/year

July 17 in history

247 sourced entries recorded on July 17, from 330 BCE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 330 BCEKing Darius III is deposed and killed by Bessus, the satrap of Bactria. Bessus assumes the kingship as Artaxerxes V.source
  • 658The Battle of Nahrawan sees Caliph Ali decisively defeat a Kharijite rebellion, which marks the last fighting of the First Fitna.source
  • 813Krum reaches Constantinople, and sets his camp outside the walls. He is given an invitation, and a promise of safe conduct, to meet Leo V. Krum sets out unarmed for the capital with only a small escort, but is ambushed and manages to escape. After this unsuccessful Byzantine murder attempt, the Bulgars ravage much of Eastern Thrace.source
  • 1024In Japan, the Manju (万寿) era begins.source
  • 1133Battle of Fraga: The Castellan troops led by King Alfonso I (the Battler) defeat the Almoravid army, thanks to a timely intervention of a Norman Crusader army from Tarragona, led by Robert Bordet.source
  • 1147King Alfonso VII of León and Castile, leads a campaign at the head of mixed armies of Catalonia, Genoa, Pisa and France. He besieges Almería in southern Al-Andalus (modern Spain); a Genoese fleet of 63 galleys and 163 other vessels, blockade the Almoravid-held port, which is captured after a 2-month siege on October 17.source
  • 1178Saracen pirates, from the Balearic Islands, raid the Cistercian monastery of Saint Honorat on the Lérins Islands, and the city of Toulon, killing an estimated 300 and taking captives. The surviving captives are freed from the Balearic Islands in 1185.source
  • 1203July 17–18 – Alexios III tries to counterattack from the Gate of St. Romanus but retreats without a fight. Embarrassed, he prefers to escape and abandon his subjects, fleeing with the imperial treasure to Develtos (a fortified town on the Gulf of Burgas) in Thrace. Meanwhile, the Byzantine aristocracy restores the ex-emperor Isaac II to the imperial throne. On August 1, Alexios Angelos is crowned co-emperor as Alexios IV.source
  • 1279Battle of Devina: Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (some 10,000 men) to Bulgaria, to impose his ally (and son-in-law) Ivan Asen III on the throne. Tsar Ivaylo, former rebel leader (see Uprising of Ivaylo), attacks the Byzantines in the Kotel Pass, completely routing them. Many of them perish in the battle – while the rest are captured and later killed by orders from Ivaylo. Later, Michael sends another army of some 5,000 men, but this is also defeated by Ivaylo before reaching the Balkan Mountains. Without support, Ivan Asen has to flee to Constantinople and the turmoil in Bulgaria continues.source
  • 1300English invasion of Scotland (1300): King Edward I and the English Army arrive in Galloway and set up camp on July 19 at Kirkcudbright where they remain for 10 days while laying waste to the surrounding country side. They confront a Scottish army under John Comyn III ("the Red") on the River Cree. During the battle, the Scottish cavalry is again defeated. Edward is unable to pursue the fugitives into the wild country, where they flee and take refuge. John escapes with his life and begins to raid the English countryside in smaller groups.source
  • 1322An agreement is reached in the Byzantine civil war between Emperor Andronikos II and his rebellious grandson, Andronikos III Palaiologos, signed outside the Byzantine fortress of Epibates (modern Selimpaşa in Turkey). The two men agree that they will jointly rule Byzantium as co-Emperors.source
  • 1328fulfilling one part of the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton, David II of Scotland, four-year-old son of King Robert, and Joan of the Tower, seven-year-old sister of Edward III, are married at Berwick.source
  • 1346July 12–18 – The English raid and burn neighbouring towns and villages in the Cotentin Peninsula.source
  • 1381The Battle of Saltes Island is fought off of the coast of Spain between the navies of the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile, with all but one of the Portuguese fleet of 23 galleys being captured, and their crews taken prisoner, by a smaller force of 17 galleys commanded by Fernando Sánchez de Tovar.source
  • 1385Charles VI of France marries Isabeau of Bavaria; the wedding is celebrated with France's first court ball.source
  • 1393Troops of the Ottoman Empire, led by General Süleyman Çelebi, capture the Bulgarian capital, Tarnovo, after a three-month siege, bringing an end to the Second Bulgarian Empire.source
  • 1399Władysław II Jagiełło becomes sole ruler of Poland, after the death of his co-ruling wife, Queen Jadwiga.source
  • 1402The Ming dynasty prince Zhu Di of Yan is formally crowned as the Emperor Cheng Zu of Ming at Nanjing, marking the end of the Jingnan campaign.source
