1735 CE
Engraving Copyright Act ('Hogarth's Act') takes effect on being given royal assent, the first of a series of copyright protection laws, to protect original engravings against unauthorized copies. (August 5 old style) – John Peter Zenger of The New York Weekly Journal becomes a symbol of freedom of the press when he is acquitted of seditious libel against William Cosby, the British Governor of the Province of New York. A jury concludes that what Zenger published was true. Sir Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, becomes the first British premier to move into London's 10 Downing Street.
In the 1730s, the 18th century.
Geopolitics & Diplomacy
- March 10 – The Russian Empire and Persia sign the Treaty of Ganja, with Russia ceding territories in the Caucasus mountains to Persia, and the two rivals forming a defensive alliance against the Ottoman Empire.source
- March 11 – Abraham Patras becomes the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia) upon the death of Dirck van Cloon.source
- April 13 – Emperor Sakuramachi accedes to the throne of Japan.source
- August - Arvid Horn renews the treaty between Sweden and Russia.Swedensource
- September 22 – Sir Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, becomes the first British premier to move into London's 10 Downing Street.source
- 22 September – Robert Walpole moves into 10 Downing Street.United Kingdomsource
- October 3 – An agreement between the European powers brings a ceasefire in the War of the Polish Succession, one week short of the second anniversary of the war. With France and Spain on the side of the reigning monarch, Stanisław Leszczyński, and Prussia, Russia and Austria supporting Augustus III, a preliminary peace is signed that is ratified as the Treaty of Vienna (1738). By the terms of the treaty, Stanisław Leszczyński renounces his claim on the Polish throne and recognizes Augustus III, Duke of Saxony. As compensation he receives instead the duchies of Lorraine and Bar which are to pass to France upon his death.source
- October 18 – In China, Qianlong succeeds his father, Yongzheng, as Emperor and begins a 60-year-long reign within the Qing dynasty.source
- Arendal is incorporated as a city through a royal charter.Norwaysource
- The Treaty of Ganja was a peace agreement signed in March 1735 between the Russian empire and the Persian empire (under Nader Shah) in the city of Ganja (in modern-day Azerbaijan). The treaty ended hostilities between the two powers and played a key role in reshaping territorial control in the Caucasus region.Russiasource
- Alliance with Austria: Russia and Austria strengthened their alliance against the Ottoman Empire, coordinating their military efforts for the upcoming years of war.Russiasource
Conflict & Security
- 10 May – Charles Macklin unintentionally kills fellow actor Thomas Hallam after a dispute during a performance at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London. He is later tried and convicted of manslaughter.United Kingdomsource
- September 4 – Al-Husayn I ibn Ali, the first Bey of Tunis (modern-day Tunisia) is defeated at the Battle of Smindja by Abu l-Hasan Ali I with the help of Ibrahim ben Ramdan, the Dey of Algiers.source
- Russo-Turkish War, 1735-1739: Russian forces fail to occupy the Crimea, due to rasputitsa.source
- The Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39) begins: In 1735, Russia entered into conflict with the Ottoman Empire, marking the start of the Austro-Russian-Turkish War (1735-1739) This was initiated partly due to Russian ambitions to expand southward and to support Austria against the Ottomans.Russiasource
- Crimean Campaigns: Russian forces began military operations against the Crimean Khanate, an Ottoman vassal. In this year, the Russian army launched the First Crimean Campaign, attempting to weaken the Khanate and gain access to the Black Sea. However, the campaign faced logistical difficulties with disease, limiting its success.Russiasource
Exploration & Expansion
- October 14 – John Wesley and his brother Charles set sail from England for Savannah in the Province of Georgia in British America; on the voyage they first encounter members of the Moravian Church.source
- 14 October – John Wesley and his brother Charles set sail from England for Savannah in the Province of Georgia in British America; on the voyage they first encounter members of the Moravian Church.United Kingdomsource
- The Danish-Norwegian Grain Monopoly was introduced, a trade policy that banned the import of foreign grain into Denmark and southern and eastern Norway, the monopoly lasted until 1788.Norwaysource
Religion & Belief
