1927 CE

The Chinese Civil War intensifies as the Shanghai massacre sees Chiang Kai-shek purge Communists from the Kuomintang, while the Autumn Harvest Uprising led by Mao Zedong marks an early Communist insurrection; the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 devastates seven U.S. states, displacing hundreds of thousands; aviator Charles Lindbergh completes the first solo nonstop transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis from New York to Paris; the Ararat rebellion erupts as Kurdish nationalists resist Turkish rule in eastern Anatolia; the Bath School disaster in Michigan kills 45 in the deadliest U.S. school bombing; and The Jazz Singer introduces synchronized sound, launching the era of “talkies” and transforming cinema.

In the 1920s, the 20th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • 9 January – Voters in El Salvador elected National Democratic Party candidate Pío Romero Bosque as President of El Salvador with 192,860 votes and a 100% margin. He was the only candidate.El Salvadorsource
  • 9 February – Romania and Poland ratify the Treaty on Mutual Assistance against Aggression and on Military Aid, to build the Polish–Romanian alliance and protect against potential aggression from the Soviet Union.Romaniasource
  • April 12 – The Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 renames the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The change acknowledges that the Irish Free State is no longer part of the Kingdom.source
  • 12 April – The Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 renames the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The change acknowledges that the Irish Free State is no longer part of the Kingdom.Northern Irelandsource
  • April 18 – The Kuomintang (Nationalist Chinese) set up a government in Nanking, China.source
  • May 3 - A general election and constitutional referendum were held.Liberiasource
  • May 9 – The Australian Parliament convenes for the first time in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. Previously, the Parliament had met in Melbourne, Victoria.source
  • May 20 – By the Treaty of Jeddah, the United Kingdom recognizes the sovereignty of Ibn Saud over the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd, the future Saudi Arabia.source
  • May 24 – The United Kingdom cuts its diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union due to revelations of espionage and underground agitation.source
  • June 4 – Yugoslavia severs diplomatic relations with Albania.source
  • 10 July – Taiwanese People's Party, founded 1927, was nominally Taiwan's first political party.Taiwansource
  • September 4 - 1927 Nicaraguan parliamentary electionNicaraguasource
  • September 25 – A treaty signed by the League of Nations Slavery Commission abolishes all types of slavery.source
  • 15 October – Kemal Atatürk in a six-day speech, called Nutuk, summarized the events in Turkish War of IndependenceTurkeysource
  • November 1 – İsmet İnönü forms a new government in Turkey (the 5th government).source
  • November 12 – Leon Trotsky is expelled from the Soviet Communist Party, leaving Joseph Stalin with undisputed control of the Soviet Union.source
  • December 14 – Iraq gains independence from the United Kingdom.source
  • December – The Communist Party Congress condemns all deviation from the general party line in the USSR.source
  • Between March to May, Mandatory Palestine held its first local elections across 22 municipalities.Mandatory Palestinesource

