/year

September 2 in history

190 sourced entries recorded on September 2, from 44 BCE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 44 BCEPharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.source
  • 44 BCEThe first of Cicero's Philippicae (oratorical attacks) on Antony is published. He will make 14 of them over the next several months.source
  • 31 BCERoman Civil War: Battle of Actium: Off the western coast of Greece, Octavian Caesar defeats naval forces under Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII.source
  • 465A fire begins in Constantinople and, over the next six days, destroys the buildings in eight of the 14 sections into which the Eastern Roman Imperial capital had been divided.source
  • 579Uneh Chan becomes the ruler of the Mayan city state of Calakmul in southern Mexico and reigns until 611.source
  • 1191Richard I leads the Crusader army past Caesarea and is forced to turn inland, where he is separated from his supply ships. Saladin personally attacks the massed Crusader infantry, by bombarding them with arrows before charging their line with cavalry. During this brief but indecisive engagement, Richard is struck in the side by a crossbow bolt – though his armour absorbs much of the blow. By the end of the day, only 25 miles from Jaffa, Richard allows his men to rest (while recovering from his wounds) and re-assembles his forces.source
  • 1192After negotiations between Richard and Saladin, the Treaty of Jaffa is signed, which makes sure Jerusalem remains in Muslim hands, but insures visiting rights for pilgrims to come to the Holy City. The Third Crusade ends.source
  • 1301In their invasion of Scotland, English troops under the command of Prince Edward of Caernarfon and Henry de Lacy, Earl of Lincoln, capture Turnberry Castle in Carrick, the headquarters of the Bruces.source
  • 1304Brinolfo Algotsson, the Swedish Catholic Bishop of Skara is rewarded for his financial assistance in rebuilding Norway's Stavanger Cathedral, as a Norwegian ship arrives at Skara. He is presented a holy relic, what is purported to be a thorn from the crown of thorns worn by Jesus Christ at the Crucifixion. In a solemn profession led by Algotsson, the thorn is transported to the Skara Cathedral.source
  • 1369Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, is forced to disband the army that he had assembled to capture Normandy from the control of England, after being ordered by King Charles V of France.source
  • 1398The Bona crusaders from Spain sack the Algerian village of Tedelis in the Kingdom of Tlemcen, killing around 1,000 people, before abandoning the African crusade and returning to defend the siege of Avignon at France.source
  • 1442John Hunyadi defeats another army of the Ottoman Empire (70,000 strong), led by Hadım Şehabeddin, Beylerbey (or governor) of Rumelia, near the Ialomița River. Following this, he places Basarab II as ruler of Wallachia.source
  • 1457At the Battle of Albulena, the Albanian general Skanderbeg's defeats Ottoman Empire army, in the open field.source
  • 1506In Korea, Emperor Yonsangun, known for being a tyrant, is deposed in the Jungjong coup by his younger brother, who becomes King Jungjong.source
  • 1537King Christian III of Denmark and Norway appoints Gjeble Pederssøn as Norway's first Lutheran bishop for the Church of Norway.source
  • 1550September 2 (5th waning of Tawthalin 912 ME) – King Bayinnaung of Burma begins a four-month siege of the former Burmese capital, Toungoo, occupied by the king's rebellious brother Minkhaung.source
  • 1561The Entry of Mary, Queen of Scots into Edinburgh, a civic celebration for the Queen of Scotland, is marred by religious controversy.source
  • 1574Desmond submits to William FitzWilliam (Lord Deputy) at Cork following a month's campaign in Munster during which his castle at Derinlaur has been taken.source
  • 1576Simeon Bekbulatovich, who has served since the previous October as the Grand Prince of All Russia after the Tsar Ivan IV ("Ivan the Terrible") had taken leave of absence from the throne, steps down as Ivan returns to Moscow. Ivan rewards Bekbulatovich with the title of Grand Prince of Tver.source
  • 16014th Spanish Armada is sent; a fleet of 33 ships and 4,432 men, under the command of Admiral Juan del Águila, departs Portugal after being dispatched to Ireland by King Philip III. The Spanish fleet is intended to support an Irish rebellion led by Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone and Hugh Roe O'Donnell against the British.source
  • 1609Henry Hudson enters New York Bay, aboard the Halve Maen.source
  • 1610The Siege of Jülich ends as the Holy Roman Imperial city surrenders to Maurice of Nassau, commander of the Dutch Republic troops.source
