1635 CE

Druze warlord Fakhr-al-Din II is executed in Constantinople. The Royal Mail service is made available to the public by Charles I of England. Rhode Island founder Roger Williams is banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony as a religious dissident, after speaking out against punishments for religious offenses, and giving away Native American land.

In the 1630s, the 17th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

8 February – French-Dutch treaty to partition the Spanish Netherlands, preliminary to the Franco-Spanish War (1635–59).Belgium source
March 22 – The Peacock Throne of India's Mughal Empire is inaugurated in a ceremony in Delhi to support the seventh anniversary of Shah Jahan's accession to the throne as Emperor.source
2 June – French-Dutch manifesto calls on inhabitants of the Spanish Netherlands to rise against their government.Belgium source
4 August – second writ for ship money is issued, extending the payments to inland towns.England source
September 12 – The Treaty of Sztumska Wieś is signed between Sweden and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.source
October 9 – Rhode Island founder Roger Williams is banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony as a religious dissident, after speaking out against punishments for religious offenses, and giving away Native American land.source
Dominica is claimed by France.source
The ambassadorial mission of Axel Oxenstierna to Paris: alliance between Sweden and France.Sweden source

Conflict & Security

January 23 – 1635 Capture of Tortuga: The Spanish Navy captures the Caribbean island of Tortuga off of the coast of Haiti after a three-day battle against the English and French Navy.source
January 25 – King Thalun moves the capital of Burma from Pegu to Ava.source
January 28–February 28 – a Star Chamber trial finds the City of London and Irish Society guilty of mismanagement of the plantation of Londonderry: it is fined £70,000 and obliged to surrender the Londonderry charter.Ireland source
May 19 – France declares war on Spain.source
20 May – Battle of Les Avins: French forces defeat a detachment of the Army of Flanders commanded by Thomas of Savoy, sent to prevent them linking up with the Dutch.Belgium source
May 30 – Thirty Years' War – The Peace of Prague is signed, which ends the German civil war aspect of the conflict.source
May – France declares war on Spain.France source
8 June – Sack of Tienen by combined French-Dutch forces.Belgium source
24 June – Siege of Leuven commences.Belgium source
4 July – Siege of Leuven raised.Belgium source
28 July – Army of Flanders takes Schenkenschans.Belgium source
August 3 – Cossack rebel leader Ivan Sulyma stages a surprise attack on Poland's newly constructed Kodak fortress, and his raiders kill most of the 200 mercenaries stationed there. Sulyma and his allies are captured by the army of Stanisław Koniecpolski, and Sulyma is executed on December 12.source
November 22 – The Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa, against Taiwanese aborigines, begins.source
The Ottomans are expelled from Yemen.source
Johan Banér becomes the leader of the Swedish army.Sweden source

Exploration & Expansion

June 28 – France's Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique begins its occupation of the Caribbean island of Guadeloupe, with Charles Liénard de L'Olive as its first Governor.source
Willem and Joan Blaeu publish the first edition of their Atlas Novus, in Amsterdam.source
Guadeloupe and Martinique are colonized by France.source
First secondary school established in the North American colonies, the English High and Latin School at Boston.England source
English settlers begin the colonisation of Connecticut.England source

Religion & Belief

March 26 – Philipp Christoph von Sötern, the Archbishop-Elector of Trier, is taken prisoner in a surprise attack by Spanish Habsburg troops, leading to a declaration of war against Spain by France and the beginning of the Franco-Spanish War.source
26 March – Ferdinand seizes Trier and has Archbishop-Elector Philipp Christoph von Sötern imprisoned.Belgium source
2 May – Great Council of Mechelen condemns Guillaume de Melun, Prince of Espinoy, in absentia as a traitor for his role in the Conspiracy of Nobles (1632).Belgium source
May – Without consulting the Parliament of Scotland, Charles I authorized a new Book of Canons, which among others made him the head of the Church of Scotland.Scotland source
22 July – Gaspard Nemius consecrated bishop of Antwerp in Antwerp Cathedral.Belgium source
November 15 – Thomas Parr, dead at the alleged age of 152, is buried in Westminster Abbey.source
December 23 – Shah Jahan, Emperor of India's Mughal Empire, issues a decree against Portuguese Jesuits, ordering that the Agra Church be demolished and barring them from attempting to convert Hindus and Muslims to the Christian faith, but allows them to conduct their religious ceremonies in private.source
In the Mughal Empire, Shah Jahan's Pearl Mosque at Lahore Fort is completed.source
Publication of the 1635 edition of Scottish Psalter.Scotland source

Technology & Infrastructure

April – Construction is completed on the Jacobean mansion Aston HallEngland source
July 31 – The Royal Mail service is made available to the public by Charles I of England.source
First General Post Office opens to the public, at Bishopsgate, London.England source
Construction of Malleny House and Garden was initiated.Scotland source

