1713 CE

First Treaty of Utrecht between Britain and Spain. Spain cedes Gibraltar and Menorca. As part of the Treaty of Utrecht, the Spanish Crown agrees the Asiento de Negros with Anne, Queen of Great Britain, granting a subsidiary of the British South Sea Company, the Real Asiento de Inglaterra, a 30-year monopoly in the supply of African slaves to colonial Spanish America. As part of the agreements made at Utrecht to end the War of the Spanish Succession, Great Britain and Spain sign a treaty of commerce and navigation.

In the 1710s, the 18th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • March 27 – First Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and Spain: Philip V is accepted by Britain and Austria as king of Spain; Spain cedes Gibraltar and Menorca to Britain.source
  • 27 March – First Treaty of Utrecht between Britain and Spain. Spain cedes Gibraltar and Menorca.United Kingdomsource
  • April 11 – The Second Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and France ends the War of the Spanish Succession. France cedes Newfoundland, Acadia, Hudson Bay and St Kitts to Great Britain.source
  • 11 April – The Second Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and France ends the War of the Spanish Succession; France cedes Newfoundland, Acadia, Hudson Bay and St Kitts to Great Britain.Francesource
  • May 1 – As part of the Treaty of Utrecht, the Spanish Crown agrees the Asiento de Negros with Anne, Queen of Great Britain, granting a subsidiary of the British South Sea Company, the Real Asiento de Inglaterra, a 30-year monopoly in the supply of African slaves to colonial Spanish America.source
  • May 6 – The Parliament of Ireland is dissolved by Queen Anne and new elections are set.source
  • June 23 – French residents of Acadia are given one year to declare allegiance to Great Britain, or leave Nova Scotia.source
  • July 9 – The Junta de Braços (parliament) of the Principality of Catalonia votes in favour of staying in the War of the Spanish Succession against Philip V of Spain. Army of Catalonia raised.source
  • July 13 – The Treaty of Portsmouth brings an end to Queen Anne's War.source
  • August 8 – The Parliament of Great Britain, third since the Act of Union, is dissolvedsource
  • August 22 – Voting begins in the 1713 British general election in various constituencies and continues to November 12source
  • October 6 – The Treaty of Schwedt is signed between Russia and Brandenburg-Prussia, with the latter accepting the annexation of Baltic territories and paying Russia expenses in return for the southern part of Pomerania, recently taken from Sweden in the Great Northern War.source
  • November 12 – The 1713 British general election concludes with the conservative Tories winning 358 of the 558 available seats in the House of Commons, and the liberal Whigs having 200.source
  • November–December – Parliament of Ireland meets and is prorogued without voting supply beyond the end of the year.Irelandsource
  • December 9 – As part of the agreements made at Utrecht to end the War of the Spanish Succession, Great Britain and Spain sign a treaty of commerce and navigation.source
  • December 21 – Victor Amadeus, Duke of Savoy is crowned King of Sicily at Palermo, and his wife Anne Marie is crowned as Queen consort. The coronation follows Spain's recognition of Sicilian independence, effective September 22, as part of the Treaty of Utrecht.source
  • San Basilio de Palenque officially becomes the first free African town in America, being the first independent place in America from Europeans.source
  • The Treaty of Utrecht. The French cede Newfoundland and the Hudson Bay region. They retain Cape Breton Island and Île Saint-Jean (Prince Edward Island).Canadasource
  • The Treaty of Utrecht ends Queen Anne's War, confirming British possession of Hudson Bay, Newfoundland and Acadia (except Île-Royale Cape Breton Island). France starts building Fortress Louisbourg near the eastern tip of Île-Royale.Canadasource
  • The County of Vallø is established by Frederick IV for Queen Anne Sophie Reventlow,Denmarksource
  • Treaty of Schwedt was signed between Russia and Brandenburg-PrussiaRussiasource
  • Treaty of Adrianople (1713) was signedRussiasource