  • 1429The Dauphin is crowned as King Charles VII of France in Rheims.source
  • 1429Charles VII is crowned as King of France at the traditional site of Reims.source
  • 1432The English Parliament closes its session at Westminster. Royal assent is given in the King's name to the Electors of Knights of the Shire Act 1432 ("Certain things required in him who shall be a chooser of the knights of the parliament"), the Appearance of Plaintiffs Act (setting "the penalty of him that maketh a false entry, that the plaintiff doth offer himself in person, where his doth not") and the Exportation Act ("All wools and woolfells that shall be carried to any other place than to Calais, shall be forfeited to the King and the finder.")source
  • 1435Peace of Vordingborg is signed, ending the war between the Hanseatic League of German cities (Hamburg, Lübeck, Lüneburg, Rostock, Stralsund and Wismar) and the Scandinavian Kalmar Union of Denmark and Sweden. King Eric VII of Denmark and Adolph VIII, Count of Holstein sign, along with Hein Hoyer, representing the League, at Vordingborg Castle. Denmark cedes the Duchy of Schleswig to Holstein and agrees to stop interfering with the League, to end ten years of war.source
  • 1440Wladyslaw III, King of Poland and Supreme Duke of Lithuania, is crowned as King László I of Hungary at the Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Székesfehérvár.source
  • 1453The French destroy the English army at the Battle of Castillon.source
  • 1453The Battle of Castillon in Gascony. A decisive French victory, it is considered to mark the end the Hundred Years' War.source
  • 1489In India's Delhi Sultanate, Sikandar Lodi succeeds Bahlul Khan Lodi as the new Sultan of Delhi.source
  • 1505Luther enters the monastic life, at an Augustinian cloister in Erfurt called St. Augustine's Monastery.source
  • 1509Venetian forces retake the city of Padua from French forces.source
  • 1509French forces lose control of the city of Padua to the Venetians.source
  • 1538The betrothal ceremony of 12-year-old Princess Elisabeth, niece of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor to the 17-year-old Prince Sigismund II Augustus, son of King Sigismund of Poland (who is also the Grand Duke of Lithuania) and heir to the throne, takes place in Innsbruck. The two are married five years later on May 5, 1543.source
  • 1547After the Earl of Arran, Regent of Scotland for Mary, Queen of Scots, is unable to get England to voluntarily return control of Langholm to Scotland, he "reduces it by force.".source
  • 1547After the Earl of Arran, Regent of Scotland for Mary, Queen of Scots, is unable to get England to return control of Langholm to Scotland voluntarily, he "reduces it by force."source
  • 1550grant to Humphrey Powell to start printing in Ireland.source
  • 1556Kostajnica Fortress in what is now Croatia falls to the Ottoman Empire and remains under Turkish control for the next 132 years.source
  • 1557July 10 – July 19: Thomas Radclyffe (newly succeeded as Earl of Sussex), Lord Deputy of Ireland, campaigns against the O'Connors of Offaly.source
  • 1579James FitzMaurice FitzGerald lands with a small force of Irish, Spanish, and Italian troops at Smerwick, on the Dingle Peninsula in south-western Ireland, and commences the Second Desmond Rebellion against the rule in Ireland of Elizabeth I of England.source
  • 1586In England, the Babington Plot, a scheme to murder Queen Elizabeth and to replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots, is discovered. Mary is implicated when she sends a cryptogram letter to Anthony Babington giving the go-ahead for the assassination, and the correspondence is decrypted by Thomas Phelippes.source
  • 1589(Tensho 17, 5th day of 6th month); The Battle of Suriagehara takes place in Japan between the Date and Katakura clans and the Ashina, Satake and Nikaido clans. Date Masamune leads the two clans to victory over Satake Yoshinobu.source
  • 1597George Heriot is appointed as goldsmith to the queen consort Anne of Denmark.source
  • 1599Second Dutch Expedition to East Indies: A Dutch fleet returns to Amsterdam from what is now Indonesia, carrying 600,000 pounds of pepper and 250,000 pounds of cloves and nutmeg.source
  • 1603Sir Walter Raleigh is arrested in England on charges of treason and of conspiring with Lord Cobham in the "Main Plot" to overthrow King James for replacement by Lady Arbella Stuart.source
  • 1607In the (modern-day) South Kalimantan province of Indonesia, Sultan Mustain Billah of Banjar orders the massacre of the crew of a Netherlands East India Company ship visiting the capital at Banjarmasin.source
  • 1611The army of the Swedish Empire commanded by Jacob De la Gardie captures the Russian city of Novgorod after a nine-day battle. Novgorod will remain Swedish territory for the next eight years.source
