1622 CE

A patent is granted for Dud Dudley's process for smelting iron ore with coke. Huguenot rebellions: The Huguenot city of Royan is taken by royal forces, after a short siege. King Christian IV of Denmark invites the Sephardic Jews of Amsterdam in the Dutch Republic to settle in the newly-built Danish town of Lykstad, promising them the free exercise of their religion without persecution. The city remains part of Denmark until 1864 until it is captured in the Second Schleswig War and is now part of Germany as Glückstadt.

In the 1620s, the 17th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • 7 January – John Pym arrested for criticizing the King in Parliament.Englandsource
  • February 8 – King James I of England dissolves the English Parliament.source
  • 8 February – King James I disbands Parliament.Englandsource
  • 5 August – The Earldom of Roscommon is created for James Dillon.Irelandsource
  • 18 September – Henry Cary, 1st Viscount Falkland, is sworn in as Lord Deputy of Ireland.Irelandsource
  • November 25 – King Christian IV of Denmark invites the Sephardic Jews of Amsterdam in the Dutch Republic to settle in the newly-built Danish town of Lykstad, promising them the free exercise of their religion without persecution. The city remains part of Denmark until 1864 until it is captured in the Second Schleswig War and is now part of Germany as Glückstadt.source
  • Portugal loses control of the island of Ormus, after 107 years.source
  • Frederick Hamilton is given lands in Leitrim.Irelandsource
  • The town of Grimstad was founded.Norwaysource

Conflict & Security

  • March 22 – Jamestown massacre: Algonquian natives kill 347 English settlers outside Jamestown, Virginia (one third of the colony's population), and burn the Henricus settlement. This begins the American Indian Wars.source
  • 22 March – in the Jamestown massacre, Algonquian Indians kill 347 English settlers around Jamestown, Virginia (33% of the colony's population) and destroy the Henricus settlement.Englandsource
  • April 16 – Huguenot rebellions: Blockade of La Rochelle ends in royal victory.Francesource
  • 18 April – Oliver St John surrenders the office of Lord Deputy of Ireland. He had served since 1616.Irelandsource
  • April 22 – Hormuz is captured from the Portuguese, by an Anglo-Persian force.source
  • 22 April – Capture of Ormuz from the Portuguese by an Anglo-Persian force.Englandsource
  • April 27 – Thirty Years' War – Skirmish at Mingolsheim: Protestant forces under Mansfeld and Georg Friedrich of Baden-Durlach defeat the Imperial forces under Tilly. The Protestants win, but afterwards Tilly links up with a Spanish army under Gonzalo de Córdoba, greatly increasing his strength.source
  • May 6 – Thirty Years' War: While waiting for the Protestant forces of Christian the Younger of Brunswick to join them, Mansfeld and Georg Friedrich of Baden-Durlach split up their forces as a diversion for the Imperial army of Tilly. Their plan fails, as Tilly manages to cut off Georg Friedrich at Wimpfen. At the ensuing Battle of Wimpfen, Georg Friedrich's army is almost completely destroyed.source
  • May 20 – Ottoman Sultan Osman II is strangled by rebelling Janissaries, who revolted when they heard rumours that Osman II was planning to move against them.source
  • May – Huguenot rebellions: The Huguenot city of Royan is taken by royal forces, after a short siege.source
  • May – Huguenot rebellions: siege of Royan – The Huguenot city of Royan is taken by royal forces after a 6-day siege.Francesource
  • June 11 – Huguenot rebellions: The Huguenot city of Nègrepelisse is taken, after a short siege by royal forces. The entire population of the city is subsequently massacred, and the city is burned to the ground.source
  • June 11 – Huguenot rebellions: siege of Nègrepelisse – The Huguenot city of Nègrepelisse is taken by royal forces after a short siege by royal forces; the entire population is subsequently massacred and the city burned to the ground.Francesource
  • June 20 – Thirty Years' War: Imperial forces under Tilly attempt to prevent Christian the Younger of Brunswick from moving his army across the Main River, to link up with Mansfeld. At the Battle of Höchst, Tilly manages to inflict considerable casualties on the Protestant forces, as well as seizing Brunswick's baggage train. Nonetheless, the bulk of Brunswick's forces manage to unite with Mansfeld.source
  • June 24 – Dutch–Portuguese War – Battle of Macau: The outnumbered Portuguese forces successfully defend Macau from the Dutch fleet, keeping a Portuguese foothold in the Far East.source
  • July 13 – Thirty Years' War: After Mansfeld fails to relieve the siege of Heidelberg, Frederick V of the Palatinate cancels Mansfeld's contract and disbands his army. The unemployed army of Mansfeld and Christian the Younger of Brunswick is subsequently hired by the Dutch.source
  • July 18 – Eighty Years' War: Bergen op Zoom is besieged by a Spanish army, under the command of Ambrogio Spinola.source
  • July 22 – Huguenot rebellions: siege of Montpellier begins.Francesource
  • August 29 – Thirty Years' War: While on their way to relieve the Siege of Bergen-op-Zoom in the Netherlands, the army of Mansfeld and Christian of Brunswick is blocked by a Spanish army, led by Gonzalo de Córdoba. In the Battle of Fleurus, Cordoba manages to fight off the Protestant assault. The next day, Cordoba surprises the retreating Protestant army with his cavalry, resulting in the destruction of most of the Protestant army.source
  • September 19 – Thirty Years' War: Heidelberg, the capital of the Electorate of the Palatinate, is taken by the Imperial army of Tilly' after a three-month siege.source
  • October 2 – Eighty Years' War: After a siege of 86 days, Bergen op Zoom is relieved by a Dutch army led by Maurice of Nassau and Ernst von Mansfeld.source
  • October 18 – Huguenot rebellions: The first Huguenot rebellion ends, with the signing of the Treaty of Montpellier.source
  • October 18 – Treaty of Montpellier signed, ending the siege of Montpellier and the first of the Huguenot rebellions.Francesource
  • October 27 – Huguenot rebellions: The inconclusive Naval battle of Saint-Martin-de-Ré is fought between the Huguenot fleet of La Rochelle, commanded by Jean Guiton, and a royal fleet under the command of Charles of Guise.source
  • November 2 – After a siege of 13 days, the German city of Mannheim is captured from England by a force of Spanish and Imperial Holy Roman troops led by Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly.source
  • November 30 – A fleet of 43 Dutch ships from Suriname attacks the Araya Peninsula in Venezuela in an attempt to halt construction of a Spanish fortress. The Spanish drive the Dutch away after six weeks of fighting, ending January 13, 1623.source
  • December 18 – Portuguese forces with Imbangala allies score a military victory over the Kingdom of Kongo at the Battle of Mbumbi in modern-day Angola as part of the First Kongo-Portuguese War.source
  • War between the Netherlands and Spain recommences, after the Twelve Years' Truce (1609–1621).source
  • Rosicrucianism furor breaks out in Paris.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • May 13 – The Eendracht, a VOC ship and the second recorded European ship to make landfall on Australian soil, is wrecked off the western coast of Ambon Island, Dutch East Indies.source
  • July 13 or July 14 – English and Dutch ships defeat the Portuguese, near Portuguese East Africa.source
  • December 22 – The Spanish colonial city of Bucaramanga is founded in the colony of Nueva Grandada in what is now Colombia.source
  • Dutch ships under Jochem Swartenhont, while escorting a convoy, repel a Spanish squadron near Gibraltar.source
  • Sir Richard Hawkins' narrative of his adventures Voiage into the South Sea published.Englandsource

