1636 CE

Following a public disputation in Belfast, Henry Leslie, Church of Ireland Bishop of Down and Connor, sentences Edward Brice, Henry Calvert, James Hamilton, John Ridge and one other non-subscribing Presbyterian minister to silence. (August 15 Old Style) – The covenant of the Town of Dedham, Massachusetts Bay Colony is first signed. (December 13 Old Style) – The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians. This organization is recognized today as the founding of the United States National Guard.

In the 1630s, the 17th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • January 1 – Anthony van Diemen takes office as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), and will serve until his death in 1645.source
  • February 26 – Nimi a Lukeni a Nzenze a Ntumba is installed as King Alvaro VI of Kongo, in the area now occupied by the African nation of Angola, and rules until his death on February 22, 1641.source
  • June 20 – Roger Williams and other Puritan settlers become founders of the colony of Providence Plantations, which later joins neighbouring territory to become the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. The area today is the U.S. state of Rhode Island.source
  • July 10 – The Senate of the Venetian Republic votes, 82 to 4, in favor of renewing the charter of Jewish merchants to sell within the city, after a delay of almost six months.source
  • August 25 (August 15 Old Style) – The covenant of the Town of Dedham, Massachusetts Bay Colony is first signed.source
  • December 23 (December 13 Old Style) – The Massachusetts Bay Colony organizes three militia regiments to defend the colony against the Pequot Indians. This organization is recognized today as the founding of the United States National Guard.source
  • Manchus occupy the Liaoning region in north China, select Shenyang (Mukden) as their capital, and proclaim the new Qing dynasty (pure).source
  • The first American ancestor of John Adams, Henry Adams, emigrates to Massachusetts.source
  • Queen Christina expulse all non-taxpaying Finns (Forest Finns) from Värmland and Dalsland. Most moved across the Norwegian border into Solør, establishing a colony there.Norwaysource
  • Establishment of the Nya smedjegården.Swedensource

Conflict & Security

  • 29 April – Dutch forces retake Schenkenschans.Belgiumsource
  • April 30 – Eighty Years' War: The nine-month Siege of Schenkenschans ends, when forces of the Dutch Republic recapture the strategically important fort from the Spanish.source
  • June 22 – The Battle of Tornavento is fought in north-west Italy in the course of the Thirty Years' War, as France and Savoy respond to an attack by Spain. While the battle is a stalemate, the city of Castano Primo is heavily damaged.source
  • 2 July – Army of Flanders goes onto the offensive in the Franco-Spanish War (1635–59), invading French territory.Belgiumsource
  • 5 August – Crossing of the Somme by the Army of Flanders.Belgiumsource
  • August 15 – The Spanish capture Corbie, France.source
  • October 4 (September 24 Old Style) – Thirty Years' War – Battle of Wittstock: A Swedish-allied army defeats a combined Imperial-Saxon army.source
  • November 14 – French recapture Corbie from the Spanishsource
  • 14 November – French forces retake Corbie.Belgiumsource
  • The shōgun forbids Japanese to travel abroad, and those abroad from returning home.source
  • Thirty Years' War: French intervention starts.source
  • Emperor Fasilides founds the city of Gondar, which becomes the capital of Ethiopia for the next two centuries.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • March 5 (February 24 Old Style) – King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway gives an order, that all beggars that are able to work must be sent to Brinholmen, to build ships or to work as galley rowers.source
  • May 14 – William Pynchon and his men establish the settlement of Agawam Plantation (now Springfield, Massachusetts) in territory controlled by the Agawam people, a subset of the Algonquian peoples, and negotiate for its purchase for Britain's Connecticut Colony. The Agawams deed the land to Connecticut on July 15, and the area is later deeded by Connecticut to the Massachusetts Bay Colony.source
  • 8 October - Albert Andriessen Bradt emigrated to New Netherland, one of the earliest Norwegian settlers of the Dutch colony.Norwaysource
  • Unknown – Roger Williams founds the new English colony Rhode Island in North AmericaEnglandsource
  • Unknown – Completion of excavation of Old Bedford River (begun in 1630).Englandsource
  • All cities north of Stockholm and Åbo (Turku) are prohibited from foreign trade.Swedensource