  • 1636People of Liège appeal to Pope Urban VIII against imperial troops called in by prince-bishop Ferdinand.source
  • 1652The "Great Fire of Glasgow" destroys one-third of the Scottish city.source
  • 1674Two skeletons of children are discovered by workmen repairing a staircase at the White Tower (Tower of London), and believed at this time to be the remains of the Princes in the Tower. The urns containing the bones are interred in 1678 in Westminster Abbey, with an inscription in Latin that states "Here lie interred the remains of Edward V, King of England, and Richard, Duke of York, whose long desired and much sought after bones, after over a hundred and ninety years, were found interred deep beneath the rubble of the stairs that led up to the Chapel of the White Tower, on the 17 of July in the Year of Our Lord 1674."source
  • 1674two skeletons of children are discovered at the White Tower (Tower of London) and believed at this time to be the remains of the Princes in the Tower. The remains are subsequently buried in Westminster Abbey.source
  • 1675July 16–24 – An envoy from Massachusetts attempts to negotiate with the Nipmuck tribe.source
  • 1683July 16–17 – Battle of Penghu: Qing Chinese admiral Shi Lang defeats the naval forces of Zheng Keshuang decisively.source
  • 1686King James II of England appoints four Roman Catholics to the Privy Council of England, in defiance of the Test Acts, which bar Catholics from public office. Suspicions about James's intentions lead to a group of conspirators meeting at Charborough House in Dorset, to plan his overthrow and replacement with the Protestant Dutch Stadtholder, William III of Orange-Nassau (James's son-in-law).source
  • 1686King James appoints four Catholics to the Privy Council of England.source
  • 1690William III issues the Declaration of Finglas offering a pardon to ordinary Jacobites but not their leaders.source
  • 1693A total lunar eclipse is visible in New Zealand and across the Pacific Ocean.source
  • 1695The Bank of Scotland is founded.source
  • 1717George Frideric Handel's Water Music performed on a barge on the River Thames for King George I.source
  • 1717Water Music by George Frederick Handel is first performed, on a Thames barge in London.source
  • 1728At the age of 8, Prince Teruhito, son of Emperor Nakamikado, is named as the Crown Prince of Japan. Teruhito becomes the Emperor Sakuramachi at age 15, upon his father's death.source
  • 1737The British ship Catherine founders in a storm off of Nova Scotia's Cape Sable Island during its voyage from Ireland to Boston, killing 98 of the 201 people on board.source
  • 1751Inredningarin, a company for the promotion of industry in Iceland, is founded at Þingvellir.source
  • 1754Classes begin at Columbia University, founded on October 31 as King's College by royal charter of King George II of Great Britain. The college is originally located in Lower Manhattan in the Province of New York. Instruction is suspended in 1776, and the school reopens in 1784 as Columbia College. With the college's growth in the 19th century, it is renamed Columbia University in 1896.source
  • 1755In a convoy of ships from Great Britain, returning to India for the East India Company, the lead ship Doddington (on her third voyage) wrecks in Algoa Bay near modern-day Port Elizabeth in South Africa, losing 247 of its 270 passengers and crew, together with a chest of gold coins from Robert Clive worth £33,000. In 1998, 1,400 coins from the wreck site are offered for sale, and in 2002 a portion is given to the South African government. Around twenty survivors of the wreck are eventually able to make safety after an open boat voyage.source
  • 1761The first section of the Bridgewater Canal is opened, for the transportation of coal from local mines to Manchester.source
  • 1761James Brindley completes the Bridgewater Canal from Worsley to Manchester.source
  • 1769Welsh naturalist Thomas Pennant, having left Chester on 26 June, travels from Bamburgh to Dunbar to begin his tour of Scotland.source
  • 1771Bloody Falls massacre: Chipewyan chief Matonabbee, traveling as the guide to Samuel Hearne on his Arctic overland journey, massacres a group of unsuspecting Inuit.source
  • 1771Massacre at Bloody Falls: Chipewyan chief Matonabbee traveling as the guide to Samuel Hearne on his Arctic overland journey, massacre a group of unsuspecting Inuit.source
  • 1780The first bank created in the United States, the Bank of Pennsylvania, is chartered.source
  • 1785Fairfield Moravian Church is opened in Fairfield, Droylsden, Lancashire. With its surrounding settlement it has been founded by Benjamin La Trobe as a centre for evangelistic work for the Moravian Church in the Manchester area.source
