/year

October 7 in history

217 sourced entries recorded on October 7, from 311 CE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 1072Alfonso VI becomes king of León and Castile, following the assassination of Sancho II. He is bestowed with the title of "Emperor of Spain", and is forced by El Cid (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar), the standard-bearer of Sancho, to take an oath denying any involvement in his brother's death.source
  • 1111October 5 – 18-year-old Baldwin VII succeeds his father, Robert II, as Count of Flanders until 1119.source
  • 1123Pope Calixtus II issues the papal bull Aequitatis et justitiae, placing the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tricarico in Italy under the protection of the papacy.source
  • 1207The Indramayu Regency in Nusantara is established.source
  • 1317Pope John XXII issues the bull Quorundam exigit, imposing a more lenient treatment of supporters of the Franciscan cause of "unconditional poverty".source
  • 1324(Genko 4, 19th day of 9th month) The Shōchū Incident, the plan by Japan's Emperor Go-Daigo to overthrow the Kamakura shogunate, is discovered by the shogun's security police, the Rokuhara Tandai, and persons involved (other than the Emperor) are arrested and punished.source
  • 1376King Edward III of England makes out his Last Will and Testament, formally declaring his grandson Prince Richard as his successor, describing him as "Next we give and leave to our future heir, on whom may God confer his saving Grace, Richard, namely the son of Edward of honoured memory lately prince of Wales our firstborn son".source
  • 1391Bridget of Sweden is canonized by Pope Boniface IX.source
  • 1400Tamerlane, the Mongol conqueror, stops between Malatya and Aleppo at the Turkish garrison in Behesna. According to author Peter Purton, the garrison "had the temerity to shoot a catapult ball at Timur which rolled into his tent. Setting up his own battery of 20 machines, it is said that the first shot hit and destroyed the offending weapon. Treating this as a good omen, the attack was launched, the towers mined... and the place surrendered."source
  • 1403Battle of Modon: The Genoese fleet under Jean Le Maingre (Marshal Boucicaut) is defeated by the Republic of Venice, at Modon in the Peloponnese.source
  • 1403Battle of Modon: The Genoese fleet under Jean Le Maingre (Marshal Boucicaut) is defeated by the Republic of Venice, at Modon in the Peloponnese.source
  • 1406French troops comprising 1,000 men at arms land on the Channel Island of Jersey, and fight a battle against 3,000 defenders.source
  • 1409Jean de Montagu, Grand Master of France and a leading advisor to the mentally unstable King Charles VI of France, is arrested on orders of John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy. Montagu is publicly beheaded 10 days later at the Gibbet of Montfaucon in Paris.source
  • 1425King Charles VII of France and John V, the English Duke of Brittany, sign the Treaty of Saumur to settle the war between the kingdom and the duchy.source
  • 1460The 22nd parliament of Henry VI is opened, and the House of Commons elects John Green as its speaker.source
  • 1462Pope Pius II issues the declaration Apud Raynaldum, condemning the enslavement of Christians, although the prohibition is limited only to people recently baptized.source
  • 1473At Trier, Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, hosts an elaborate banquet for the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and various prince-electors of the electorates within the Empire, ostensibly to work towards a common union of nations to begin a new crusade against the Ottomans, but offends most of his guests because of his arrogant ambition.source
  • 1482John Stewart, Lord Darnley finally surrenders Edinburgh Castle to King James III's brother, the Duke of Albany, after a siege of almost two months.source
  • 1492The Columbus expedition, having seen no land for 29 days while sailing westward, and with some of its sailors threatening to mutiny, spots large flocks of birds, confirming that land is ahead. Christopher Columbus orders a change of course to follow the flight direction of the birds.source
  • 1506Pope Julius II issues a bull excommunicating Giovanni II Bentivoglio from the Roman Catholic Church, who had dominated the Italian city state of Bologna.source
  • 1513Battle of La Motta (War of the League of Cambrai): Spanish and imperial troops under Ramón de Cardona decisively defeat those of the Republic of Venice under Bartolomeo d'Alviano in Schio.source
  • 1531Edicts issued on coins, notaries, monopolies, vagrancy and poor relief, and on the printing of heretical books.source
  • 1532(9th waxing of Tazaungmon 894 ME) The Burmese monarch Min Bin, King of Arrakan, leads a combined invasion force of 12,000 people (three armies of 11,000 men in a three-pronged attack, and a flotilla of war boats carrying 1,000 troops) in an invasion of Bengal in India.source
  • 1541Through royal decree, the city of Arequipa is granted its coat of arms.source
  • 1542Cabrillo becomes the first European to set foot on California's Santa Catalina Island.source
  • 1556Hemu, the Chief Minister and general of Adil Shah Suri defeats the Mughals in the Battle of Tughlaqabad and captures Delhi.source
