary as a prisoner to Dunbar Castle after preventing her from travelling from Stirling Castle to Edinburgh, then rapes her.Scotland source
May 24 – Sture Murders: The mentally unstable King Erik XIV of Sweden and his guards murder five incarcerated nobles at Uppsala Castle.source
24 May - Erik XIV endures a fit of insanity during which he commits the Sture Murders.Sweden source

Disasters & Accidents

20 November - Linköping is burnt when the Swedish army pursues the Danes out of Sweden.Sweden source
November 21 (10th day of 11th month, Eiroku 10) – In Japan, the Tōdai-ji Great Buddha Hall in the Nara Prefecture is destroyed after a six-month siege by Matsunaga Hisahide against Miyoshi Nagaitsu and the Miyoshi clan. Reconstruction of the temple does not take place until 140 years later in 1709.source
3 December - Norrköping is burnt.Sweden source
December - Söderköping is burnt.Sweden source

Culture & Society

February 4 – Prince Zhu Zaiji, son of the Jiajing Emperor, ascends the throne of Ming dynasty China as the Longqing Emperor.source
20 April – Ainslie Tavern Bond signed in support of the Earl of Bothwell.Scotland source
May 15 – Mary, Queen of Scots, marries the Earl of Bothwell, under duress.source
15 May – Mary, Queen of Scots, marries the Earl of Bothwell, at Holyrood Palace.Scotland source
13 July - The King unofficially marries Karin Månsdotter.Sweden source
July 29 – James VI is crowned at Stirling.source
29 July – Coronation of James VI at Stirling, Church of the Holy Rude.Scotland source
September 9 – At a dinner, the Duke of Alba arrests Lamoral, Count of Egmont and Philip de Montmorency, Count of Horn for treason.source
December 4 – Antão de Noronha, Viceroy of Portuguese India (the modern-day Indian state of Goa) issues decrees prohibiting the public performance of Hindu rituals for marriages, cremations, and sacred thread wearing. Other rules require all natives 15 or older to attend Christian religious services, upon penalty of punishment.source
28 December - The King's secret marriage to Karin Månsdotter is revealed.Sweden source
Rugby School, one of the oldest public schools in England, is founded.source

Births

January 4 – François d'Aguilon, Belgian Jesuit mathematician (died 1617)source
February 12 – Thomas Campion, English poet and composer (died 1620)source
February 24 – Jindřich Matyáš Thurn, Swedish general (died 1640)source
24 February – Jindřich Matyáš Thurn, Swedish general (died 1640)Sweden source
May 2 – Sebald de Weert, Dutch captain, vice-admiral of the Dutch East India Company (died 1603)source
May 9 – John George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1603–1618) (died 1618)source
May 15 – Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer (died 1643)source
August 21 – Francis de Sales, Savoyard Bishop of Geneva and saint (died 1622)source
August 21 – Francis de Sales, Catholic Bishop of Geneva, born in the Duchy of Savoy (died 1622)France source
September 5 – Date Masamune, Japanese daimyō (died 1636)source
September 24 – Martin Fréminet, painter and engraver (died 1619)France source
September – Edward Sutton, 5th Baron Dudley, English landowner (died 1643)source
October 10 – Infanta Catalina Micaela of Spain (died 1597)source
November 1 – Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, 1st Count of Gondomar, Spanish diplomat (died 1626)source
November 7 – Margherita Farnese, Benedictine nun (died 1643)source
November 14 – Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange (died 1625)source
December 18 – Tachibana Muneshige, Japanese samurai and soldier (died 1643)source
Tiobóid na Long Bourke, 1st Viscount Mayo (born at sea), clan chief (died 1629)Ireland source

Deaths

January 23 – Jiajing Emperor of China (born 1507)source
January 23 – After 45 years' reign, the Jiajing Emperor, Zhu Houcong, dies in the Forbidden City of China.source
February 10 – Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, is murdered at the Provost's House in Kirk o' Field, Edinburgh.source
February 10 – Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, consort of Mary, Queen of Scots (born 1545)source
10 February - Henry Stuart, Lord DarnleyScotland source
March 31 – Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (born 1504)source
April 2 – Ernest III, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (born 1518)source
April 18 – Wilhelm von Grumbach, German adventurer (born 1503)source
April 19 – Michael Stifel, German mathematician (born 1487)source
May 2 – Marin Držić, Croatian writer (born 1508)source
24 May - Svante Stensson Sture, statesman (born 1517)Sweden source
June 2 – Shane O'Neill, Irish chieftain (born 1530)source
June 12 – Richard Rich, Lord Chancellor of England (born 1496)source
August 3 – Myeongjong of Joseon, ruler of Korea (born 1534)source
October 31 – Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Princess of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and by marriage Electress Palatine (born 1519)source
November 12 – Anne de Montmorency, 1st Duke of Montmorency, Constable of France (born 1493)source
November 12 – Anne de Montmorency, Constable of France (born 1493)France source
Ali ibn Abd-al-Malik al-Hindi, Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam. One of his famous works is Kanz Ul Ummaal.India source