  • 1789The town of Hammerfest was founded.source
  • 1791July 14–17 – Priestley Riots against Dissenters in Birmingham, England.source
  • 1791French Revolution: The Champ de Mars massacre occurs in Paris.source
  • 1791The Champ de Mars massacre occurs in Paris. Jean Sylvain Bailly and Marquis de LaFayette declare a ban on gathering followed by martial law.source
  • 1794The sixteen Carmelite Martyrs of Compiègne are guillotined in Paris in the last stage of the French Revolution's Reign of Terror.source
  • 1794Whiskey Rebellion: 500 armed Pennsylvanians attack and burn the home of General John Neville.source
  • 1803Thomas Burgess is consecrated Bishop of St David's.source
  • 1821Construction of the Lachine Canal in Montreal begins.source
  • 1830Barthélemy Thimonnier is granted a French patent (#7454) for a sewing machine: it chain stitches at 200/minute.source
  • 1830Barthélemy Thimonnier is granted a patent (#7454) for a sewing machine. It chain stitches at 200/minute.source
  • 1841The first edition of the humorous magazine Punch is published in London.source
  • 1849Hungarian Revolution of 1848: Hungarians, led by Arthur Görgey, and the Russians, led by Ivan Paskevich, battle indecisively in the Second Battle of Vác. The Russians are unsuccessful in destroying the Hungarian army, which retreats towards the east.source
  • 1850Vega becomes the first star (other than the Sun) to be photographed.source
  • 1854The Bienio progresista revolutionary coup occurs in Spain.source
  • 1856The Great Train Wreck (the worst railroad calamity in the world to date) occurs near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.source
  • 1856The Great Train Wreck of 1856: Two trains collide near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania killing at least 59 and injuring at least 100.source
  • 1858New commercial treaty agreed with the United States.source
  • 1858The Lutine bell is salvaged, and subsequently hung in Lloyd's of London.source
  • 1858Salvage of the Lutine bell, which is subsequently hung in Lloyd's of London.source
  • 1863The New Zealand Wars against the Māori people resume, as British forces in New Zealand led by Duncan Cameron begin their Invasion of the Waikato.source
  • 1865South Wales Cricket Club travels to Gravesend to play the Gentlemen of Kent.source
  • 1865The wooden barquentine Ada collides with the RMS Jeddo and sinks in Sydney Harbour.source
  • 1867In Boston, Massachusetts, the Harvard School of Dental Medicine is established as the first dental school in the United States.source
  • 1868judicial decision of the House of Lords in Rylands v Fletcher, a leading case in English tort law, establishing a standard of strict liability in negligence actions.source
  • 1873Richard Southey becomes the first Lieutenant-Governor of Griqualand West.source
  • 1877July 9–19 – The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club stages the first Wimbledon Championships in lawn tennis. English cricketer Spencer Gore becomes first Wimbledon gentlemen's singles champion (the only event held).source
  • 1878Swansea tramways are forced by legal action to return to horse-drawn operation after experimenting with steam locomotives.source
  • 1881July 14–20 – The London Social Revolutionary Congress is held; delegates include Marie Le Compte, Peter Kropotkin, Errico Malatesta, Saverio Merlino, Louise Michel, Nikolai Tchaikovsky and Émile Gautier.source
  • 1884Barque Vicksburg of Leith goes aground on Muckle Skerry in the Pentland Skerries with the loss of nine lives; twelve are saved by the island's lighthouse keepers.source
  • 1892Rizal is exiled to Dapitan.source
  • 1897The Klondike Gold Rush begins when the first successful prospectors arrive in Seattlesource
  • 1897The Klondike Gold Rush begins when the first successful prospectors arrive in Seattle. On July 25 Jack London sails to join the Rush.source
  • 1898Spanish–American War: Battle of Santiago Bay. Troops under United States General William R. Shafter take the city of Santiago de Cuba from the Spanish.source
  • 1899The Anglo-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation takes effect, ending extraterritoriality and the unequal status of Japan in foreign commerce.source
  • 1899In the Battle of Togbao in Chad, the French Bretonnet–Braun mission is destroyed by the warlord Rabih az-Zubayr.source
  • 1899NEC Corporation is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital.source
  • 1908July 13–25 – The 1908 Summer Olympics are held in London. (Originally scheduled to be in Rome, but changed due to the Mount Vesuvius eruption of 1906. Figure skating events are held in London from October 28–29.)source
