1710 CE

Pylyp Orlyk, a Cossack of Ukraine, is elected as the Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host and immediately issues the Pacts and Constitutions of Rights and Freedoms of the Zaporizhian Host. Battle of Sirhind: An army of 70,000 Sikh rebels, led by Banda Singh Bahadur defeat a force of 25,000 Mughal Empire troops commanded by General Wazir Khan, who is killed in the combat. The battle takes place near Sirhind in what is now the Indian state of Punjab. The start of the Mascate War (a.k.a. the War of the Peddlers) between two rival mercantile groups the Zillioto family and the Astrid family in colonial Brazil.

In the 1710s, the 18th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • January 1 – In Prussia, Cölln is merged with Alt-Berlin by Frederick I to form Berlin.source
  • February 17 – Mauritius, a Dutch colony since 1638, is abandoned by the Dutch.source
  • April 5 – Pylyp Orlyk, a Cossack of Ukraine, is elected as the Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host and immediately issues the Pacts and Constitutions of Rights and Freedoms of the Zaporizhian Host.source
  • June 8 – The Tuscarora nation sends a petition to the Province of Pennsylvania, protesting the seizure of their lands and enslavement of their people, by citizens of the Province of Carolina.source
  • 11 August – a Tory administration is formed with Robert Harley as Chancellor of the Exchequer following the fall of the Whig government.United Kingdomsource
  • 25 November – following the general election, the fourth parliament of Queen Anne's reign is composed mainly of Tory MPs.United Kingdomsource
  • Three Mohawk chiefs and one Mahican are received in Queen Anne's court in England as the Four Kings of the New World.Canadasource
  • The English take Port Royal and name it Annapolis Royal.Canadasource
  • The English recapture Acadia, this time permanently, and rename it Nova Scotia.Canadasource
  • Capitulation of Estonia and Livonia, with the Swedish dominions Estonia and Livonia being integrated into the Russian empire in 1710.Russiasource
  • Sir Edward Stradling, 5th Baronet, becomes MP for Cardiff.Walessource
  • John Meyrick becomes MP for Cardigan Boroughs.Walessource

Conflict & Security

  • February 28 (Swedish calendar) February 27 (Julian). March 10 (Gregorian) – Battle of Helsingborg: Fourteen thousand Danish invaders, under Jørgen Rantzau, are decisively defeated by an equally large Swedish army, under Magnus Stenbock.source
  • March 1 – The Sacheverell riots start in London with an attack on an elegant Presbyterian meeting-house in Lincoln's Inn Fields, followed by riots through the West End of London.source
  • 10 March – The Battle of Helsingborg.Denmarksource
  • 15 July – 10 October - Capitulation of Estonia and LivoniaSwedensource
  • 16 July – War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Almenar: victory of the Habsburg monarchy in alliance with Britain against Bourbon Spain.United Kingdomsource
  • July 27 – The Battle of Almenar takes place in the Iberian theatre of the War of the Spanish Succession.source
  • August 20 – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Saragossa: The Spanish-Bourbon army, commanded by the Marquis de Bay, is soundly defeated by the forces of the Habsburg monarchy, under Guido Starhemberg and their allies.source
  • September 26 – Great Northern War – Capitulation of Livonia: the Swedish garrison in Riga surrenders, ending Swedish rule in modern Latvia.source
  • September 28 − Archduke Charles enters MadridSpainsource
  • October 4 – Great Northern War – the Battle of Køge Bay between Denmark and Norway has an indecisive outcome.source
  • October 5 – October 13 - British forces under Francis Nicholson conduct the successful Siege of Port Royal against a French Acadian garrison and the Wabanaki Confederacy at the Acadian capital, Port Royal, marking the start of British control of what became Nova Scotia.source
  • October 10 – Great Northern War – Capitulation of Estonia: the Swedish garrison in Reval (Tallinn) surrenders, ending Swedish rule in Estonia.source
  • October 11 – The Battle of Rahon is fought between Sikhs and Mughal Empire.source
  • October 13 – Queen Anne's War – Siege of Port Royal: The French surrender, giving the British permanent possession of Nova Scotia.source
  • October – The start of the Mascate War (a.k.a. the War of the Peddlers) between two rival mercantile groups the Zillioto family and the Astrid family in colonial Brazil.source
  • December 8 – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Brihuega: An outnumbered British force under James Stanhope is forced to surrender.source
  • December 10 – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Villaviciosa: The indecisive battle between retreating Austrian-Dutch forces and a Franco-Spanish army is fought out.source
  • December 10 – The Battle of Lohgarh takes place between Sikh forces and the Mughal army.source
  • December 10 − Battle of VillaviciosaSpainsource
  • Francis Nicholson captures Port Royal for England.Canadasource
  • The Lemfortstøtta monument at Stiklestad, commemorating the Battle of Stiklestad, was erected.Norwaysource