  • 1612September 2 (August 23 O.S.) – The Lutheran Duchy of Prussia, a fiefdom within Poland, becomes the first Protestant government to follow the Roman Catholic nations in adopting the Gregorian calendar.source
  • 1620September 2 (August 23 OS) – Mayflower and Speedwell depart together from Dartmouth; they are well out into the Atlantic when the Speedwell is again found to be leaking.source
  • 1621The Battle of Khotyn begins as a force of more than 120,000 Ottoman troops attacks the Moldavian city of Khotyn. Despite the Ottomans' numerical superiority, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth wins the battle and forces a surrender five weeks later.source
  • 1628Thirty Years' War – Battle of Wolgast: Wallenstein defeats Christian IV of Denmark's army.source
  • 1642London theatre closure 1642: England's Long Parliament orders the theatres of London closed, effectively ending the era of English Renaissance theatre.source
  • 1642Parliament orders the theatres of London to be closed, effectively ending the era of English Renaissance theatre.source
  • 1644English Civil War: Second Battle of Lostwithiel (in Cornwall) – Charles I and the Royalists gain their last major victory.source
  • 1649The Italian city of Castro is completely destroyed by the forces of Pope Innocent X, ending the Wars of Castro.source
  • 1666The Great Fire of London begins as a blaze in a bakery owned by Thomas Farriner on Pudding Lane, near London Bridge. Over a period of four days, the fire destroys more than 13,000 buildings (including Old St Paul's Cathedral), but only six people are known to have died, while at least 80,000 are left destitute and homeless. The events are recorded by Samuel Pepys in his diary. The resurveying of property is credited with advancing both cartography and the practices of surveying, as well as resulting in the modern definition by John Ogilby of the statute mile, as 1,760 yards.source
  • 1675September 1–2 – While Wampanoags and Nipmucks attack Deerfield, Massachusetts, Captain Samuel Moseley commands Massachusetts troops in an attack on the Pennacook tribe.source
  • 1679The Treaty of Fontainebleau ends hostilities between Denmark-Norway and the Swedish Empire in the Scanian War. Denmark, pressured by France, restores all conquests made during the war to Sweden in turn for a "paltry indemnity".source
  • 1679The 8.0 Mw magnitude Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake devastates Beijing and Hebei in China.source
  • 1686Great Turkish War: Battle of Buda – Imperial forces of the Holy League of 1684 (Russia, Saxony, Brandenburg and Bavaria under Austrian leadership) liberate Buda (now part of Budapest) from Ottoman Turkish rule (leading to the end of Ottoman rule in Hungary during subsequent years).source
  • 1705August 31–September 5 – War of the Spanish Succession: The Siege of Zoutleeuw is carried out by the alliance of Dutch, English, Scottish and Holy Roman Empire troops against the French-held fortress of Zoutleeuw (in modern-day Belgium).source
  • 1752September 2 of Julian calendar (Wednesday) (September 13 "New Style")– Great Britain and the British Empire use the Julian calendar for the last time and adopt the Gregorian calendar, making the next day Thursday, September 14 in the English-speaking world. A newspaper at the time notes the next day that "Altho' we have more than once, for the Information of our Readers, publish'd some Accounts of the Alteration of the Style, which took Place this Day, agreeable to a late Act of Parliament, in all his Majesty's Dominions in Europe, Asia, Africa and America" and notes that "The Supputation of the Year began on the first Day of January last, and for the future the first Day of that Month will be stiled the first Day of every Year in all Accounts whatsoever, which Supputation or Reckoning never took Place before this Year in any Courts of Law until the 25th Day of March", and adds, "This Day, had not this Act passed, would have been the 3rd of September, but is now reckoned the 14th, eleven nominal Days being omitted."source
  • 1754A powerful earthquake strikes Constantinople shortly after 9 o'clock in the evening. A Scottish physician, Mordach Mackenzie, reports in a letter that the tremor damaged or destroyed numerous buildings and comments, "Some say there were 2000 people destroyed by this calamity, in the town and suburbs; some 900; and others reduce them to 60, who, by what I have seen, are nearer the truth."source
  • 1755A powerful hurricane strikes the east coast of the British colony of North Carolina, killing 150 people and sinking five British and colonial merchant ships at Portsmouth Island.source