Conflict & Security

  • January 17 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore leads the Carolina militia out of Albemarle County, North Carolina, in a second offensive against the Tuscarora. Heavy snows force the troops to take refuge in Fort Reading, on the Pamlico River.source
  • February 1 – Skirmish at Bender, Moldova: Charles XII of Sweden is defeated by the Ottoman Empire.source
  • February 4 – Tuscarora War: The Carolina militia under Colonel James Moore leaves Fort Reading, to continue the campaign against the Tuscarora.source
  • March 1 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore's Carolina militia lays siege to the Tuscaroran stronghold of Fort Neoheroka, located a few miles up Contentnea Creek from Fort Hancock.source
  • March 20 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore's Carolina militia launches a major offensive against Fort Neoheroka.source
  • March 23 – Tuscarora War: Fort Neoheroka falls to the Carolina militia, effectively ending the Tuscarora nation's military strength. Two Tuscaroran allies, the Machapunga and Coree tribes, continue offensive actions against North Carolina.source
  • May 2 – In the Great Northern War, a fleet of the Russian Navy, transporting 12,000 soldiers, sails from Kronstadt to attack the Swedish Army at Helsinki.source
  • May 21 – Great Northern War: The Russian fleet lands a force of 10,000 men at Pernå on the southern coast of Finland.source
  • June 1 (approx.) – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore leads the Carolina militia into the Pamlico Peninsula to defeat the Machapunga and Coree tribes.source
  • 13 August – Action between a gallay commanded by Løvendal and two Swedish ships of the line.Denmarksource
  • September 1 – Tuscarora War: The Carolina militia, led by Colonel James Moore, returns to South Carolina, after mixed success in the campaign against the Machapunga and Coree tribes.source
  • October 17 – The Battle of Pälkäne is fought in what is now Finland between Russia and Sweden, with Russia's Fyodor Arpaskin forcing Finnish troops under Carl Gustaf Armfeldt to withdraw.source
  • November 6 – The Dublin election riot breaks out during the fiercely contested Irish General Election. "Police and public order in eighteenth-century Dublin", by Neal Garnham, in Two Capitals: London and Dublin, 1500–1840source
  • December 10 – The rebellion of Richard Raworth, Deputy Governor of Fort St. David (now abandoned and in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu near Cuddalore), against the British East India Company comes to an end after two months when forces sent by Bridish Madras Governor Edward Harrison to negotiate a settlement allowing Raworth to surrender in return for amnesty.source
  • Dublin election riot - A riot breaks out in Dublin during the contested election of the Dublin City constituency by the Whigs and Tories.Irelandsource
  • Battle of Pälkäne fought between Russia and SwedenRussiasource
  • 8–11 May - Russian attack on Helsingfors (Helsinki).Swedensource

Exploration & Expansion

Religion & Belief

  • April 19 – With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, to ensure one of his daughters will inherit the Habsburg lands.source
  • 7 July – Handel's "Utrecht Te Deum and Jubilate" is performed at a service in St Paul's Cathedral to commemorate the Peace of UtrechtUnited Kingdomsource
  • Basil Matthew II becomes Syriac Orthodox Maphrian of the East.source

Economy & Finance

  • 12 November - Following the general election, Sir Humphrey Mackworth is replaced as MP for Cardiganshire by the Whig Thomas Johnes the elder, after a scandal involving the collapse of his Company of Mine Adventures; in the same year, forms the Company of Mineral Manufacturers which remains in business for only six years.Walessource
  • Bank notes are issued for the first time.Denmarksource
  • Two separate systems are introduced with courant and species, with courant being a debased currency also used for banknote issue.Denmarksource
  • Selbo Copper Works (later incorporated into Meraker Brug) was established.Norwaysource

Technology & Infrastructure

  • The Prøvestenen Battery is established in Copenhagen.Denmarksource

Health & Medicine

  • 2 November - Princess Ulrika Eleonora appointed regent of Sweden in her brothers absence.Swedensource

Crime & Justice

  • La Foire de Guibray, farce by Alain-René LesageFrancesource
  • Arlequin Mahomet, farce by Alain-René LesageFrancesource
  • Undated – John Rowley of London produces an orrery to a commission by Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery.United Kingdomsource

