1628 CE

The first seminarians enter into residence at the Irish College in Rome, established by Cardinal Ludovisi. Albert de Ligne, Prince of Barbançon, invested as a Knight of the Golden Fleece. The Swedish 64-gun sailing ship Vasa sinks 20 minutes into her maiden voyage, in Stockholm Harbor.

In the 1620s, the 17th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • March 1 – Writs issued in February, by King Charles I, require every county in England (not just seaport towns) to pay ship tax by this date.source
  • March 17 – Oliver Cromwell makes his first appearance in the English Parliament, as Member for Huntingdon.source
  • June 7 – King Charles I reconvenes the English Parliament, and accepts the Petition of Right as a concession to gain his subsidies.source
  • December 11 – Muhammad Imaduddin I becomes the Sultan of Maldives and reigns for the next 29 years.source
  • December 16 – In the Joseon Kingdom of Korea, O Yun-gyeom becomes the new Yeonguijeong (Chief of the State Council, similar to Prime Minister) during the reign of King Injo.source
  • Members of the Parliament of Ireland propose The Graces, in an attempt to reverse anti-Catholic legislation.Irelandsource

Conflict & Security

  • 18 January - The Norwegian Army is established.Norwaysource
  • February 3 – In what is now the South American nation of Chile, the indigenous Mapuche lay siege to the Spanish colonial settlement of Nacimiento. The Spanish captain and a force of 40 men are able to hold out until reinforcements arrive two days later, but the attackers take muskets and two cannons.source
  • April 6 – Damat Halil Pasha is fired from his position as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Murad IV after failing again to suppress the rebellion started by Abaza Mehmed Pasha or to win the war of the Ottomans against Persia. Halil is replaced by Gazi Hüsrev Pasha.source
  • May 5 – Catholic League Field Marshal Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, succeeds in taking control of the German city of Stade after a long siege. Tilly allows the remaining 3,500 Danish and English defenders safe passage out of Germany, and captures most of the Duchy of Bremen except for the city of Bremen itself, which he turns to next.source
  • May 13 – Thirty Years' War: As a result of its refusal to accept the capitulation of Franzburg, the siege of Stralsund is begun by Field Marshals Hans Georg von Arnim-Boitzenburg and Wallenstein's of the Holy Roman Imperial Army, and lasts until August 4.source
  • May 21 – (17 Ramadan 1037 AH) Muhsin ibn Husayn, Emir of Mecca and King of Hejaz, surrenders control to Ahmad ibn Abd al-Muttalib.source
  • May 31 – Mehmed III Giray, the Khan of Crimea, is forced to leave after an invasion of 4,000 Cossacks and a four week siege of the capital Bakhchysarai. The attack is led by Mykhailo Doroshenko, who is killed in the battle.source
  • July 9 – Prince Minyedeippa assassinates his father, Anaukpetlun, King of Burma and takes over the throne upon the death of his father. Minyedeippa is arrested by the palace guards a year later and turned over to Anaukpetlun's brother, Thalun, for execution.source
  • August 4 – Thirty Years' War: With the help of Danish and Swedish reinforcements, Stralsund is able to resist Wallenstein's siege until the landing of a Danish army, led by Christian IV of Denmark, forces Wallenstein to raise the siege, and move his army to confront the new threat.source
  • 22 August – Danish forces were defeated in the Battle of WolgastDenmarksource
  • September 2 – Thirty Years' War – Battle of Wolgast: Wallenstein defeats Christian IV of Denmark's army.source
  • September 7–8 – Eighty Years' War – Battle in the Bay of Matanzas: Dutch admiral Piet Hein captures 16 ships of the Spanish treasure fleet. The immense booty taken brings in over 11 million guilders, part of which is used to fund the entire army of the Dutch Republic for eight months.source
  • October 22 – Abaza Mehmed Pasha surrenders to Ottoman forces, ending the Abaza rebellion.source
  • October 28 – The siege of La Rochelle ends with the surrender of the Huguenots.source
  • The War of the Mantuan Succession breaks out over Mantua and Montferrat. The war is fought between the Duke of Savoy, who is supported by Spain, and the Duke of Nevers, who is supported by France.source