- January 2 – Alexander Pope's poem Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot is published in London.source
- 2 January – Alexander Pope's poem Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot is published in London.United Kingdomsource
- 17 March - The Freemasonry is introduced to Sweden by Axel Wrede Sparre.Swedensource
- 20 April – religious conversion of Howell Harris at Talgarth church, marking a beginning of the Welsh Methodist revival.United Kingdomsource
- 20 April – Religious conversion of Howell Harris at Talgarth, marking a beginning of the Welsh Methodist revival.Walessource
- December 19 – At the age of 8 years old, Prince Luis of Spain becomes the youngest Roman Catholic Cardinal in history, after being named by Pope Clement XII.source
- Catholic priest Jean-Pierre Aulneau went to Fort St. Charles with Pierre La Vérendrye as a missionary.Canadasource
- Vemmetofte Convent is established after the death of Princess Sophia Hedwig through her will.Denmarksource
- c. December – Bishop George Berkeley's economic text The Querist begins publication anonymously in Dublin.Irelandsource
- Unscrupulous London publisher Edmund Curll produces Letters of Mr. Pope, and Several Eminent Persons containing forgeries.United Kingdomsource
Economy & Finance
- September 14 – The Kingdom of France approves the issue of "card money" in the total amount of 200,000 livres to serve as currency in its Louisiana territory in America.source
Technology & Infrastructure
- 8 August – Wade's Bridge, Aberfeldy, built and opened in 1733, is formally opened in the presence of General George Wade.Scotlandsource
- The King's Highway (Charleston to Boston) is completed.source
- Quebec: Construction begins on the Chemin du roy between Quebec and Montreal.source
- Probable date – Founded by Jehan-Jacques Blancpain in Villeret, Switzerland, Blancpain becomes the first registered watch brand in the world.source
- A shipbuilding industry begins in Mumbai.source
- Leonhard Euler solves the Basel problem, first posed by Pietro Mengoli in 1644, and the Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem.source
- Niderviller pottery established.Francesource
- Construction of the Magazine Fort in Phoenix Park, Dublin, begins.Irelandsource
Science & Discovery
- May 22 – George Hadley publishes the first explanation of the trade winds.source
- 22 May – George Hadley publishes the first explanation of the trade winds.United Kingdomsource
- Cobalt is discovered and isolated by Georg Brandt, the first metal element found since ancient times.source
Health & Medicine
- September – Griffith Hughes records in his diary that he has broken his "knee pan" while travelling in Pennsylvania on behalf of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel.Walessource
- November 30 – The Netherlands becomes the first government to announce a prohibition against citizens joining the Freemasons.source
- December 6 – The second successful appendectomy is performed by naturalised British surgeon Claudius Aymand at St George's Hospital in London (the first was in 1731).source
- 6 December – the second successful appendectomy is performed by naturalised French-born surgeon Claudius Aymand at St George's Hospital in London (the first was in 1731).United Kingdomsource
Crime & Justice
- 25 June – Engraving Copyright Act ('Hogarth's Act') takes effect on being given royal assent, the first of a series of copyright protection laws, to protect original engravings against unauthorized copies.United Kingdomsource
- August 16 (August 5 old style) – John Peter Zenger of The New York Weekly Journal becomes a symbol of freedom of the press when he is acquitted of seditious libel against William Cosby, the British Governor of the Province of New York. A jury concludes that what Zenger published was true.source
- The Speigelberg Company tour Sweden and is confirmed to have performed in Norrköping this year.Swedensource
- William Hogarth's A Rake's Progress series of paintings are published as engraved prints in London.United Kingdomsource
- Lewis Morris – Tlysau yr Hen OesoeddWalessource
Disasters & Accidents
- February 3 – All 256 people on board the Dutch East India Company ships Vliegenthart and Anna Catherina die when the two ships sink in a gale off of the Netherlands coast. The wreckage of Vliegenthart remains undiscovered until 1981.source
Climate & Environment
Culture & Society
- January 8 – George Frideric Handel's opera Ariodante is premièred at the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London.source
- 8 January – premiere of George Frideric Handel's opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in London.United Kingdomsource
- February 14 – The Order of St. Anna is established in Russia, in honor of the daughter of Peter the Great.source