Culture & Society

  • January - On the death of John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery (see Deaths), the Golden Grove estate in Carmarthenshire is inherited by a cousin, John Vaughan (1693–1765), who would rebuild Gelli Aur mansion.Walessource
  • February 25 – Frederick William I of Prussia begins his reign.source
  • April 14 – First performance, in London, of Joseph Addison's libertarian play Cato, a Tragedy, which will be influential on both sides of the Atlantic.source
  • 14 April – first performance, in London, of Joseph Addison's libertarian play Cato, a Tragedy.United Kingdomsource
  • May 13 – King Philip V of Spain issues an auto accordado that changes the order of succession for the Spanish throne allowing a female descendant within the House of Bourbon to rule. The change will allow his great-great-granddaughter to ascend the throne in 1833 as Queen Isabella II.source
  • May 17 – Ottone in villa, the first opera by composer Antonio Vivaldi, is given its initial performance, debuting at the Teatro delle Grazie in Vicenzasource
  • 21 July - Lady Anne Vaughan, heiress of the Earl of Carbery, marries Charles Powlett, 3rd Duke of Bolton.Walessource
  • 19 September - Frederik Krag is appointed Vice Steward of Norway.Norwaysource
  • December – the post of Regius Professor of Law at the University of Glasgow is established, considered as the foundation of the University of Glasgow School of Law.Scotlandsource
  • Ars Conjectandi, a seminal work on probability by Jacob Bernoulli, is published eight years after his death, by his nephew, Niklaus Bernoulli.source
  • The Royal Danish Military Academy (Landkadetakademiet) is founded by request of Frederick IV on inspiration from the Naval Academy.Denmarksource
  • Le Tombeau de Nostradamus, farce by Alain-René Lesage, first performed at the Foire de Saint Laurent in 1714.Francesource

Births

  • January 5 – Jorge Juan y Santacilia, Spanish mathematician and naval officer (died 1773)source
  • January 13 – Charlotte Charke, British actor and writer (died 1760)source
  • March 5 – Edward Cornwallis, British military officer, first Governor of Nova Scotia (died 1776)source
  • May 13 – Alexis Clairaut, French mathematician, astronomer, and geophysicist (died 1765)source
  • May 25 – John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, British politician, Prime Minister of Great Britain (died 1792)source
  • 1 August - Richard Wilson, painter (died 1782)Walessource
  • September 16 – Charles Lucas, Irish apothecary, physician and politician (died 1771)source
  • September 23 – Ferdinand VI, king of Spain (died 1759)source
  • October 5 – Denis Diderot, French philosopher (died 1784)source
  • October 13 – Allan Ramsay, Scottish portrait painter (died 1784)source
  • November 24 – Junípero Serra, Spanish Christian missionary (died 1784)source
  • November 24 – Laurence Sterne, Anglo-Irish novelist and Anglican cleric (died 1768)source
  • 24 November – Laurence Sterne, Irish-born English novelist (died 1768)United Kingdomsource
  • December 14 – Martin Knutzen, German philosopher (died 1751)source
  • December 29 – Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, French astronomer (died 1762)source
  • Jean Baptiste de La Vérendrye born September 3, the eldest son of Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye (died 1736).Canadasource
  • Mikhail Volkonsky, Russian statesmanRussiasource

Deaths

  • January 5 – Jean Chardin, French jeweler, traveler and author (born 1643)source
  • January 8 – Arcangelo Corelli, Italian violinist and composer (born 1653)source
  • January 20 – Pavao Ritter Vitezović, Croatian writer, historian, linguist and publisher (born 1652)source
  • February 4 – Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, English politician and philosopher (born 1671)source
  • 4 February – Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, politician and philosopher (born 1671)United Kingdomsource
  • February 11 – Zulfiqar Khan Nusrat Jung, Nawab of the Carnatic (born 1657)source
  • February 12 – Jahandar Shah, Mughal emperor (born 1661)source
  • February 25 – King Frederick I of Prussia (born 1657)source
  • February 28 – Samuel Whiting Jr., American clergyman 1633–1713 (born 1633)source
  • March 26 – Paul I, Prince Esterházy, Palatine of Hungary and Prince of Holy Roman Empire (born 1635)source
  • March 29 – Christian Thomsen Carl, Danish naval officer (born 1676)source
  • 11 April – Anne Clausdatter, businesswoman and owner of Borgestad Manor in Skien (born 1659)Norwaysource
  • April - As a result of the death of Edmund Meyrick, a large bequest is left to Jesus College, Oxford, for scholarships for students from Wales.Walessource
  • August 26 (bur.) – Denis Papin, French inventor (born 1647)source
  • November 7 – Elizabeth Barry, British actress (born 1658)source
  • December 14 – Thomas Rymer, English Historiographer royal (born 1641)source
  • December 15 – Carlo Maratta, Italian painter (born 1625)source
  • Feodor Lopukhin, Russian lawyerRussiasource