  • 1917King George V of the United Kingdom issues a proclamation, stating that thenceforth the male line descendants of the British royal family will bear the surname Windsor, vice the Germanic bloodline of House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (an offshoot of the historic (800+ years) House of Wettin).source
  • 1917July 16–18 – July Days: Serious clashes occur in Petrograd; Vladimir Lenin escapes to Finland; Leon Trotsky is arrested.source
  • 1917July 16–July 18 – Clashes in Petrograd in July Days; Lenin escapes to Finland; Trotsky is arrested.source
  • 1918Execution of the Romanov family: By order of the Bolshevik Party, and carried out by the Cheka, former emperor Nicholas II, his wife Alexandra Feodorovna, their children, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, Alexei and retainers are shot at the Ipatiev House, in Ekaterinburg, Russia.source
  • 1918WWI: RMS Carpathia (famed for rescuing survivors of the RMS Titanic) is torpedoed and sunk off the east coast of Ireland, by Imperial German Navy submarine U-55; 218 of the 223 on board are rescued.source
  • 1920Christopher Bruun, Norwegian priest and educator.source
  • 1921The Republic of Mirdita is proclaimed near the Albanian-Serbian border, with Yugoslav support.source
  • 1922The final signings of Treaty 11, an agreement between George V, King of Canada, and various Canadian First Nations, are conducted at Fort Liard.source
  • 1925July 10–21 – Scopes trial: in a staged test case (the "Monkey Trial") in Dayton, Tennessee, United States, John T. Scopes, a young high school science teacher (technically arrested on May 5 and indicted on May 25) is accused of assigning a reading from a (state-mandated) textbook on Darwinian evolution in violation of a Tennessee state law, the "Butler Act". He is found guilty and fined $100, though the verdict is later overturned on a technicality. The trial makes explicit the fundamentalist–modernist controversy within the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, with William Jennings Bryan (who dies on July 26) being challenged by the liberal Clarence Darrow.source
  • 1928José de León Toral assassinates Álvaro Obregón, president-elect of Mexico.source
  • 1928Cristero War: José de León Toral, a Roman Catholic who supported the Cristeros, assassinates Álvaro Obregón.source
  • 1936The Spanish Army of Africa launches a coup d'état against the Republican Second Spanish Republic, beginning the Spanish Civil War.source
  • 1941Joe DiMaggio's 56-game hitting streak ends.source
  • 1943Krasowo-Częstki massacre: The village of Krasowo-Częstki in Nazi-occupied Poland is completely burned and 257 of its inhabitants, mostly women and children, murdered by the Ordnungspolizei and SS in retaliation for German deaths in a skirmish with Polish partisans nearby.source
  • 1944Port Chicago disaster: The SS E. A. Bryan, loaded with ammunition, explodes at the Port Chicago, California, Naval Magazine, killing 320 sailors and civilian personnel.source
  • 1947Indian passenger ship SS Ramdas is capsized by a cyclone at Mumbai, India, with 625 people killed.source
  • 1950The Suppression of Communism Act (passed on June 26 by the Parliament of South Africa) comes into force in South Africa.source
  • 1950July 14–21 – Korean War: Battle of Taejon – North Korean forces capture the city held by the U.S. 24th Infantry Division, but the delay allows establishment of the Pusan Perimeter.source
  • 1953The greatest recorded loss of United States midshipmen in a single event results from an aircraft crash near NAS Whiting Field.source
  • 1954First Indochina War: Viet Minh troops successfully ambush the armoured French column 'G.M. 42' in the Battle of Chu Dreh Pass in the Central Highlands. It is the last battle of the war.source
  • 1955The first atomic-generated electrical power is sold commercially, partially powering Arco, Idaho, from the U.S. National Reactor Testing Station; on July 18, Schenectady, New York, receives power from a prototype nuclear submarine reactor at Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory.source
  • 1955The Disneyland theme park opens in Anaheim, California, an event broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company television network.source
  • 1955San Bernardo train crashsource
  • 1959The first skull of Australopithecus is discovered by Louis Leakey and his wife Mary in the Olduvai Gorge of Tanzania.source
  • 1960Joseph Kasavubu and Patrice Lumumba, unhappy with the United Nations' progress in pressuring Belgium to withdraw its troops from the former Belgian Congo, added a new dimension to the crisis with an ultimatum: If Belgian troops did not withdraw within 48 hours, the Congolese leaders would invite the Soviet Union to send troops to the African nation.source
  • 1962Nuclear testing: The "Small Boy" test shot Little Feller I becomes the last atmospheric test detonation, at the Nevada Test Site.source