Conflict & Security

  • January 1 – Cristero War: Rebellion begins with a manifesto issued by René Capistrán Garza.Mexicosource
  • January 24 – U.S. Marines invade Nicaragua by orders of President Calvin Coolidge, intervening in the Nicaraguan Civil War, and remaining in the country until 1933.source
  • February 7 – An attempted military coup in Lisbon, Portugal, is successfully put down.source
  • February 12 – British troops land in Shanghai as a result of UK government concerns about the safety of residents in the British settlement.source
  • February 19 – A general strike takes place in Shanghai in protest against the presence of British troops.source
  • March 24 – Nanking Incident: After six foreigners have been killed in Nanking, and it appears that Kuomintang and Chinese Communist Party forces will overrun the foreign consulates, warships of the U.S. Navy and the British Royal Navy fire shells and shoot to disperse the crowds.source
  • 21–27 March – Nanking IncidentChinasource
  • April 12 Incident (Shanghai Massacre): Kuomintang troops kill a number of communist-supporting workers in Shanghai. The 1st United Front between the Nationalists and Communist ends, and the Civil War lasting until 1949 begins.source
  • April 23 – Cardiff City wins the FA Cup, beating Arsenal 1–0; it is the only time a team from outside England has won the competition.source
  • May 18 – Bath School disaster: A series of violent attacks by a school official results in 45 deaths, mostly of children, in Bath Township, Michigan, United States.source
  • June 9 – The Soviet Union executes 20 people for alleged espionage in retaliation for the assassination two days earlier of Pyotr Voykov, the Soviet ambassador to Poland, at the railway station in Warsaw. Voykov had been shot by 19-year-old Boris Kowerda, an exiled Russian, in retaliation for having signed the death warrants in 1918 for Tsar Nicholas II and the Russian Imperial Family.source
  • July 15 – July Revolt of 1927: After police in Vienna fire on an angry crowd, 85 protesters (mostly members of the Social Democratic Party of Austria) and 5 policemen are left dead; more than 600 people are injured.source
  • July 24 – The Menin Gate is dedicated as a war memorial at Ypres, Belgium.source
  • August 1 – The Communist Chinese People's Liberation Army is formed, during the Nanchang Uprising.source
  • August 22 – 200 people demonstrate in Hyde Park, London, against the death sentences on Italian American anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti. Other protests are held across the world at this time.source
  • 16 September - President Paul von Hindenburg repudiates German responsibility for the Great WarGermanysource
  • 28 September – Fatal communal riots in Dehra Dun, U.P.Indiasource
  • September – The Autumn Harvest Uprising occurs in China.source
  • October 9 – The Mexican government crushes a rebellion in Veracruz.source
  • October 9 - Battle of SapotillalNicaraguasource
  • November 21 – The Columbine Mine massacre: Colorado state police open fire on 500 rowdy but unarmed miners during a strike, killing 6.source
  • 21 November – Government falls after Socialists question policy on military service.Belgiumsource
  • 24 November - Statue of Victory, a monument in Ankara about the Turkish War of Independence (There will be others in the following years)Turkeysource
  • 2–19 December – 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)Soviet Unionsource

Exploration & Expansion

  • January 7 – The Harlem Globetrotters exhibition basketball team play their first ever road game in Hinckley, Illinois.source
  • 7 January – Cape – Sunland to Kirkwood, 14 mi 54 ch.South Africasource
  • 24 March - The Norwegian cargo ship Verdande leaves Cardiff, bound for Las Palmas, Canary Islands. Five bodies and two lifebelts and some lifeboats would later be washed ashore at Boscastle and Bude, Cornwall, leading to the conclusion that the ship had foundered with the loss of all hands.Walessource
  • April 27 – João Ribeiro de Barros becomes the first non-European to make a transatlantic flight, flying from Genoa, Italy, to Fernando de Noronha, Brazil.source
  • June 29–July 1 – Commander Richard E. Byrd, Bernt Balchen, George Noville and Bert Acosta take off from Roosevelt Field, New York, in the Fokker Trimotor airplane America, and cross the Atlantic to the coast of France, having to ditch there because of bad weather; all four men survive the emergency landing.source
  • 29 June – Charles Kingsford Smith and his copilot Charles Ulm complete a round-Australia flight in ten days, five-and-a-half hours.Australiasource
  • 20 September – Kibbutz Beit Zera is established in the Jordan Valley, 15 km south of Tiberias.Mandatory Palestinesource
  • October 4 – Carving of the sculptures at Mount Rushmore, South Dakota, begins.source
  • 11 November – Kristian Prestrud, polar explorer (born 1881)Norwaysource
  • 17 November – Leyland Titan double deck bus introduced. Its low chassis sets a significant trend in bus design which lasts for forty years.United Kingdomsource
  • Canadian anthropologist Davidson Black discovered a fossil molar of Peking Man in a cave near Beijing, ChinaCanadasource
  • 1926–27 New Zealand Māori rugby union tourNew Zealandsource