  • 1756Abu l-Hasan Ali I, Bey of Tunis is forcibly removed after 23 years as the ruler of the North African emirate by his cousins, who are avenging the overthrow and execution of their father, Husayn in 1735. Hasan Ali surrenders to the rebels and is imprisoned in Algiers, then executed on September 22 on orders of the new Bey of Tunis, Muhammad I ar-Rashid.source
  • 1775August 29 – September 12 – The Independence Hurricane from South Carolina to Nova Scotia kills 4,170, mostly fishermen and sailors.source
  • 1777HD;S Justitia is launched at Orlogsværftet on Nyholm in Copenhagen.source
  • 1786A hurricane strikes Barbados.source
  • 1789The United States Department of the Treasury is founded.source
  • 1792August 29–September 2 – War of the First Coalition: Battle of Verdun – Prussian forces defeat French troops led by Nicolas-Joseph Beaurepaire.source
  • 1792September 2–7 – French Revolution: September Massacres – Rampaging mobs slaughter three Roman Catholic bishops and more than 200 priests, together with at least 1,000 other criminals.source
  • 1796Jewish emancipation in the Batavian Republic (Netherlands).source
  • 1801Siege of Alexandria: French troops (some 10,000 men) under General Jacques-François Menou surrender to the British after a siege of 17 days. According to the terms, the French are allowed to keep their personal weapons and baggage.source
  • 1808September 1–2: Battle of Ruona–Salmisource
  • 1820The Daoguang Emperor succeeds to the throne of Qing dynasty China.source
  • 1833Oberlin College is founded in the U.S. at Oberlin, Ohio.source
  • 1833Oberlin College is founded in Oberlin, Ohio by John Shipherd and Philo P. Stewart.source
  • 1843The Economist newspaper first published (preliminary issue dated August).source
  • 1843The Economist newspaper is first published in London (preliminary issue dated August).source
  • 1854August 31–September 8 – An epidemic of cholera in London kills over 10,000. Dr John Snow traces the source of one outbreak (that killed 500) to a single water pump, validating his theory that cholera is water-borne, and forming the starting point for epidemiology.source
  • 1856Taiping Rebellion: Wei Changhui and Qin Rigang assassinate Yang Xiuqing.source
  • 1858September 1–2 – Staten Island Quarantine Warsource
  • 1859August 28–September 2 – The solar storm of 1859, the largest geomagnetic solar storm on record, causes the Northern lights to be visible as far south as Montería, Colombia and knocks out telegraph communication (this is also called the Carrington event).source
  • 1862U.S. President Abraham Lincoln restores Union General George B. McClellan to full command, after General John Pope's disastrous defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run.source
  • 1862The first Aarhus and Randers railway stations oen when the new Aarhus–Randers railway line is inaugurated.source
  • 1864September 1 – September 9: Charlottetown Conference, noted as the first step towards Confederationsource
  • 1867Emperor Meiji of Japan marries Empress Shōken (née Masako Ichijō). The Empress consort is thereafter known as Lady Haruko.source
  • 1870Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Sedan – Prussian forces defeat the French armies and take Emperor Napoleon III and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner at Sedan, France.source
  • 1870Belgian Red Cross despatches medical units to Lorraine in the wake of the Battle of Sedan.source
  • 1871Whaling disaster of 1871: The Comet, a brig used by whalers, becomes the first of 33 ships to be crushed in the Arctic ice by an early freeze. Remarkably, all 1,219 people on the abandoned ships are rescued without a single loss of life.source
  • 1874Convention with The Netherlands for improvements to the Ghent–Terneuzen Canal signed in Brussels.source
  • 1875The Guibord Affair, violence resulting from the 1874 Guibord case, breaks out.source
  • 1878Creighton University, a Jesuit university in Omaha, Nebraska, is founded.source
  • 1882Kimberley becomes the first town in the Southern Hemisphere to install electric street lighting.source
  • 1885The Rock Springs massacre occurs in Rock Springs, Wyoming; 150 white miners attack their Chinese coworkers, killing 28, wounding 15, and forcing several hundred more out of town.source
  • 1885Cape Eastern – Molteno to Aliwal North, 69 mi 35 ch.source
  • 1892Everton F. C. play their first game at their new Goodison Park stadium following their exit from Anfield earlier this year. Their first game at the stadium ends in a 2–2 draw with Nottingham Forest.source
  • 1896Clarkson University holds its first classes, with 17 students attending in Potsdam, New York.source
  • 1904John Voss sails the rigged dugout canoe Tilikum into the River Thames in England after a 3-year voyage from Victoria, British Columbia, westabout.source
