1629 CE

Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of Restitution, ordering all Catholic properties lost to Protestantism since 1552 to be restored. The Edict further provides that Catholics and Lutherans (but not Calvinists, Hussites or members of other sects) are to be allowed to practice their faith. The Dutch East India Company ship Batavia is wrecked on a reef near Beacon Island, off Western Australia, on her maiden voyage to the Indies. Following mutiny among the survivors, two exiled murderers become the first Europeans to settle in Australia. Their subsequent fate is unknown. In what is now the state of Western Australia, administered at the time by the Dutch East India Company, seven members of the crew of the Batavia are hanged on the Abrolhos Islands for their massacre of 125 passengers and crew.

In the 1620s, the 17th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • March 4 – Massachusetts Bay Colony is granted a royal charter, and the colony is the first to be created in what will become the United States 150 years later, covering almost all of what will be the U.S. state of Massachusetts.source
  • March 10 – Charles I of England dissolves Parliament, starting the Eleven Years' Tyrannysource
  • May 22 – Thirty Years' War: Christian IV of Denmark and Albrecht von Wallenstein sign the Treaty of Lübeck, ending Denmark's involvement in the Thirty Years' War.source
  • 22 May – Christian IV signs the Treaty of Lübeck, bringing an end to Denmark-Norway's intervention in the Thirty Years' War.Denmarksource
  • June 7 – The Dutch States-General ratifies the Dutch West India Company's Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions, making it more attractive to invest in the colony of New Netherland in North America.source
  • 25 July – The County of Christiansborg (from 1741: The County of Christianssæde) is established by Christian Detlev Reventlow from the manors f Christianssæde, Ålstrup, Skelstofte and Pederstrup as well as the farm (parcelgård) Frihedsminde.Denmarksource
  • August 26 – The Cambridge Agreement is signed in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in America, providing for the colony to be under the control of stockholders who actually emigrate to New England.source
  • August 29 – As a result of the Cambridge Agreement, the Massachusetts Bay Colony becomes a self-governing entity.source
  • September 25 – Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629): Sweden and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth sign the Truce of Altmark, ending the war in highly favourable terms for Sweden.source
  • 15 October – the Osborne Baronetcy, of Ballentaylor in the County of Tipperary, and Ballylemon in the county of Wexford, is created in the Baronetage of Ireland in favour of Richard Osborne.Irelandsource
  • November 30 – The St Etienne baronets British nobility title is created.source
  • December 22 – (Kan'ei 6, 8th day of the 11th month) Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan abdicates the throne in favor of his daughter, Princess Okiko, who becomes Empress Meishō.source
  • New Hampshire is established as a British colony.source

Conflict & Security

  • April 30 – Eighty Years' War: Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange lays siege to 's-Hertogenbosch, one of Spain's most important fortresses along the Spanish–Dutch border.source
  • 30 April – Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch beginsBelgiumsource
  • May 14–28 – Huguenot rebellions: After a 15-day siege, Louis XIII of France captures Privas.source
  • 14 May–28 May – Huguenot rebellions: After a 15-day siege, Louis XIII captures Privas.Francesource
  • May 29 – Thirty Years' War: Prince Frederick of Denmark, the Lutheran administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden, is expelled by the Catholic League as a result of the Edict of Restitution. He is replaced by the staunch catholic Francis of Wartenberg.source
  • June 4 – The Dutch East India Company ship Batavia is wrecked on a reef near Beacon Island, off Western Australia, on her maiden voyage to the Indies. Following mutiny among the survivors, two exiled murderers become the first Europeans to settle in Australia. Their subsequent fate is unknown.source
  • June 17 – Huguenot rebellions: Alès surrenders after an intense siege. As a result, the leader of the Huguenot Rebellions, the Duke of Rohan, surrenders.source
  • 17 June – Huguenot rebellions: Alès surrenders after an intense siege. As a result, the leader of the Huguenot Rebellions, the Duke of Rohan, surrenders.Francesource
  • June 28 – Huguenot rebellions: Louis XIII of France signs in his camp at Lédignan the Peace of Alès, ending the Huguenot rebellions. The Huguenots are allowed religious freedom, but lose their political, territorial and military rights.source
  • 28 June – Huguenot rebellions: Louis XIII, King of France, signs in his camp at Lédignan the Peace of Alès, ending the Huguenot rebellions. The Huguenots are allowed religious freedom, but lose their political, territorial and military rights.Francesource
  • July 19 – Anglo-French War (1627–1629): New France's Samuel de Champlain surrenders the city of Quebec to an English force led by David Kirke.source
  • July 20 – In Morocco, the city of Salé is bombarded by French Admiral Isaac de Razilly with a fleet composed of the ships Licorne, Saint-Louis, Griffon, Catherine, Hambourg, Sainte-Anne, Saint-Jean; his forces destroyed three corsair shipssource
  • August 19 – Eighty Years' War: The Spanish garrison of Wesel is surprised by a small Dutch army, and the city is taken by the Dutch Republic. As Wesel functioned as the principal supply base of Hendrik van den Bergh's army, the loss of supply forces him to retreat to the Spanish Netherlands, leaving him unable to intervene in the ongoing siege of 's-Hertogenbosch.source
  • August 21 – Huguenot rebellions: Montauban, one of the last Huguenot strongholds, surrenders without a fight to Richelieu's troops.source
  • 21 August – Huguenot rebellions: Montauban, one of the last Huguenot strongholds, surrenders without a fight to Richelieu's troops.Francesource
  • September 14 – Eighty Years' War: After a five-month-long siege, 's-Hertogenbosch surrenders to Frederick Henry. As a result of the capture of this key fortress, Spain's situation along the Spanish–Dutch border worsens greatly.source
  • 14 September – Anthonie Schetz surrenders 's-Hertogenbosch to the DutchBelgiumsource
  • October 2 – In what is now the state of Western Australia, administered at the time by the Dutch East India Company, seven members of the crew of the Batavia are hanged on the Abrolhos Islands for their massacre of 125 passengers and crew.source
  • October 24 – Portuguese Navy Captain Pedro Teixeira leads 2,000 men in the capture of Fort Taurege from England in what is now Brazil.source
  • 26 December – the Archbishop of Dublin, Lancelot Bulkeley, the Mayor and a body of musketeers invade and suppress a clandestine friary in Cook Street, Dublin, during Solemn Mass.Irelandsource