Religion & Belief

  • 20 March – Mahad Satyagraha lead by B. R. Ambedkar for Dalit rights.Indiasource
  • 1 May – Dioceses of Guildford and of Portsmouth are created in the Church of England.United Kingdomsource
  • 3 May – The Australasian Council of Trade Unions is formed at the All-Australian Trade Union Congress in Melbourne.Australiasource
  • 7 May – General Allenby lays the foundation stone of St Andrew's Church, JerusalemMandatory Palestinesource
  • July 10 – Timothy Coughlan, Bill Gannon and Archie Doyle, members of the anti-Treaty Irish Republican Army, shoot dead Kevin O'Higgins, Vice-President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State and Minister for Justice, as O'Higgins is walking to Mass in Dublin.source
  • July 13 (Wednesday, Tamuz 13, 5687): 12:30 – Rebbe Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn is freed from the imprisonment which began on June 15 (Wednesday, Sivan 15, 5687) at 02:15 in exile, in the Russian town of Kostroma.source
  • 15 September – Belgium loses its seat on the permanent council of the League of Nations.Belgiumsource
  • The Evangelical Presbyterian Church breaks away from the Presbyterian Church in Ireland.Northern Irelandsource
  • The Church of Scotland introduces the Church Hymnary, revised edition.Scotlandsource
  • Edward Tegla Davies - Hen FfrindiauWalessource

Economy & Finance

  • 1 January – the currency was changed: the marks were replaced by the krones.Estoniasource
  • January – Shōwa financial crisis: In the ensuing bank run, 37 banks throughout Japan (including the Bank of Taiwan), and the second-tier zaibatsu Suzuki Shoten, went under. Prime Minister Wakatsuki attempted to have an emergency decree issued to allow the Bank of Japan to extend emergency loans to save these banks, but his request was denied by the Privy CouncilJapansource
  • 5 April – Trade Disputes and Trade Unions Act 1927 forbids strikes of support.United Kingdomsource
  • April 21 – A banking crisis hits Japan.source
  • 1 November – The Palestine pound, the currency of the British Mandate of Palestine between 1927 and 1948, goes into circulation.Mandatory Palestinesource
  • c. October – the Agricultural Credit Corporation is set up to encourage investment in agriculture.Irelandsource
  • Angel Bakeries is founded in Jerusalem by Salomon Angel, later becoming Israel's largest commercial bakery.Mandatory Palestinesource
  • Increase since previous 31 December 1926: 20,700 (1.45%)New Zealandsource
  • Christian Bjelland I, businessperson (born 1858)Norwaysource

Technology & Infrastructure

  • January 1 – The British Broadcasting Company becomes the British Broadcasting Corporation, when its royal charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith becomes the first Director-General.source
  • January 7 – The first transatlantic telephone call is made via radio from New York City, United States, to London, United Kingdom.source
  • February 23 – The U.S. Federal Radio Commission (later renamed the Federal Communications Commission) begins to regulate the use of radio frequencies.source
  • March 14 – Pan American World Airways is founded by Juan T. Trippe.source
  • April 7 – Bell Telephone Co. transmits an image of Herbert Hoover (then the Secretary of Commerce), which becomes the first successful long distance demonstration of television.source
  • May 23 – Nearly 600 members of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and the Institute of Radio Engineers view a live demonstration of television at the Bell Telephone Building in New York City, just over a year after John Logie Baird of Scotland had first demonstrated an electromechanical system to members of the Royal Society in London.source
  • May – Philo Farnsworth of the United States transmits his first experimental electronic television motion pictures, as opposed to the electromechanical TV systems that others have used before.source
  • August 2 – American electrical engineer Harold Stephen Black invents the negative-feedback amplifier.source
  • August 6 – Toronto Union Station is officially opened, by Prince Edward, Prince of Wales.Canadasource
  • August 7 – The Peace Bridge opens between Fort Erie, Ontario, and Buffalo, New York.source
  • The South African Railways (SAR) begins to convert the couplers of its Cape Gauge rolling stock from the Johnston link-and-pin coupling system, which had been in use since 1873, to AAR knuckle couplers.South Africasource
  • September 7 – The first fully electronic television system is achieved by Philo Farnsworth.source
  • September 18 – The Columbia Phonographic Broadcasting System (later known as CBS) is formed in the United States, and goes on the air with 47 radio stations.source
  • 30 October – Maintenance of the famous battleship Yavuz began.Turkeysource
  • November 12 – The Holland Tunnel opens to traffic, as the first vehicular tunnel under the Hudson River, linking New Jersey with New York City.source
  • December 30 – The first Asian commuter metro line, the Tokyo Metro Ginza Line, opens in Japan.source
  • December 30 – Japan's first subway line started running between Asakusa station and Ueno station, Tokyo. The line was called Ginza Line in 1953 (Showa 28, 昭和28年).Japansource
  • Chemical industry started to use oil shale.Estoniasource
  • Emil Lerp invented the transportable gasoline chainsaw.Germanysource
  • Harvey Firestone secured a 99-year lease on 1,000,000 acres of Liberian land for rubber production.Liberiasource
  • Houbi Huang Family Mansion began its construction in 1924 and completed in 1927.Taiwansource