Religion & Belief

  • January 7 – The Holy Roman Empire and Transylvania sign the Peace of Nikolsburg.source
  • March 12 – Ignatius of Loyola, Francis Xavier, Teresa of Ávila, Isidore the Farmer and Philip Neri are canonized by Pope Gregory XV.source
  • 23 May – Nathaniel Butter begins publication in London of Newes from Most Parts of Christendom or Weekly News from Italy, Germany, Hungaria, Bohemia, the Palatinate, France and the Low Countries, one of the first regular English language newspapers.Englandsource
  • September 5 – Armand Jean du Plessis becomes Cardinal Richelieu.source
  • Albertus Magnus is beatified, and Teresa of Ávila is canonized, by the Roman Catholic Church.source
  • Vicariate Apostolic of England (and Wales) is established.Englandsource
  • Compagnie Ordinaire de la Mer established by Cardinal Richelieu.Francesource
  • Thomas Dease is consecrated Roman Catholic Bishop of Meath, returning to Ireland from Paris.Irelandsource

Technology & Infrastructure

  • 22 February – a patent is granted for Dud Dudley's process for smelting iron ore with coke.Englandsource
  • First record of bottled spring water in England at Holy Well, Malvern.source
  • The Matthias Hansen House on Amagertorv in Copenhagen is built.Denmarksource
  • The Neptune Fountain is installed in the forecourt of Frederiksborg Castle.Denmarksource
  • Boston Manor House is built in London by Dame Mary Reade.Englandsource