Exploration & Expansion

  • February 11 – Puritan migration to New England (1620–1640): Around 350 English Puritans on six ships, led by Francis Higginson in the Lyon's Whelp, sail from Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, heading to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in America. They arrive on June 19.source
  • June 17 – Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630): A Spanish expedition, led by Fadrique de Toledo, wipes out the English colony on Nevis.source
  • June 19 – Puritan migration to New England (1620–1640): The six ships of Puritans, led by Francis Higginson in the Lyon's Whelp, arrive in America at Salem, to settle in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.source
  • September 7 – Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630): A Spanish expedition, led by Fadrique de Toledo, wipes out the English colony on St. Kitts.source
  • William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling briefly establishes a Scottish colony at Port Royal, Nova Scotia.source
  • A community of Colettine Poor Clares moves to Dublin.Irelandsource

Religion & Belief

  • January 28 – Sam Mirza, son of the late Mohammad Baqer Mirza and grandson of Abbas the Great, is crowned as the new Shah of Persia and takes the regnal name Safi.source
  • March 6 – Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of Restitution, ordering all Catholic properties lost to Protestantism since 1552 to be restored. The Edict further provides that Catholics and Lutherans (but not Calvinists, Hussites or members of other sects) are to be allowed to practice their faith.source
  • Anthony van Dyck, The Vision of the Blessed Hermann JosephBelgiumsource

Economy & Finance

  • Chongzhen, the Chinese emperor of the Ming dynasty, reiterates the state prohibition against female infanticide, while the empire and the Chinese economy begins to crumble. In the same year, a third of the courier stations are closed down due to lack of government funds to sustain them.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • Fort Santo Domingo is built in Formosa by the Spanish East Indies.source
  • Bech's Windmill is constructed in Svaneke on Bornholm.Denmarksource

Health & Medicine

  • September 20 – 1629–1631 Italian plague: the plague arrives in the nation-state of Milan as German soldiers are granted a stay at the Forte di Fuentes.source
  • Actresses are banned in Japan.source

Crime & Justice

  • Christoffer Urne became Steward of Norway, serving until 1642.Norwaysource

Disasters & Accidents

  • January 8 – Frederick Henry, Hereditary Prince of the Palatinate, the 15-year-old son of the German Palatinate elector, Frederick V, drowns in an accident while sailing to Amsterdam.source
  • A fire destroys much of Kronborg Castle but it is subsequently rebuilt.Denmarksource

Climate & Environment

  • The rule of Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba ends.source

Culture & Society

  • 29 October – Public celebrations ordered for the birth (on 17 October) of Balthasar CharlesBelgiumsource

Births

Deaths

  • January 13 – Sri Chand, founder of the ascetic sect of Udasi (born 1494)source
  • January 19 – Abbas the Great, 5th Safavid Shāh of Persia (born 1571)source
  • 23 January – Andreas Schott (born 1552), Jesuit writerBelgiumsource
  • March 23 – Francis Fane, 1st Earl of Westmorland, English politician (born c. 1580)source
  • March 25 – John Guy, English merchant venturer and first Governor of Newfoundland (born 1568)source
  • March 27 – George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes, English noble, general and administrator (born 1555)source
  • June 18 – Piet Pieterszoon Hein, Dutch naval officer (born 1577)source
  • 13 July – Caspar Bartholin the Elder, scientist (born 1585)Denmarksource
  • July 24 – Later Jin invasion of Joseon: In the Kingdom of Joseon (now Korea), Mao Wenlong is executed for smuggling and other crimes after being captured by Ming Chinese general Yuan Chonghuan.source
  • 18 August - Vendela Skytte, writer, poet and Lady of Letters (born 1608)Swedensource
  • September 21 – Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (born 1587)source
  • September 22 – (5 Safar 1039 AH) Ahmad ibn Abd al-Muttalib, who had become Emir of Mecca and King of the Hejaz by force 16 months earlier, is assassinated by order of Kansuh Pasha, Governor of Yemen.source
  • October 2 – Pierre de Bérulle, French cardinal and statesman (born 1575)source
  • October 3 – Giorgi Saakadze, Georgian military commander (born 1570)source
  • October 5 – Heribert Rosweyde, Dutch Jesuit hagiographer (born 1569)source
  • November – Hendrick ter Brugghen, Dutch painter (born c. 1558)source
  • December 23 – Giovanni I Cornaro, Doge of the Republic of Venice since 1625, dies and is succeeded by Nicolò Contarini.source
  • Death of Jehangir and accession to the Mughal throne of Shah Jahan (born 1592, deposed 1658, died 1666)Indiasource