  • 1905The millennia-old imperial examination system for the civil service is abolished in Qing dynasty China.source
  • 1905Alexander Rutherford becomes the first premier of Albertasource
  • 1912The first Calgary Stampede is heldsource
  • 1916WWI: British pilot Leefe Robinson becomes the first to shoot down a German airship over Britain.source
  • 1920August 28–September 2 – Bukhara operation: The Russian Red Army and Young Bukharians overthrow the Emirate of Bukhara, leading to the establishment of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.source
  • 1923Martial law declared in Tokyo districtssource
  • 1932Despite the court's sentence of death against the "Potempa five", Chancellor von Papen in his capacity as Reich Commissioner of Prussia refuses to have them executed under the grounds that they were not aware of the emergency law at the time they committed the murder, but in reality because he is still hoping for Nazi support for his government.source
  • 19351935 Labor Day hurricane: The strongest hurricane ever to strike the United States landfalls in the Upper Florida Keys as a Category 5 storm with 185 mph winds, killing 423.source
  • 1937The Great Hong Kong Typhoon kills an estimated 11,000 persons.source
  • 1938Soviet Ambassador to Britain Ivan Maisky calls on Winston Churchill, telling him that Soviet Foreign Commissar Maxim Litvinov has expressed to the French chargé d'affaires in Moscow that the Soviet Union is willing to fight over the territorial integrity of Czechoslovakia.source
  • 1938The Hatay Republic was founded, Tayfur Sökmen was elected as the Hatay presidentsource
  • 1944¡Hola! magazine is launched in Barcelona.source
  • 1944Zahir Shah hosts a grand palace reception for Zadran tribal leaders who had been paid to swear loyalty and defect from Mazrak. The government agrees to abolish the timber monopoly, adjust taxes to market rates, and grants the Zadrans the right to form a militia—temporarily stabilising the situation, though Mazrak remains active in Waziristan.source
  • 1945The Democratic Republic of Vietnam is officially established, by Ho Chi Minh.source
  • 1945General Douglas MacArthur is given the title of Supreme Commander Allied Powers, and is also tasked with the occupation of Japan.source
  • 1946The Interim Government of India takes charge, with Jawaharlal Nehru as vice president, as part of the transition from the British Raj to full independence for India and Pakistan.source
  • 1949Film noir The Third Man, with screenplay by Graham Greene and set in Allied-occupied Vienna, is released in the United Kingdom; it wins the 1949 Grand Prix at the Cannes Film Festival.source
  • 1949The Society of Fighters for Freedom and Democracy is established.source
  • 1950François Simon replaces Aloyse Hentgen as Minister for Economic Affairs and Agriculture.source
  • 1951The Sri Lanka Freedom Party is founded by S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike.source
  • 1952C. Walton Lillehei and F. John Lewis perform the first open-heart surgery, at the University of Minnesota.source
  • 1954A timber train carrying more than 100 passengers derailed and multiple wagons fall off a bridge near Fabrica, Negros Occidental. At least 82 people were killed.source
  • 1955Under the guidance of Dr. Humphry Osmond, Christopher Mayhew ingests 400 mg of mescaline hydrochloride and allows himself to be filmed as part of a Panorama special for BBC TV in the U.K. that is never broadcast.source
  • 1958Hendrik Verwoerd becomes the 6th Prime Minister of South Africa.source
  • 19581958 C-130 shootdown incidentsource
  • 1958China's first television broadcasts start at Beijing Television Station, a predecessor of China Central Television.source
  • 1960The first elections of the Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration (in exile in India) are held. The Tibetan community observes this date as Democracy Day.source
  • 1964Indian Hungry generation poets, including Malay Roy Choudhury, are arrested on charges of conspiracy against the state and obscenity in literature.source
  • 1964The second racial riot occurred between Malays and Chinese after the murder of a Malay Trishaw rider. By the time the riots ended, 13 people are killed, with 106 injured.source
  • 1965Vietnam War: In a follow-up to August's Operation Starlite, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate Operation Piranha on the Batangan Peninsula, 23 mi south of the Chu Lai Marine base.source
  • 1969Amos de-Shalit (born 1926), Israeli nuclear physicist.source
  • 1970August 31 – September 5: Tropical Storm Norma.source
  • 1971The United Arab Republic is renamed to the Arab Republic of Egyptsource