Science & Discovery

  • January 10 – Fritz Lang's futuristic film Metropolis is released in Germany.source
  • 10 January - The film Metropolis is released.Germanysource
  • January 23 – Okuro Oikawa discovers a new asteroid 1266 Tone at the Tokyo Observatory.Japansource
  • February – Werner Heisenberg formulates his famous uncertainty principle, while employed as a lecturer at Niels Bohr's Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen.source
  • March 29 – Henry Segrave breaks the land speed record, driving the Sunbeam 1000 hp at Daytona Beach, Florida.source
  • 9 April – Georg Ossian Sars, marine biologist (born 1837)Norwaysource
  • May 20–21 – Charles Lindbergh makes the first solo, nonstop transatlantic airplane flight, from New York City to Paris, France, in his single-engined aircraft, the Spirit of St. Louis.source
  • June 4–6 – Clarence Chamberlin and Charles Albert Levine take off from Roosevelt Field, New York, and fly to Eisleben, Germany, in the Wright-Bellanca WB-2 Columbia aircraft Miss Columbia, two weeks after Charles Lindbergh's historic solo flight.source
  • 11 June - The Brazilian submarine Humaytá is launched at the Odero-Terni-Orlando shipyard at La Spezia, Italy.Brazilsource
  • June 29 – Solar eclipse of June 29, 1927: A total eclipse of the sun takes place over Wales, northern England, southern Scotland, Norway, northern Sweden, northmost Finland, and the northmost extremes of Russia.source
  • July 1 – The Food, Drug, and Insecticide Administration (FDIA) is established as a United States federal agency.source
  • October – Niels Bohr presents his theoretical principle of complementarity at the Fifth Solvay Conference on Physics.source
  • October – Fifth International Solvay ConferenceBelgiumsource
  • December 17 – Australian cricketer Bill Ponsford makes 437 runs to break his own world record for the highest first-class cricket score at Melbourne Cricket Ground.source
  • Professor Thomas Parnell begins the pitch drop experiment at the University of Queensland. It will go on to become the world's longest continuously running scientific experiment.Australiasource
  • Wallace Rupert Turnbull tested the second design of his variable-pitch propeller, a key development in aviationCanadasource
  • New Zealand Trotting Cup – KoharaNew Zealandsource

Health & Medicine

  • April 20 – Prime Minister Wakatsuki Reijirō is forced to resign during the Shōwa financial crisis and is succeeded by Tanaka Giichi who manages to control the situation with a three-week bank holiday and the issuance of emergency loans.Japansource
  • April - Establishment of the Order of Public InstructionPortugalsource
  • May 2 – Buck v. Bell decided in the Supreme Court of the United States, permitting compulsory sterilization of people with intellectual disability.United Statessource
  • 28 October – Census (population 13,648,270)Turkeysource
  • 8 November - 270 South Wales people join a hunger march in protest against the Ministry of Health who refused and limited the relief notes given to unemployed miners and their families.Walessource
  • Dr. B.R. Ambedkar started temple entry movement in 1927.Indiasource
  • Estimated population as of 31 December: 1,450,400New Zealandsource
  • The pharmaceutical company Galenica is established.Switzerlandsource