  • 1966The completion of Touliao Guesthouse construction in Daxi Township, Taoyuan County.source
  • 1971July 17 or 18 – A group consisting of anthropologists and journalists, and being led by Elizalde, makes an interview with 25 of about 100 members of the "Tasadays" in the southern Mindanao.source
  • 1973King Mohammed Zahir Shah of Afghanistan is deposed by his cousin Mohammed Daoud Khan while in Italy undergoing eye surgery.source
  • 1973The first amendment was made to the constitution. The amendment inserted an additional clause, Article 47(3), that states that any law regarding prosecution or punishment of war crimes cannot be declared void or unlawful on grounds of unconstitutionality. A new Article 47A was also added, which specifies that certain fundamental rights will be inapplicable in those cases.source
  • 1975Apollo–Soyuz Test Project: A crewed American Apollo spacecraft and the crewed Soviet Soyuz spacecraft for the Soyuz 19 mission dock in orbit, marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the 2 nations.source
  • 1976East Timor is declared the 27th province of Indonesia.source
  • 1976July 16–20 – Albert Spaggiari and his gang break into the vault of the Société Generale Bank in Nice, France.source
  • 1976The 1976 Summer Olympics begin in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.source
  • 1976August 1 - Bolivia participates in the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Canadasource
  • 1981Lebanese Civil War: Israeli aircraft bomb Beirut, destroying multi-story apartment blocks containing the offices of PLO-associated groups, killing approximately 300 civilians and resulting in worldwide condemnation and a U.S. embargo on the export of aircraft to Israel.source
  • 1981The government of British Columbia name a 2,639 m peak in the Rocky Mountains after Terry Fox.source
  • 1981Hyatt Regency walkway collapse: Two skywalks filled with people at the Hyatt Regency Hotel in Kansas City, Missouri, collapse into a crowded atrium lobby, killing 114.source
  • 1981July 16–21 – England become the first team this century to win a cricket Test match after the follow-on when they beat Australia by 18 runs at Headingley cricket ground, Leeds, England.source
  • 1987The Dow Jones Industrial Average closes above the 2,500 mark for the first time, at 2,510.04.source
  • 1989The Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit stealth bomber makes its first flight, in the United States.source
  • 1990Palestinian president Yasser Arafat marries Suha Arafat in a secret ceremony on her 27th birthday when he was 61 years old. Her mother, Raymonda Tawil, introduced her to him in France, after which she worked as his secretary in Tunis. Their marriage was not announced until 1992. Suha Arafat becomes First Lady of Palestine.source
  • 1994July 16–22 – Fragments of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 impact the planet Jupiter.source
  • 1994Brazil wins the 1994 FIFA World Cup, defeating Italy 3–2 in a penalty shootout in the final (full-time 0–0).source
  • 1996Paris- and Rome-bound TWA Flight 800 (Boeing 747) explodes off the coast of Long Island, New York, killing all 230 people on board.source
  • 1997The F. W. Woolworth Company closes after 117 years in business.source
  • 1998Rome Statute: at a conference in Rome, 120 countries vote to create a permanent International Criminal Court to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.source
  • 1998In Saint Petersburg, Nicholas II of Russia and his family are buried in St. Catherine Chapel, 80 years after he and his family were killed by the Bolsheviks in 1918.source
  • 1998The 7.0 Mw Papua New Guinea earthquake shakes the region near Aitape with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe). This submarine earthquake triggered a landslide that caused a destructive tsunami, leaving more than 2,100 dead and thousands injured.source
  • 2000July 11–25 – A summit meeting takes place at Camp David between United States president Bill Clinton, Israeli prime minister Ehud Barak and Palestinian Authority chairman Yasser Arafat, ending without an agreement.source
  • 2001Bowen University established.source
  • 2007The dwarf planet Gonggong is discovered by astronomers Megan Schwamb, Michael Brown, and David Rabinowitz from the Palomar Observatory.source
  • 2007TAM Airlines Flight 3054 an Airbus A320-233 overruns the runway of São Paulo–Congonhas Airport runway 35L, flies over Avenida Washington Luís and crashes into TAM Express building and a Shell filling station adjacent to the TAM Express building. All 187 passengers and crew are killed instantly. 12 people inside the TAM Express and the Shell filling station are also killed.source