Religion & Belief

  • May 31 – proclamation regulating the production of linen yarn.Irelandsource
  • 17 July – People of Liège appeal to Pope Urban VIII against imperial troops called in by prince-bishop Ferdinand.Belgiumsource
  • August 12 – following a public disputation in Belfast, Henry Leslie, Church of Ireland Bishop of Down and Connor, sentences Edward Brice, Henry Calvert, James Hamilton, John Ridge and one other non-subscribing Presbyterian minister to silence.Irelandsource
  • November 5 – English theologian Henry Burton preaches two sermons on Guy Fawkes Day, heavily critical of the Anglican bishops, and is soon summoned before the Star Chamber.source
  • Establishment of Kohra (estate) by Babu Himmat Sah.source
  • The first synagogue of the New World, Kahal Zur Israel Synagogue, is founded in Recife by the Dutch.source
  • Compilation of the Annals of the Four Masters is completed by Mícheál Ó Cléirigh, assisted by Cú Choigcríche Ó Cléirigh, Fearfeasa Ó Maol Chonaire and Peregrine Ó Duibhgeannain, in the Franciscan friary in Donegal Town under the patronage of Fearghal Ó Gadhra.Irelandsource

Economy & Finance

  • Ballyhornan is founded in County Down.Irelandsource
  • Posten AB was established as Kungliga Postverket (The Royal Postal Agency).Swedensource

Technology & Infrastructure

  • Unknown – Construction concluded on the Jacobean mansion Crewe HallEnglandsource

Science & Discovery

Crime & Justice

  • May 27–28 – cross-examination of a Galway jury on a charge of refusing to find the king's title to land, resulting in heavy fines and imprisonment until the jury submits in December.Irelandsource
  • 9 October – John Hampden refuses to pay ship money after a third writ is issued.Englandsource

Culture & Society

  • January 18 – The Duke's Mistress, the last play by James Shirley, is given its first performance.source
  • 3 March – A "great charter" to the University of Oxford establishes the Oxford University Press as the second of the privileged presses.Englandsource
  • March 13 (March 3 Old Style) – A "great charter" to the University of Oxford establishes the Oxford University Press, as the second of the privileged presses in England.source
  • March 26 – Utrecht University is founded in the Dutch Republic.source
  • May – London playwright James Shirley moves to work for four years under John Ogilby at the new Werburgh Street Theatre in Dublin, the first in Ireland.Irelandsource
  • July 30 – In France, Cardinal Richelieu persuades King Louis XIII to issue an ordonnance excusing the French nobility from military service if they pay a tax which allows the hiring of paid cavalry.source
  • 5 August – Crossing of the SommeFrancesource
  • 8 September – New College founded at the English colony of Massachusetts; later renamed 'Harvard'.Englandsource
  • September 18 (September 8 Old Style) – A vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony establishes New College (Harvard University), as the first college founded in the United States.source
  • October 28 – Harvard University was founded.source

Births

  • January 8 – Fernando de Valenzuela, 1st Marquis of Villasierra, Spanish noble (died 1692)source
  • 12 January – Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer, painter (died 1699)Belgiumsource
  • February 16 – Shubael Dummer, American Congregational church minister (died 1692)source
  • April 13 – Hendrik van Rheede, Dutch botanist (died 1691)source
  • May 17 – Edward Colman, English Catholic courtier under Charles II (died 1678)source
  • June 29 – Thomas Hyde, English orientalist (died 1703)source
  • July 31 – Josias II, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen, major general in Brunswick and co-ruler of Waldeck-Wildungen (died 1669)source
  • August 25 – Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart, French military man, brother of Madame de Montespan (died 1688)source
  • September 25 – Ferdinand Joseph, Prince of Dietrichstein, German prince (died 1698)source
  • September 29 – Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury (died 1715)source
  • 29 September – Thomas Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury (died 1715)Englandsource
  • October 23 – Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp, queen consort of King Charles X Gustav of Sweden (died 1715)source
  • October 31 – Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria, Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector of the Holy Roman Empire (died 1679)source
  • November 1 – Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (died 1711)source
  • November 2 – Edward Colston, Bristol-born English slave trader (died 1721)source
  • December 26 – Justine Siegemund, German writer (died 1705)source
  • Christian Jørgensen Kruse, government official (died 1699)Denmarksource
  • Jens Toller Rosenheim, nobleman and jurist (died 1690).Norwaysource

Deaths