Crime & Justice

  • 7 March – End of the Independence TribunalsTurkeysource
  • April 27 – The Carabineros de Chile (Chilean national police force and gendarmerie) are created.source
  • May 12 – British police officers raid the office of the Soviet trade delegation in London.source
  • 12 May – During the Arcos Affair, British police officers raid the headquarters of ARCOS in London.Soviet Unionsource
  • 12 June - Campeonato de Portugal FinalPortugalsource
  • June 13 – Léon Daudet, the leader of the French monarchists, is arrested in France.source
  • René Magritte, The Enchanted Pose; The Meaning of Night; The Menaced AssassinBelgiumsource
  • Rien que les heures, directed by Alberto Cavalcanti on location in FranceBrazilsource
  • Men's pair champions – A. Brakebush, M. Walker (skip) (Auckland Bowling Club)New Zealandsource
  • Desenuri tragice (Tragic Sketches), a short story collection by Hortensia Papadat-Bengescu.Romaniasource
  • Thirteen Class GCA 2-6-2+2-6-2 Double Prairie type Garratt articulated branchline locomotives.South Africasource

Disasters & Accidents

  • January 9 – The Laurier Palace Theatre fire at a movie theatre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, kills 78 children.source
  • January - The British cargo ship Swiftsure collides with another vessel in the Bristol Channel and is beached at Cardiff.Walessource
  • 1 March – an underground gas and coal dust explosion at Marine Colliery, Cwm, Monmouthshire, kills 52.United Kingdomsource
  • May 17 – U.S. Army aviation pioneer Major Harold Geiger dies in the crash of his Airco DH.4 airplane, at Olmsted Field, Pennsylvania.source
  • August 24 – Mihonoseki Incident: The light cruiser Jintsuu and the Momi-class destroyer Warabi, both ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, collided at the mouth of Miho Bay. There were 92 naval personnel who were killed when the Warabi sunk, and 28 were killed aboard the Jintsuu. Captain Keiji Mizushiro (1883–1927) was questioned, but committed suicide before the beginning of the trial.Japansource
  • 26 September – David MacBrayne's paddle steamer Grenadier (1885) catches fire and sinks at her overnight mooring in Oban with the loss of three crew.Scotlandsource
  • October 4 – Worthington mine disaster occurs.Canadasource
  • 3 November – The Sydney ferry Greycliffe is cut in half by the liner RMS Tahiti, killing 40 persons.Australiasource
  • November 14 – Pittsburgh gasometer explosion: Three Equitable Gas storage tanks in the North Side of Pittsburgh explode, killing 26 people and causing damage estimated between $4.0 million and $5.0 million.source
  • December 17 – United States Navy submarine USS S-4 is accidentally rammed and sunk by United States Coast Guard cutter John Paulding off Provincetown, Massachusetts, killing everyone aboard despite several unsuccessful attempts to raise the submarine.source
  • December 17 – The U.S. submarine S-4 is accidentally rammed and sunk by the United States Coast Guard destroyer John Paulding off Provincetown, Massachusetts, killing everyone aboard after several unsuccessful attempts to raise the sub.United Statessource
  • 26 December – Marine accident The ship Sevinç sankTurkeysource