  • 2008The Algerian national gendarmerie announced that there were 11,336 road accidents in the first half of 2008. These accounted for 1,600 deaths and 19,396 injuries. The figures revealed a significant increase in road accidents when compared with the first half of 2007. The mortality rate rose 7.24%, injuries jumped 7.99%, and the number of road accidents went up by 5%.source
  • 2009Two bombs exploded separately at the JW Marriott and Ritz-Carlton Hotels in Jakarta, Indonesia, killing 9 people (including 2 suicide bombers) and injuring 53.source
  • 2011July 14–23 – Two frontal systems enter south-central Chile causing great snowfalls that leaves thousand of people isolated.source
  • 2012The Syrian consulate in Almaty suffered serious damage following an alleged arson attack.source
  • 2013In a new law the United Arab Emirates is offering citizens a gram of gold for every kilogram of weight they lose in an attempt to curb the rising obesity rate in the nation.source
  • 2014Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, a Boeing 777, crashes in eastern Ukraine after being shot down by a missile. All 298 people on board are killed.source
  • 2017A Charismatic pastor was arrested after two worshippers drowned while being baptised by him in the Ungwasi river. The victims were overwhelmed by the river's current.source
  • 2017Leung Kwok-hung, Nathan Law, Yiu Chung-yim and Lau Siu-lai were disqualified from LegCo membership.source
  • 2019The World Health Organization (WHO) declares the Kivu Ebola epidemic to be a public health emergency of international concern.source
  • 2019United States v. Guzmán: Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán, former head of the Sinaloa Cartel, which became the biggest supplier of drugs to the U.S., is sentenced to life in prison plus 30 years.source
  • 2022July 7 – July 17 – The 2022 World Games is held in Birmingham, Alabama, United States.source
  • 2023The International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved a 38-month arrangement of about US$ 261.7 million under the Extended Credit Facility.source
  • 2025President Ndayishimiye is designated by the African Union as its special envoy to the Sahel region.source

Births

  • 1476Adrian Fortescue, English Roman Catholic martyr (died 1539)source
  • 1487Ismail I, Shah of Persia (died 1524)source
  • 1499Maria Salviati, Italian noble and mother of Cosimo I de Medici (died 1543)source
  • 1618George Stewart, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny, Scottish nobleman and military commander (died 1642)source
  • 1674Isaac Watts, English hymnist (died 1748)source
  • 1691Peder von Todderud, Army general and landowner (died 1772).source
  • 1695Alexander Moncrieff, Scottish minister of the Secession church (died 1761)source
  • 1698Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis, French mathematician (died 1759)source
  • 1703Thomas Hancock, merchant in colonial Boston (died 1764)source
  • 1745Timothy Pickering, American politician (died 1829)source
  • 1763John Jacob Astor, German-born American entrepreneur (died 1848)source
  • 1776John Neilson, Canadian politician (died 1848)source
  • 1776John Neilson, publisher, printer, bookseller, politician, farmer, and militia officer (d.1848)source
  • 1899James Cagney, American actor and dancer (died 1986)source
  • 1947Queen Camilla, Queen consort of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms since 2022 as the wife of Charles IIIsource
  • 1954Angela Merkel, 8th Chancellor of Germanysource

Deaths

  • 180Twelve Christian inhabitants of Scillium in Numidia are executed in Carthage (also in North Africa) (known as the Scillitan Martyrs) – they had refused to swear an oath to the Emperor.source
  • 521Magnus Felix Ennodius, bishop and Latin poetsource
  • 855Leo IV, pope of the Catholic Church (born 790)source
  • 855Pope Leo IV dies after an 8-year reign, and is succeeded by Benedict III as the 104th pope of Rome. Anastasius is made anti-pope by Lothair I.source
  • 924Edward the Elder, King of the Anglo-Saxons, is killed in battle at Farndon-Upon-Dee while leading an army against a revolt by some of the Cambrians and Mercians. During his 25-year reign, he gained direct control over Mercia, including some of the Danelaw, the Danish-occupied areas. Edward's oldest son, Æthelstan, is proclaimed the new King of England, while some supporters among the West Saxons support Ælfweard, to be Edward's successor as King of Wessex.source
  • 924Edward the Elder, king of Wessexsource
  • 952Wu Hanyue, Chinese noblewoman (born 913)source
  • 961Du, empress dowager of the Song dynastysource
  • 1048Pope Damasus II succeeds Benedict IX as the 151st pope of the Catholic Church, but dies after 23 days.source
  • 1070Baldwin VI (the Good), count of Flanderssource