- 12 March - The first Holiday Peace Act was introduced.Norwaysource
- April 16 – Alcina, George Frideric Handel's Italian opera, premieres at the Royal Opera House in Covent Garden, London.source
- 16 April – London premiere of Alcina by Handel, his first Italian opera for the Royal Opera House.United Kingdomsource
- 10 May - Kongliga Ritarakademien is created: it is re-founded as the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts in 1773.Swedensource
- June 25 – In Great Britain, the Engraving Copyright Act 1734, the first of a series of copyright protection laws, takes effect after being given royal assent by King George II.source
- November 25 – The largest bell in the world, the 22 foot diameter Tsar Kolokol, is successfully cast in Moscow within the Kremlin.source
- Linnaeus publishes his Systema Naturae.source
- Thomas Carte's An History of the Life of James, Duke of Ormonde begins publication in London.Irelandsource
- The first known printed poetry by an Ulster Scots writer (in the Habbie stanza form) is published in a broadsheet in Strabane.Irelandsource
- Richard Leveridge writes a melody to Henry Fielding's The Roast Beef of Old England.United Kingdomsource
- date unknown – Swansea-born Beau Nash appoints himself Master of Ceremonies at Tunbridge Wells, where a public house is later named after him.Walessource
Births
- January 1 – Paul Revere, American silversmith and patriot (died 1818)source
- January 8 – John Carroll first Roman Catholic Archbishop in the U.S. (died 1815)source
- 8 January – John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent, Royal Navy admiral (died 1823)United Kingdomsource
- January 9 – John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent, British Royal Navy admiral (died 1823)source
- February 13 – Crown Prince Sado of Joseon (died 1762)source
- 1 March – John Price, librarian (died 1813)Walessource
- March 29 – Johann Karl August Musäus German author (died 1787)source
- May 23 – Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne, (died 1814)source
- August 7 - Claudine Picardet, French chemist, mineralogist, meteorologist and scientific translator (died 1820)source
- September 5 – Johann Christian Bach, German composer (died 1782)source
- September 6 – John Joseph Merlin, born Jean-Joseph Merlin, Liège-born clock- and musical-instrument-maker and inventor (died 1803)source
- September 28 – Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1811)source
- October 9 – Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick (died 1806)source
- October 30 – John Adams, second president of the United States (died 1826)source
- November 10 – Granville Sharp, English abolitionist (died 1813)source
- December 31 – Jean de Crévecoeur, French-American writer (died 1813)source
- Alexander McKee, agent for the Indian Department (died 1799)Canadasource
- Pyotr Krechetnikov (born 1735 - died 1800) - Russian general who would later participate in the Russo-Turkish wars and the suppression of uprisings in Poland.Russiasource
Deaths
- January 13 – Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg, Queen consort of Sardinia (born 1706)source
- January 18 – Maria Clementina Sobieska, Polish noble (born 1702)source
- February 27 – John Arbuthnot, British physician and author (born 1667)source
- 27 February – John Arbuthnot, physician and author (born 1667)United Kingdomsource
- 13 March – Princess Sophia Hedwig, princess of Denmark (born 1677)Denmarksource
- April 5 – William Derham, English minister and writer (born 1657)source
- 5 April – Sir Edward Stradling, 5th Baronet, MP for Cardiff and Sheriff of Glamorgan, 62Walessource
- April 8 – Francis II Rákóczi, Hungarian rebel against the Habsburgs (born 1676)source
- April 25 – Samuel Wesley, English poet, religious leader (born 1662)source
- June 10 – Thomas Hearne, British antiquarian (born 1678)source
- June 15 – Lê Thuần Tông, Emperor of Đại Việt since 1732, dies at the age of 36 and is succeeded by Lê Ý Tông.source
- July 18 – Johann Krieger, German composer and organist (born 1651)source
- July 29 – Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Prussian queen consort (born 1685)source
- August 30 – Edward Harley, English politician (born 1664)source
- September 27 – Peter Artedi, Swedish naturalist (drowned) (born 1705)source
- October 8 – Yongzheng Emperor of Qing China (born 1678)source
- December 14 – Thomas Tanner, English bishop, antiquarian (born 1674)source
- Andrey Osterman's wife, Anna Ivanona Zhemchugova, is believed to have died around this time, although exact details are unclear. She was connected to one of the most influential statesmen in Anna's court.Russiasource