Climate & Environment

  • 8 February – A cyclone makes landfall north of Cairns, causing flooding at Halifax Bay, Ingham, Innisfail, Tully, Cardwell and Townsville. Thirty-six people are killed, and twenty are missing.Australiasource
  • February 14 – A magnitude 6.1 earthquake, with a maximum MSK intensity of VII–VIII (Very strong – Damaging), kills 50 in Yugoslavia.source
  • March 7 – 1927 Kita Tango earthquake: A 7.0 Mw earthquake kills at least 2,925 in the Toyooka and Mineyama areas of western Honshu, in Japan.source
  • March 7 – Kita Tango earthquake: with a moment magnitude of 7.0. Up to 2,956 people were killed 7,806 were injured. Almost all the houses in Mineyama (now part of Kyōtango) were destroyed as a result. The earthquake was felt as far away as Tokyo and Kagoshima.Japansource
  • 14 April – An earthquake in Mendoza Province causes three deaths and several injuries.Argentinasource
  • April 22–May 5 – The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 strikes 700,000 people, in the greatest natural disaster in American history through this time.source
  • May 22 – The 7.6 Mw Gulang earthquake affects Gansu in northwest China with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), leaving over 40,000 dead.source
  • 22 May – 1927 Gulang earthquakeChinasource
  • June – The volcanic island of Anak Krakatau begins to form in the Sunda Strait of Indonesia.source
  • July 11 – The 1927 Jericho earthquake strikes Palestine, killing around 300 people; it is the largest ever recorded in this part of the Middle East. The effects are especially severe in Nablus, but damage and fatalities are also reported in many areas of Palestine and Transjordan, such as Amman, Salt, Jordan, and Lydda.source
  • 11 July – A 6.2-magnitude earthquake occurs in the regions of Palestine and Transjordan, killing an estimated 500 people. The effects are especially severe in Jerusalem and Nablus, but damage and fatalities are also reported in many other areas, including parts of Transjordan, in particular the town of Salt.Mandatory Palestinesource
  • August 24–25 – The 1927 Nova Scotia hurricane hits the Atlantic Provinces of Canada, causing massive damage and at least 56 deaths.source
  • 25 August – The 6.8 Muk Tainan earthquake shook southwestern Taiwan, killing 9–30 and injuring 27–100.Taiwansource
  • September 29 – The East St. Louis Tornado kills 79 people and injures 550, the 2nd costliest and at least 24th deadliest tornado in U.S. history.source
  • November 3–4 – Great Vermont Flood of 1927: Floods devastating Vermont cause the "worst natural disaster in the state's history".source
  • December 29 – Eruption of the Perboewatan and Danan undersea volcanoes near Krakatoa, create the foundation for Anak Krakatau Island.source
  • December - The Dearborn Independent is closed down after Lawsuits regarding antisemitic material published in the paper caused owner Henry Ford to close it.United Statessource
  • Two Class NG G12 2-6-2+2-6-2 Double Prairie type narrow gauge Garratt locomotives. They are the smallest Garratt locomotives to see service in South Africa.South Africasource

Culture & Society

  • 3 January – The opening of Central Bookstore in Taichū Prefecture.Taiwansource
  • January 11 – Louis B. Mayer, head of film studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), announces the creation of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, at a banquet in Los Angeles, California.source
  • February 19 – In the United States, the silent romantic comedy film It starring Clara Bow, is released, popularising the concept of the "It girl".source
  • March 4 – A diamond rush in South Africa includes trained athletes, who have been hired by major companies to stake claims.source
  • 20 March - Establishment of S.L. Benfica (basketball)Portugalsource
  • 27 March – C.D. Vendaval Apopa, a Salvadoran football club, was established.El Salvadorsource
  • 1 April – The Hashomer Hatzair kibbutzim federate into the Kibbutz Artzi movement.Mandatory Palestinesource
  • 18 April – The first greyhound racing track in Ireland opens at Celtic Park (Belfast).Northern Irelandsource
  • May 11 – The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, which will create the Academy Awards, is founded in the United States.source
  • 24 July – The Legion of the Archangel Michael, a precursor to the Iron Guard, is founded by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu.Romaniasource
  • August 10 – The Mount Rushmore Park is rededicated in the United States. President Calvin Coolidge promises national funding for the proposed carving of the presidential figures.source
  • October 6 – The Jazz Singer, starring Al Jolson, premieres at the Warner Theater in New York City. Although not the first sound film, and containing very little recorded speech, it is the first to become a box-office hit, popularizing "talkies" (although silent films continue to be made for some time).source
  • 29 November – The World Chess Championship, played in Buenos Aires over a period of more than two months, is won by Russian Alexander Alekhine, scoring +6−3=25.Argentinasource
  • December 1 – Chiang Kai-shek marries Soong Mei-ling in Shanghai.source
  • date unknown - The Brazilian Chess Championship is held for the first time, in Rio de Janeiro.Brazilsource