Science & Discovery

Crime & Justice

  • A royal commission of inquiry into the Dublin Castle administration is sent from England, headed by Dudley Digges and including James Perrot.Irelandsource

Disasters & Accidents

  • May 25 – The English ship Tryall, which left Plymouth, England for Batavia (now Jakarta), wrecks on the Tryal Rocks, nine months later (the wreck is discovered in 1969).source
  • 25 May – the East India Company ship Tryall sinks when it hits the Tryal Rocks reef off Australia. 94 out of the 143 crew die.Englandsource
  • September 6 – Spanish treasure fleet sinks off Marquesas Keys in the straits of Florida. Atocha, Margarita, and Rosario are the most heavily laden treasure ships found in the 20th century.source

Culture & Society

  • 6 January (probably) – the Banqueting House, Whitehall, is opened with a performance of Ben Jonson's The Masque of Augurs designed by the building's architect, Inigo Jones.Englandsource
  • January – The Courtenay Baronetcy of Newcastle, County Limerick, is created for George Courtenay.Irelandsource
  • 3 May – The Montgomery Viscountcy of the Great Ards in the Peerage of Ireland is created for Hugh Montgomery.Irelandsource
  • Christian IV invites Jews to settle in Denmark.Denmarksource
  • Christian IV establishes a new deer park at present-day Charlottenlund Palace, which was to replace Rosenborg Deer Park at Rosenborg Castle just outside Copenhagen.Denmarksource
  • Francis Bacon publishes his History of the Reign of King Henry VIIEnglandsource

Births

  • January 15 – Molière, French playwright (died 1673)source
  • February 7 – Vittoria della Rovere, Italian noble (died 1694)source
  • February 21 – Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphili, Italian Catholic cardinal (died 1666)source
  • February 24 – Johannes Clauberg, German theologian and philosopher (died 1665)source
  • February 27 – Carel Fabritius, Dutch painter (died 1654)source
  • April 5 – Vincenzo Viviani, Italian mathematician and scientist (died 1703)source
  • April 18 – Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate, German artist (died 1709)source
  • May 22 – Louis de Buade de Frontenac, Governor of New France (died 1698)source
  • August 19 – James Compton, 3rd Earl of Northampton, English politician (died 1681)source
  • 19 August – James Compton, 3rd Earl of Northampton, politician (died 1681)Englandsource
  • August 24 – Samuel Lincoln, American colonial ancestor of Abraham Lincoln (died 1690)source
  • September 21 – Yamaga Sokō, Japanese philosopher (died 1685)source
  • October 15 – Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie, Swedish statesman and military man (died 1686)source
  • 15 October - Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie, statesman and military (died 1686)Swedensource
  • November 8 – Charles X Gustav, King of Sweden (died 1660)source
  • November 30 – Robert van den Hoecke, Flemish painter (died 1668)source
  • 16 December – Cort Adeler, naval officer, admiral (died 1675).Norwaysource
  • Valdemar Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, son of Christian IV (died 1656)Denmarksource

Deaths

  • January 9 – Alix Le Clerc, French Roman Catholic Canoness Regular, foundress and blessed (born 1576)source
  • January 23 – William Baffin, English explorer (born 1584)source
  • 25 January - Charles Philip, Duke of Södermanland, prince (died 1601)Swedensource
  • January 26 – Khusrau Mirza, Mughal prince (born 1587)source
  • February 19 – Sir Henry Savile, English educator (born 1549)source
  • 5 March (bur.) – Christopher Jones, ship's captain, master of the Mayflower (born c. 1570)Englandsource
  • March 31 – Gonzalo Méndez de Canço, Royal Governor of La Florida (born 1554)source
  • May 20 – Osman II, Ottoman Sultan (born 1604)source
  • May 25 – Pedro Páez, Spanish Jesuit missionary in Ethiopia (born 1564)source
  • July 1 – William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle, British politician (born 1575)source
  • September 10 – 55 Christians are executed in Nagasaki during the Great Genna Martyrdom.source
  • September 29 – Conrad Vorstius, German-Dutch Remonstrant theologian (born 1569)source
  • October 9 – John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (born 1545)source
  • November 14 – Miler Magrath, Irish Catholic priest (born 1523)source
  • December 28 – Francis de Sales, Bishop of Geneva and saint (born 1567)source
  • December 28 – Francis de Sales, Catholic Bishop of Geneva (born 1567 in the Duchy of Savoy)Francesource
  • Late November – Squanto (Tisquantum), Native American, last survivor of the Patuxetsource
  • Christoffer Dybvad, mathematician (born 1578)Denmarksource