  • 1977August 29 – September 4:Hurricane Anitasource
  • 1980Ford Europe launches the Escort MK3, a new front-wheel-drive hatchback. Punk band Dead Kennedys release their debut album, Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables.source
  • 1984Seven people are shot and killed and 12 wounded in the Milperra massacre, a shootout between the rival motorcycle gangs Bandidos and Comancheros in Sydney, Australia.source
  • 1986Typhoon Miding hits northern Luzon killing 36 people.source
  • 1987In Moscow, USSR, the trial begins for 19-year-old pilot Mathias Rust, who flew his Cessna airplane into Red Square in May.source
  • 1990September 1–10 – Pope John Paul II visits Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda and Ivory Coast.source
  • 1992The 7.7 Mw Nicaragua earthquake affects the west coast of Nicaragua. With a Ms–Mw disparity of half a unit, this tsunami earthquake triggers a tsunami that causes most of the damage and casualties, with at least 116 killed. Average runup heights are 3 - 8 m.source
  • 1996President Samper announces that Ecopetrol has discovered oil in Medina, Cundinamarca.source
  • 1998A United Nations court finds Jean-Paul Akayesu, the former mayor of a small town in Rwanda, guilty of nine counts of genocide, marking the first time that the 1948 law banning genocide is enforced.source
  • 1998Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim, the deputy prime minister was sacked from fifth Mahathir cabinet and parliament.source
  • 2002August 26–September 4 – Earth Summit 2002 takes places in Johannesburg, South Africa, aimed at discussing sustainable development by the United Nations.source
  • 2002August 22–September 4 – Typhoon Rusa, the most powerful typhoon to hit South Korea in 43 years, makes landfall, killing at least 236 people.source
  • 2003Typhoon Dujuan makes landfall in Guangdong as a category 1 typhoon with sustained winds of 90 mph.source
  • 2004A fire breaks out at the Duchess Anna Amalia Library.source
  • 2005August 29 – September 4 – 2005 Asian Amateur Boxing Championships were held in Ho Chi Minh City.source
  • 2007Sudan postpones a census that is a crucial for the success of two national elections.source
  • 20092009 Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister helicopter crash. A helicopter carrying Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy went missing in the Nallamala Forest area. It was later confirmed to have crashed with all five people including Reddy pronounced dead.source
  • 20112011 Chilean Air Force C-212 crash. A CASA C-212 Aviocar military transport of the Chilean Air Force on a flight from Santiago to Robinson Crusoe Island, Chile, crashed into the sea while manoeuvring to land. All 21 passengers and crew on board were killed.source
  • 2012Meles' state funeral took place in Addis Ababa and inhumed at Holy Trinity Cathedral Church.source
  • 2018A fire breaks out in the National Museum of Brazil in Rio de Janeiro, destroying more than 90 percent of its archive of 20 million items.source
  • 2019Iranian woman Sahar Khodayari sets herself on fire after being arrested for attending a soccer game in Iran. She dies a week later.source
  • 2021August 24–September 5 – The 2020 Summer Paralympics were held in Tokyo, Japan. They were originally scheduled for 25 August–6 September 2020, but were postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.source
  • 20222022 Russian invasion of Ukraine: The G7 economies agree to impose a price cap on Russian petroleum exports.source
  • 2023The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launches Aditya-L1, India's first solar observation mission.source
  • 2024The Brazilian Supreme Court upholds a decision to block the social media platform X (also known as Twitter) over what the Brazilian government determined to be rampant disinformation and Elon Musk's failure to name a legal representative to the country.source
  • 2024August 28 – September 8 – The 2024 Summer Paralympics are held in Paris, France.source
  • 2025The International Atomic Energy Agency says it found traces of uranium of anthropogenic origin at an undeclared nuclear reactor in Deir ez-Zor Governorate that was attacked by Israel in 2007 and linked to the Assad regime's clandestine nuclear program.source

Births

  • 1054Sukjong, ruler of Goryeo (died 1105)source
  • 1243Walter Langton, bishop of Coventry (died 1321)source
  • 1243Gilbert de Clare, English nobleman (died 1295)source
  • 1251Francis of Fabriano, Italian writer (died 1322)source
  • 1516Francis I, Duke of Nevers (died 1561)source
  • 1531Francesco Cattani da Diacceto, Bishop of Fiesole (died 1595)source
  • 1548Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect (died 1616)source