Births

  • January 30 – Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden (died 1986)source
  • 7 February – Raimund Hagelberg, economist and professor (died 2012)Estoniasource
  • February 10 – Leontyne Price, African-American sopranosource
  • February 20 – Sidney Poitier, Bahamian-American actor, film director, (Oscar winner for Lilies of the Field) (died 2022)source
  • March 1 – Harry Belafonte, Jamaican-American musician, actor, and civil rights activist (died 2023)source
  • March 6 – Gabriel García Márquez, Colombian author, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2014)source
  • 16 March – Vladimir Komarov, test pilot and cosmonautSoviet Unionsource
  • March 31 – César Chávez, American labor activist, United Farm Workers founder (died 1993)source
  • April 1 – Ferenc Puskás, Hungarian footballer (died 2006)source
  • 8 April – Deborah Brown, sculptor (died 2023).Northern Irelandsource
  • April 16 – Pope Benedict XVI (died 2022)source
  • April 27 – Coretta Scott King, African-American civil rights leader, wife of Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (died 2006)source
  • 6 August – Arturo Armando Molina, politicianEl Salvadorsource
  • August 18 – Rosalynn Carter, First Lady of the United States (died 2023)source
  • October 14 – Sir Roger Moore, English actor (died 2017)source
  • November 2 – Steve Ditko, American comic-book writer and artist (died 2018)source
  • November 8 – Nguyễn Khánh, South Vietnamese politician and military leader, (died 2013)source
  • December 5 – Bhumibol Adulyadej, King Rama IX of Thailand (died 2016)source

Deaths

  • January 9 – Houston Stewart Chamberlain, English-born German author (born 1855)source
  • January 19 – Empress Carlota of Mexico (born 1840)source
  • June 1 – Lizzie Borden, American woman accused and acquitted of parricide (born 1860)source
  • June 9 – Victoria Woodhull, American feminist, spiritualist and first woman to ever run for U.S. President (born 1838)source
  • 13 July - Mimar Kemaleddin Bey (born in 1871), architectTurkeysource
  • July 15 – Constance Markievicz, Irish politician (born 1868)source
  • 20 July – King Ferdinand (born 1865).Romaniasource
  • July 23 – Reginald Dyer, British army officer, perpetrator of Jallianwala Bagh massacre (born 1864)source
  • 23 July – Arthur Hoffmann, politician (born 1857)Switzerlandsource
  • August 7 – Leonard Wood, American general (born 1860)source
  • August 23 – Nicola Sacco, Italian anarchist (born 1891) (executed)source
  • August 23 – Bartolomeo Vanzetti, Italian anarchist (born 1888) (executed)source
  • September 14 – Isadora Duncan, British-born American dancer (born 1877)source
  • October 10 – Gustave Whitehead, German-born aviation pioneer (born 1874)source
  • October 25 – The Italian ocean liner Principessa Mafalda capsizes off Porto Seguro, Brazil; at least 314 people are killed.source
  • October 30 – Arthur Nash, American businessman (born 1870)source
  • 16 November – Adolph Joffe, diplomat, committed suicide (born 1883)Soviet Unionsource
  • December 19 – Three members of the revolutionary movement for Indian independence – Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil, Thakur Roshan Singh and Ashfaqulla Khan – are executed by the British Raj. Rajendra Nath Lahiri had been executed two days before.source