Exploration & Expansion

  • April 21 – Generalissimo Albrecht von Wallenstein of the Holy Roman Empire is made Admiral of the Baltic Sea by Emperor Ferdinand II.source
  • September 6 – Puritans settle Salem, which will later become part of Massachusetts Bay Colony.source
  • The first black slaves arrive in Dutch Manhattan.source

Religion & Belief

  • 1 January – the first seminarians enter into residence at the Irish College in Rome, established by Cardinal Ludovisi.Irelandsource
  • 3 January – Ambrogio Spinola summoned to Spain.Belgiumsource
  • April 8 – A decree of the Sacred Congregation of Rites of the Roman Catholic Church is made to prohibit the veneration of saints whose sanctity has not been declared by the Holy See.source
  • April 26 – Cardinal Girolamo Grimaldi-Cavalleroni is appointed as the Governor of Rome by Pope Urban VIII.source
  • Publication of Sir Edward Coke's Institutes of the Lawes of England begins with A Commentary upon Littleton. This will remain an influential legal text on both sides of the Atlantic for three centuries.source

Economy & Finance

  • May 13 – In North America, Matthew Cradock is elected by shareholders as the first Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Company.source
  • December 3 – The attempt by the Mataram Sultanate to drive the Dutch East India Company from the western part of the island of Java fails after 103 days.source
  • Foundation of the Lantmäteriet.Swedensource

Technology & Infrastructure

  • 10 June – Brussels government issues directives for the maintenance of roads, ditches and bridges.Belgiumsource
  • Jens Juel was appointed the first commander-in-chief of the Norwegian army.Norwaysource

Health & Medicine

  • February 10 – King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden issues an order bringing an end to the "foolishness and insanity" ("dårskap och galenskap") of religious visionary Margareta i Kumla, prohibiting Swedes from making pilgrimages to see her on pain of imprisonment, and threatening her with incarceration if she continues to preach about her visions from the angels.source
  • 27 July – City of Antwerp orders public thanksgiving for deliverance from plagueBelgiumsource
  • 31 July – Royal proclamation regulating the size and weight of butter tubs in the County of FlandersBelgiumsource
  • 22 December – City of Antwerp updates regulations on food inspection to prevent the sale of bad herring.Belgiumsource
  • The King bans all pilgrimages to the visionary Margareta i Kumla.Swedensource

Crime & Justice

  • November 29 – English Army Lieutenant John Felton, who stabbed the Duke of Buckingham to death on August 23, is hanged at Tyburn prison.source
  • Anthony van Dyck, Portrait of Nicolas LanierBelgiumsource

Disasters & Accidents

  • August 10 – The Swedish 64-gun sailing ship Vasa sinks 20 minutes into her maiden voyage, in Stockholm Harbor.source
  • August 10 – The Swedish warship Vasa sank on its maiden voyage in Stockholm harbor on August 10, 1628, after capsizing due to a gust of wind, causing about 30 deaths among 150 on board. Nearly 400 years later, DNA testing revealed that a person initially thought to be male, named "Gustav," was actually female. This discovery, and others, provide insights into 17th-century Sweden, according to Vasa Museum director Fred Hocker. The Vasa was salvaged between 1958 and 1961 and is now displayed at the Vasa Museum. DNA studies in 2004 identified 15 adults and remains of at least two others. Further genetic testing will reveal more about the Vasa's crew.Swedensource

Culture & Society

  • February 5 – The Chongzhen Era begins in Ming dynasty China after the October 2 ascension of Zhu Youjian, the Chongzhen Emperor, on the first day of the Chinese New Year, and the Tianqi era formally ends.source
  • February 14 – The coronation of Shah Jahan as ruler of the Mughal Empire takes place in Agra.source
  • 18 June – Albert de Ligne, Prince of Barbançon, invested as a Knight of the Golden Fleece.Belgiumsource
  • 10 July – Royal proclamation on the licensing of taverns and hostelries in the Duchy of Brabant, and the prosecution of crimes of violence taking place in them.Belgiumsource
  • 3 November – Royal proclamation prohibiting markets and fairs on Sundays and holy days in the Duchy of LuxembourgBelgiumsource
  • December 12 – At the age of 15, Chetthathirat is crowned as the new King of Thailand upon the death of his father, Intharacha III. Prince Chetthathirat takes the regnal name of Borommaracha II and is killed less than a year later.source
  • The Collegiate School, the oldest surviving educational institution in the United States, is established.source
  • William Harvey publishes Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus in Frankfurt, containing his findings about blood circulation.source
  • The Livrustkammaren is founded.Swedensource
  • Christian Thum appointed director of the royal court theater.Swedensource