  • 1668Margareta von Ascheberg, Swedish noblewoman and land owner (died 1753).source
  • 1675William Somervile, English poet (died 1742)source
  • 1722William Crawford, American soldier and surveyor (died 1782)source
  • 1726John Howard (prison reformer), English philanthropist (died 1790)source
  • 1812William Fox, 2nd Premier of New Zealand (died 1893)source
  • 1838Liliuokalani, last Queen of Hawaii (died 1917)source
  • 1838Bhaktivinoda Thakur, Indian guru, philosopher (died 1914)source
  • 1839Henry George, American writer, politician, and political economist (died 1897)source
  • 1853Wilhelm Ostwald, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1932)source
  • 1913Bill Shankly, Scottish football manager (died 1981)source
  • 1921Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo, politician (died 1973)source
  • 1949Bak Il, actor and voice actor (died 2019)source
  • 1962Keir Starmer, British politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdomsource
  • 1964Keanu Reeves, Canadian actorsource
  • 1964Daniel Batista Lima, footballersource
  • 1995Aleksander Barkov, Finnish ice hockey playersource

Deaths

  • 421Constantius III dies suddenly of an illness; his wife Galla Placidia becomes, for the second time, a widow.source
  • 421Constantius III, emperor of the Western Roman Empiresource
  • 459Simeon Stylites, Christian pillar-saint.source
  • 595John IV ("the Faster"), patriarch of Constantinople, dies after a 13-year reign in which he has mediated disputes between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Monophysites.source
  • 595John IV, patriarch of Constantinoplesource
  • 1022Máel Sechnaill II, High King of Irelandsource
  • 1031Emeric, Hungarian prince and co-heirsource
  • 1083Munjong of Goryeo, Korean ruler (born 1019)source
  • 1179Taira no Shigemori, Japanese nobleman (born 1138)source
  • 1216Peter II (of Ivrea), patriarch of Antiochsource
  • 1274Munetaka, Japanese prince and shogun (born 1242)source
  • 1397Francesco Landini, Italian composersource
  • 1486Guy XIV de Laval, French noble (born 1406)source
  • 1540Lebna Dengel, Emperor of Ethiopia (in battle) (born 1501)source
  • 1543Sultan Quli Qutb Mulk, founder of the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda (born 1470)source
  • 1595Battle of the Lippe (Eighty Years' War): Spanish cavalry, led by Cristóbal de Mondragón (aged over 80), defeat combined forces of the Dutch Republic and England led by Philip of Nassau (who dies of wounds received), on the banks of the river Lippe in Germany.source
  • 1598The Mahu expedition from the Dutch Republic arrives at the Cape Verde Islands off of the coast of Africa, and many of the men become fatally ill, including Captain Jacques Mahu, who dies on September 23.source
  • 1651Kösem Sultan, regent of the Ottoman Empire (born 1590)source
  • 1651Kösem Sultan is assassinated by her daughter-in-law, Turhan Sultan.source
  • 1652Jusepe de Ribera, Spanish Tenebrist painter and printmaker (born 1591)source
  • 1680Per Brahe the Younger, statesman (born 1602)source
  • 1755Princess Marie Zéphyrine of France, sister of Louis XVI (born 1750)source
  • 1765Henry Bouquet, Swiss-born British army officer (born 1719)source
  • 1807September 2–7 – Battle of Copenhagen: The British Royal Navy bombards Copenhagen with fire bombs and phosphorus rockets, to prevent the Dano-Norwegian navy from surrendering to Napoleon; 30% of the city is destroyed, and 2,000 citizens are killed.source
  • 1834Thomas Telford, Scottish engineer (born 1757)source
  • 1865William Rowan Hamilton, Irish mathematician (born 1805)source
  • 1898Battle of Omdurman (Mahdist War): British and Egyptian troops led by Horatio Kitchener defeat Sudanese tribesmen led by Khalifa Abdullah al-Taashi, thus establishing British dominance in the Sudan. 11,000 Sudanese are killed and 1,600 wounded in the battle.source
  • 1898Wilford Woodruff, fourth president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (born 1807)source
  • 1969Ho Chi Minh, Vietnamese Communist politician, 1st Prime Minister of North Vietnam and 1st President of North Vietnam (born 1890)source
  • 1969Ho Chi Minh, the president of Democratic Republic of Vietnam, died at the age of 79.source
  • 1973J. R. R. Tolkien, British writer (born 1892)source
  • 1998A McDonnell Douglas MD-11 airliner (Swissair Flight 111) crashes near Peggy's Cove, Nova Scotia, after taking off from New York City en route to Geneva; all 229 people on board are killed.source
  • 2019Sinking of MV Conception: 34 people are killed following a fire and subsequent sinking of a dive boat near Santa Cruz Island, California, United States. It is the worst maritime disaster in California in more than 150 years.source