Exploration & Expansion

  • June – Protestant Swiss and German Palatines, under the leadership of Christoph von Graffenried, travel to Bath County in the Province of Carolina. The settlers displace the native town of Chattoka and found New Bern, named for von Graffenried's hometown of Bern in Switzerland.source
  • September 7 – In Jonathan Swift's satirical Gulliver's Travels, fictional Gulliver sets off on his fourth and final journey, a voyage to the Land of the Houyhnhnms.source
  • November 30 – The first visit to the Pacific islands of Palau is made by a Jesuit expedition led by Francisco Padilla; unfortunately, the ship is driven to Mindanao by a storm, leaving two priests stranded.source
  • Explorer Juan Arias Diaz becomes the first non-Incan visitor to Choquequirao, an Inca site in Peru.source
  • Dry stone dykes (i.e. walls) built in Galloway to enclose land on a large scale.Scotlandsource

Religion & Belief

  • April 18 – Thomas Hancorne gives the county of Swansea's assize sermon, "The right way to honour and happiness" in which he espouses his High Church beliefs.source
  • 30 September - John Ellis becomes Rector of Llandwrog and is made a canon of Bangor Cathedral.Walessource
  • November 24 – Francisco di Ratta and his two nephews Giuseppe di Ratta and Luigi di Ratta is given the title Marquis of Mandal.Norwaysource
  • John Smithwick begins brewing Smithwick's ale at Kilkenny, Ireland (St. Francis Abbey Brewery).source
  • Founding of Pushkin, Saint Petersburg in 1710 under the name of Tsarskoye Selo (Tsar's Village), which was the residence of the Russian imperial family (House of Romanov) and other visiting nobles.Russiasource
  • Civil script (гражданский шрифт) was imposed by Peter The Great in 1710, making it easier to read and write Russian.Russiasource
  • Founding of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra Monastery, established by Peter The Great in 1710.Russiasource
  • John Wynne obtains permission from the bishop's court to change the name of Trelawnyd to "Newmarket", in his quest to make it a centre of the lead industry.Walessource
  • William Fleetwood, Bishop of St Asaph, encourages his clergy to preach in the Welsh language.Walessource
  • John Davies - Flores Poetarum BritannicorumWalessource

Economy & Finance

Technology & Infrastructure

  • March 6 – The ancient Roman Pillar of the Boatmen is found during the construction of a crypt under the nave of Notre-Dame de Paris.source
  • April 10 – The world's first copyright legislation, Britain's Statute of Anne, becomes effective.source
  • 10 April – the Statute of Anne, the world's first copyright legislation, becomes effective.United Kingdomsource
  • Jacob Christoph Le Blon, working in Amsterdam, invents a three-color printing process with red, blue, and yellow plates, a precursor of the modern CMYK printing process.source
  • John Smithwick begins brewing Smithwick's ale at Kilkenny.Irelandsource
  • Creation of the Outline Map of All Countries of the Universe (Nansenbushu Bankoku Shoka No Zu). This is the first Japanese printed map to depict the geographical world.Japansource

Health & Medicine

  • July - The Great Northern War plague outbreak reach Stockholm.Swedensource
  • August–September - The Great Northern War plague outbreak spread from the capital to the Swedish country.Swedensource
  • Alexis Littré, in his treatise Diverses observations anatomiques, is the first physician to suggest the possibility of performing a lumbar colostomy for an obstruction of the colon.source
  • Ladegården is converted into a military hospital.Denmarksource
  • A Visitation of the Archdeaconry of Carmarthen to Llandissilio finds that, out of about 120 families in the parish, 40 attend church at Easter, 20 at Whitsuntide and 20 at Christmas and notes that "the Minister suffers in his reputation for being addicted to drinking and swearing".Walessource

Crime & Justice

  • January 4 – Robert Balfour, 5th Lord Balfour of Burleigh, two days before he is due to be executed for murder, escapes from the Edinburgh Tolbooth by exchanging clothes with his sister.source
  • 27 February–21 March – trial of Henry Sacheverell for preaching criticism of the Glorious Revolution which is considered subversive by the Whig government.United Kingdomsource
  • 21 March – A verdict is given in the trial of High Church clergyman Henry Sacheverell, leading to riots breaking out in a number of places, including Wrexham, where a rabble breaks the windows of dissenters' homes and their meeting house.Walessource
  • June 24 – In the Isle of Man, Manx coins become legal tender.source
  • August 1 – Woldemar Løvendal was appointed Steward of Norway.Norwaysource
  • A committee of the House of Commons declares Sir Humphrey Mackworth guilty of "many notorious and scandalous frauds". These included secretly diverting shares into his own account and using the proceeds to pay his own expenses.Walessource