Births

  • January 8 – François-Henri de Montmorency, duc de Luxembourg, French general (died 1695)source
  • January 12 – Charles Perrault, French folklorist (died 1703)source
  • January 20 – Henry Cromwell, 4th son of Oliver Cromwell and Elizabeth Bourchier (died 1674)source
  • January 30 – George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, English statesman (died 1687)source
  • March 10 – Marcello Malpighi, Italian biologist and physician (died 1694)source
  • March 24 – Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg (died 1685)source
  • 18 April – Ludvig Rosenkrantz, nobleman and civil servant, the first baron in Norway (died 1685).Denmarksource
  • April 25 – Sir William Temple, 1st Baronet, English statesman and essayist (died 1699)source
  • May 24 – Marek Sobieski, Polish noble (szlachcic) (died 1652)source
  • June 30 – Miguel de Molinos, Spanish mystic (died 1696)source
  • July 11 - Tokugawa Mitsukuni, daimyō (died 1701)Japansource
  • August 29 – John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath, English royalist statesman (died 1701)source
  • October 24 – Lucrezia Barberini, Italian noblewoman (died 1699)source
  • November 30 (baptised) – John Bunyan, English writer best known for The Pilgrim's Progress (died 1688)source
  • December 19 – Charlotte of the Palatinate, German noble (died 1631)source
  • December 26 – John Page, American politician (died 1692)source
  • Charles Perrault, writer (died 1703).Francesource
  • David Klöcker Ehrenstrahl, painter (died 1698)Swedensource

Deaths

  • January 19 – (26 Jumada I 1037 A.H.) The reign of Salef-ud-din Muhammad Shahryar as the Mughal Emperor, Shahryar Mirza, comes to an end a little more than two months after the November 7 death of his father, Jahangir, as Sharyar's older brother, Shihab defeats him in battle. Prince Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram takes the name Shah Jahan and sentences Shahryar and other members of the court to death.source
  • January 21 – Gregor Aichinger, German composer (born c. 1565)source
  • January 23 – After being incarcerated and blinded on orders of his brother, former Mughal Emperor Shahryar Mirza is put to death, along with his nephews, co-ruler Dawar Bakhsh, and Princes Garshasp, Tahmuras and Hoshang.source
  • March 12 – John Bull, English composer (born c. 1562)source
  • March 29 – Tobias Matthew, English Archbishop of York (born 1546)source
  • June 8 – Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher (born 1547)source
  • 28 June – Jens Munk, navigator and explorer (born 1579)Denmarksource
  • July 13 – Robert Shirley, English adventurer (born c. 1581)source
  • July 18 – John Frederick, Duke of Württemberg (1608–1628) (born 1582)source
  • August 6 – Johannes Junius, Mayor of Bamberg, Germany (born 1573)source
  • August 20 – Sir Charles Morrison, 1st Baronet, Member of the Parliament of England (born 1587)source
  • August 23 – George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, English statesman (born 1592)source
  • August 23 – English courtier George Villiers, the first Duke of Buckingham, is assassinated by John Felton.source
  • September 8 – In a persecution of Christians in Japan, 21 Christian converts are executed on the same day.source
  • September 30 – Fulke Greville, 1st Baron Brooke, English writer (born 1554)source
  • 16 October – François de Malherbe, poet, critic and translator (born 1555)Francesource
  • 12-13 March – John Bull (born 1562/63), composerBelgiumsource
  • Amalia von Hatzfeld, countess, governor of Raseborg (born 1560)Swedensource