Science & Discovery

Earliest recorded establishment of a lighthouse in Isle of May.Scotland source

Health & Medicine

Panel of experts at University of Louvain decrees that tobacco has no nutritional value.Belgium source
April 18 – the Parliament of Ireland passes an act requiring ale sellers to be licensed by magistrates; "An Act against Plowing by the Tayle, and pulling the Wooll off living Sheep"; and an act providing for the erection of houses of correction.Ireland source
In Edo period Japan, the Sakoku Edict of 1635 enforces isolationism. Japanese are forbidden to travel abroad and unauthorised Europeans forbidden to enter under penalty of death. Christianity (Catholicism) is absolutely prohibited. Foreign merchants – Chinese and those of the Dutch East India Company – are restricted to enclaves in Nagasaki and access by the Portuguese is completely forbidden: an imperial memorandum decrees, "Hereafter entry by the Portuguese galeota is forbidden. If they insist on coming, the ships must be destroyed and anyone aboard those ships must be beheaded."source

Crime & Justice

March 25 – Hailstones four inches (10 cm) in diameter fall at Castletown, south of Ballycumber.Ireland source
11 April – Formal representations from Balthazar Gerbier, English resident in Brussels, about Dunkirkers interfering with English shipping.Belgium source

Climate & Environment

August 25 – The Great Colonial Hurricane strikes Narragansett Bay as a possible Category 3 hurricane, killing over 46 people.source

Culture & Society

28 January – Joyous entry into Ghent of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria as new governor general, Gaspar de Crayer playing a key role in the monumental decorations.Belgium source
February 22 – The Académie française in Paris is formally constituted, as the national academy for the preservation of the French language.source
April 14 – English adventurer John Clavell, practising as a doctor in Ireland at this time, marries a young Dublin heiress.Ireland source
17 April – Joyous entry into Antwerp of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria as new governor general, Gaspar Gevartius co-ordinating the reception and Peter Paul Rubens playing a key role in the monumental decorations.Belgium source
April 23 – Boston Latin School, the oldest school in what will become the United States of America, is founded in Boston, Massachusetts.source
August 16 – a Galway jury refuses to find the king's title to land, juries in counties Roscommon, Sligo and Mayo having found for the king during the previous month.Ireland source
Nagyszombat University (predecessor of Budapest University) is established.source
Peter Paul Rubens paints the ceiling of the Banqueting House, Whitehall.England source
The stage tragedy Hannibal and Scipio by Thomas Nabbes is first performed by Queen Henrietta's MenEngland source

Births

January 25 – Daniel Casper von Lohenstein, German writer, diplomat and lawyer (died 1683)source
10 March – Jan van Buken, painter (died 1690)Belgium source
March 15 – Sulaiman Shikoh, Mughal Empire emperor (died 1662)source
March 31 – Patrick Gordon, Scottish-born Russian general, rear admiral (died 1699)source
April 17 – Edward Stillingfleet, British theologian and scholar (died 1699)source
May 6 – Johann Joachim Becher, German chemist (died 1682)source
18 July – Robert Hooke, scientist (died 1703)England source
July 23 – Adam Dollard des Ormeaux, iconic figure in the history of New France (died 1660)source
July 28 – Robert Hooke, English scientist (died 1703)source
August 24 – Peder Griffenfeld, Danish statesman and royal favourite (died 1699)source
24 August – Peder Griffenfeld, statesman and royal favourite (died 1699)Denmark source
September 7 – Paul I, Prince Esterházy, Hungarian prince (died 1713)source
October 7 – Roger de Piles, French painter (died 1709)source
November 22 – Francis Willughby, English biologist (died 1672)source
November 27 – Madame de Maintenon, second wife of Louis XIV of France (died 1719)source
December 28 – Elizabeth Stuart, second daughter of King Charles I of England (died 1650)source
28 December – Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of Charles I (died 1650)Scotland source
Sir Henry Morgan, Welsh privateer (died 1688)source

Deaths

January – Nef'i, Turkish poet and satirist (born 1572)source
February 19 – Franco Burgersdijk, Dutch logician (born 1590)source
March 27 – Robert Naunton, English politician (born 1563)source
27 March – Robert Naunton, politician (born 1563)England source
28 March – Patrick Forbes, Scottish bishop (born 1564)Scotland source
March – Thomas Randolph, English poet (born 1605)source
April 13 – Fakhr-al-Din II, Ottoman Emir of Chouf (born 1572)source
April 13 – Druze warlord Fakhr-al-Din II is executed in Constantinople.source
April 23 – Elizabeth Carey, Lady Berkeley, English courtier (born 1576)source
August 7 – Friedrich von Spee, German writer (born 1591)source
August 27 – Lope de Vega, Spanish poet and playwright (born 1562)source
August (bur.) – Richard Whitbourne, English colonist of Newfoundland (born 1561)source
October 24 – Wilhelm Schickard, German inventor (born 1592)source
on or shortly after 24 October – Willem van Nieulandt II (born 1584), painter and poetBelgium source
November 8 – Aodh Buidhe Mac an Bhaird, writer, historian and hagiographer (born c. 1593)Ireland source
November 15 – Thomas Parr, English alleged oldest living man (born 1483)source
December 25 – Samuel de Champlain, French explorer and founder of Quebec (born c.1567)source
probable – Anthony Shirley, English traveller (born 1565)source