Disasters & Accidents

  • August 2 – British Royal Navy 90-gun ship HMS Vanguard is relaunched from Chatham; Vanguard sank in Chatham Dockyard in the Great Storm of 1703, but was raised in 1704 for rebuilding.source
  • September 9 − Philip V abandons MadridSpainsource
  • November 9 − Archduke Charles evacuates MadridSpainsource

Climate & Environment

  • January – food shortages in major cities due to the harsh winter.United Kingdomsource
  • Peter The Great took the first census in 1710 that was habitation-based, primality counting the number of "homesteads".Russiasource

Culture & Society

  • April 19 – Anne, Queen of Great Britain, meets the Four Mohawk Kings.source
  • 19 April – Queen Anne meets the Four Mohawk Kings in London.United Kingdomsource
  • 10 June – Watkin Williams-Wynn, heir to a baronetcy, establishes the "Cycle of the White Rose", a Jacobite group, in North Wales.Walessource
  • June 16 – Köprülüzade Numan Pasha becomes the grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire.source
  • In Sweden, the Royal Society of Sciences in Uppsala is founded as the Collegium curiosorum.source
  • Founding of the Trångsund Fortress, established by Peter The Great in 1710.Russiasource
  • Dancing 'assemblies' in Edinburgh begin.Scotlandsource

Births

  • January 4 – Giovanni Battista Pergolesi, Italian composer (died 1736)source
  • February 15 – King Louis XV, Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and of Navarre 1715–1774 (died 1774)source
  • April 13 – Jonathan Carver, colonial American military officer (died 1780)source
  • April 15 – William Cullen, Scottish physician and chemist (died 1790)source
  • 15 April – William Cullen, Scottish physician and chemist (died 1790)United Kingdomsource
  • April 26 – Thomas Reid, Scottish philosopher (died 1796)source
  • May 14 – Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden (died 1771)source
  • May 16 – William Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot, English politician (died 1782)source
  • July 23 - Jonathan Belcher, lawyer, chief justice, and lieutenant governor of Nova Scotia (died 1776)Canadasource
  • August 6 – Frances Jones, colonist (died 1785)source
  • August 13 − Andrés Fernández Pacheco, 10th Duke of Escalona, grandee and academician (died 1746)Spainsource
  • September 29 – Johann Andreas Michael Nagel, German Hebrew scholar and Orientalist (died 1788)source
  • September 30 – John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, British statesman (died 1771)source
  • November 8 – Sarah Fielding, English author, sister of the novelist Henry Fielding (died 1768)source
  • November 10 – Adam Gottlob Moltke, Danish statesman (died 1792)source
  • November 21 – Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky, Prussian merchant with a successful trade in trinkets (died 1775)source
  • November 22 – Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, German composer (died 1784)source
  • Pavlos Condoidis (Russian doctor who opened first midwifery school in Russia in 1757) was born in 1710 in Greece.Russiasource

Deaths

  • 1 January – William Bruce, Scottish architect (born c. 1630)United Kingdomsource
  • 1 January - William Lloyd, bishop of Norwich, 72Walessource
  • January 4 – Sir Richard Newdigate, 2nd Baronet, English landowner (born 1644)source
  • January 16 – Emperor Higashiyama of Japan (born 1675)source
  • January 16 - Emperor Higashiyama (born 1675)Japansource
  • February 16 – Esprit Fléchier, French writer and Bishop of Nîmes (born 1632)source
  • February 17 – George Bull, English theologian and Bishop of St David's (born 1634)source
  • March 4 – Louis III, Prince of Condé (born 1668)source
  • March 5 – John Holt, English politician (born 1642)source
  • April 24 − Manuel de Oms, 1st Marquis of Castelldosrius, diplomat, man of letters, Viceroy of Peru, 58Spainsource
  • April 28 – Thomas Betterton, English actor (born c. 1635)source
  • May 12 – Battle of Sirhind: An army of 70,000 Sikh rebels, led by Banda Singh Bahadur defeat a force of 25,000 Mughal Empire troops commanded by General Wazir Khan, who is killed in the combat. The battle takes place near Sirhind in what is now the Indian state of Punjab.source
  • June 7 – Louise de La Vallière, mistress of King Louis XIV of France (born 1644)source
  • July 25 – Gottfried Kirch, German astronomer, first 'Astronomer Royal' in Berlin (born 1639)source
  • September 19 – Ole Rømer, Danish astronomer (born 1644)source
  • September 22 – Jacques-René de Brisay de Denonville, Marquis de Denonville (born 1637)source
  • September 24 – Charles Berkeley, 2nd Earl of Berkeley, English diplomat (born 1649)source
  • November 21 – Bernardo Pasquini, Italian composer of operas (born 1637)source