  • 1085Robert Guiscard, Norman warrior and noblemansource
  • 1086García Ramírez, Aragonese bishopsource
  • 1119Baldwin VII, count of Flanders (born 1093)source
  • 1134Beltrán de Risnel, Aragonese diplomatsource
  • 1134Centule VI (or Centulle), French noblemansource
  • 1144Abu Mansur Mauhub al-Jawaliqi, Arab philologist (born 1074)source
  • 1210Sverker II (the Younger), king of Swedensource
  • 1304A papal conclave, with 15 of the 19 living Roman Catholic cardinals, assembles at Perugia to elect a successor to Pope Benedict XI, who had died 10 days earlier. The conclave will be deadlocked for almost a year until Clement V receives the necessary two-thirds majority on June 5, 1305.source
  • 1399King Jadwiga of Poland (born 1374)source
  • 1453John Talbot, 1st Viscount Lisle, English nobleman, son of the Earl of Shrewsburysource
  • 1453John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, English nobleman and military leadersource
  • 1453John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury (born c. 1387) was killed during the Battle of Castillon.source
  • 1588Mimar Sinan, Ottoman architect (born 1489)source
  • 1642William, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German count (born 1592)source
  • 1645Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset, Scottish politician (born c. 1590)source
  • 1676Madame de Brinvilliers, French serial poisoner, executed (born 1630)source
  • 1676In France, Madame de Brinvilliers is executed for poisoning her father and brothers. The case also scares King Louis XIV into starting a series of investigations about possible poisonings and witchcraft (later called the Affair of the Poisons).source
  • 1709Robert Bolling, English settler in Virginia (born 1646)source
  • 1725Thomas King, English and British soldier, MP for Queenborough, lieutenant-governor of Sheerness (born before 1660?)source
  • 1762Emperor Peter III of Russia (born 1728)source
  • 1766Samuel Finley, American clergyman and educator (born 1715)source
  • 1766Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (born 1688)source
  • 1785Margaret Bentinck, Duchess of Portland, British duchess (born 1715)source
  • 1790Adam Smith, Scottish economist, philosopher (born 1723)source
  • 1793Charlotte Corday, French assassin of Jean-Paul Marat (executed) (born 1768)source
  • 1793French Revolution: Charlotte Corday is executed.source
  • 1798Henry Joy McCracken, Irish republicansource
  • 1845Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1764)source
  • 1887Dorothea Dix, American social activist (born 1802)source
  • 1892Carlo Cafiero, Italian anarchist and leader of the Italian section of the International Workingmen's Association (born 1846)source
  • 1903James McNeill Whistler, American painter (born 1834)source
  • 1906Carlos Pellegrini, 11th President of Argentina (born 1846)source
  • 1912Henri Poincaré, French mathematician (born 1854)source
  • 1916July 15–19 – WWI: Battle of Delville Wood – 766 men from the South African Brigade are killed, in South Africa's biggest loss during the First World War.source
  • 1923Theodor Rosetti, prime minister 1888 to 1889 (born 1837).source
  • 1928Giovanni Giolitti, Italian politician, 13th Prime Minister of Italy (born 1842)source
  • 1928Álvaro Obregón, Mexican military officer, 39th President of Mexico (assassinated) (born 1880)source
  • 1932Altona Bloody Sunday: In Altona, Germany, a bloody clash with heavy police involvement occurs when Nazi marchers enter a working class area with many communist supporters; 18 are killed.source
  • 1935Daniel Salamanca Urey, former Presidentsource
  • 1940Faisal Husseini, Palestinian Arab politician and senior member of PLO (died 2001)source
  • 1946Draža Mihailović, Yugoslav Serb general in WWIII and leader of Chetniks (executed) (born 1893)source
  • 1947Raoul Wallenberg, Swedish diplomat, humanitarian (presumed dead on this date) (born 1912)source
  • 1959Billie Holiday, American singer (born 1915)source
  • 1959Busan Municipal Stadium stampede, 67 persons died after heavy rain triggered a rush towards the upper areas of the stadium, according to National Police Agency of South Korea.source
  • 1961Ty Cobb, American baseball player and a member of the Baseball Hall of Fame (born 1886)source
  • 1973Fazlul Qadir Chaudhry, politician (born 1919)source
  • 1995Juan Manuel Fangio, 84, Argentine racing driver.source
  • 2003Eleonora Vinogradova, choir director, educator, and professor (born 1931)source
  • 2005Edward Heath, 89, British politician, Prime Minister (1970–1974), MP (1950–2001), pneumonia.source
  • 2020John Lewis, 80, American civil rights leader and politician, member of the U.S. House of Representatives (since 1987), Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient (2011), pancreatic cancer.source