  • 1563Giovanni Battista Lercari is elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa.source
  • 1567Bible translations into Welsh: The New Testament is first published in Welsh, in William Salesbury's translation from the Greek.source
  • 1571Battle of Lepanto: Spanish, Venetian, and Papal naval forces, under Don John of Austria, defeat the Ottoman fleet of Müezzinzade Ali Pasha.source
  • 15807 October–10 October – Siege of Smerwick: The Papal forces are besieged at Dún an Óir by the English Army and surrender. At least 400 are massacred on Lord Grey's orders. Walter Ralegh is present.source
  • 1587Sigismund Vasa and a fleet of Swedish ships land in Poland to confront an invasion by Maximilian III and an Austrian Army.source
  • 1588The first biography of Nicolaus Copernicus (d.1543) is completed by Bernardino Baldi.source
  • 1658The Netherlands enters the Dano-Swedish War to come to the rescue of Denmark, sending a 45-ship fleet from Vlie.source
  • 1661Guru Har Krishan becomes the eighth Sikh guru, Guru Jisource
  • 1668French Jesuit missionary Jean Pierron arrives at the Mohawk Nation city of Tionondogen (near modern-day Palatine, New York, U.S.) to replace Jacques Frémin in attempting to convert members of the Iroquois tribe to Christianity.source
  • 1690an earthquake with its epicentre at Caernarfon is felt in Dublin.source
  • 1696The Convention of Vigevano is signed, bringing a general ceasefire in Italy and an end to the Nine Years' War between France and the remaining members of the Grand Alliance.source
  • 1697The opera Issé, composed by André Cardinal Destouches with libretto by Antoine Houdar de la Motte, premieres at the Palace of Fontainebleau in France.source
  • 1702Great Northern War: Russian troops besiege the Swedish fortress of Nöteborg, and capture it after 15 days.source
  • 1710October 5 – October 13 - British forces under Francis Nicholson conduct the successful Siege of Port Royal against a French Acadian garrison and the Wabanaki Confederacy at the Acadian capital, Port Royal, marking the start of British control of what became Nova Scotia.source
  • 1711HMS Feversham is wrecked on Scaterie Island, Nova Scotia with the loss of 102 lives.source
  • 1731The rebuilt Trinitatis Church is reinaugurated in Copenhagen.source
  • 1732French Army Lieutenant General Florent-Jean de Vallière is tasked by King Louis XV to improve France's method of forging cannons.source
  • 1762Siege of Schweidnitz in Silesia. Prussia takes the strategic fortress from Austria.source
  • 1763The Royal Proclamation of 1763 is issued by George III of Great Britain, restricting the westward expansion of British North America, and stabilizing relations with the indigenous peoples of the Americas, by barring white settlement of lands west of the Appalachian Mountains.source
  • 1763Royal Proclamation of 1763 is made by George III, regulating westward expansion of British North America and stabilizing relations with indigenous peoples of the Americas.source
  • 1769James Cook lands in New Zealand, at Poverty Bay.source
  • 1769James Cook reaches New Zealand.source
  • 1776Crown Prince Paul of Russia marries Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg.source
  • 1777American Revolutionary War – Second Battle of Saratoga (Battle of Bemis Heights): British General John Burgoyne is defeated by American troops.source
  • 1780American Revolutionary War: Battle of Kings Mountain: Patriot militia forces annihilate Loyalists under British Major Patrick Ferguson, at Kings Mountain, South Carolina.source
  • 1790Commissioners appointed by the New York legislature announce the successful conclusion of negotiations between New York and Vermont, concerning disputed real-estate claims, and the consent of New York's legislature to the admission to the Union of the state of Vermont as the 14th State (which was formed within what New York claimed as its territory, under an Order in Council, that King George III issued on July 20, 1764).source
  • 1790October 7 New York consents to Vermont's admission to the Union, with cessation of New York's jurisdiction, in the disputed territory.source
  • 1790October 7–22 – The Harmar Campaign ends in a defeat of U.S. Army General Josiah Harmar and Colonel John Hardin by the Western Confederacy of Indians, led by Chief Little Turtle or Mihšihkinaahkwa of the Miami tribe and Blue Jacket or Weyapiersenwah of the Shawnee at Kekionga (now Fort Wayne, Indiana).source
  • 1795October 5 – 13 Vendémiaire: Royalist riots in Paris are crushed by troops under Paul Barras and newly-reinstalled artillery officer Napoleon Bonaparte.source
  • 1798U.S. Representative Matthew Lyon of Vermont becomes the first member of Congress to be put on trial for violating the new Sedition Act of 1798.source
  • 1798George Bass and Matthew Flinders leave Sydney to explore Van Diemen's Land on the Norfolk.source
  • 1798St Phillip's Church founded in Sydney, completed in 1809.source
  • 1800French privateer Robert Surcouf leads the 150-man crew of his corvette Confiance 1797 ship to capture the 40-gun, 437-man British East Indiaman Kent 1799 ship in the Indian Ocean.source
  • 1806Carbon paper patented by Ralph Wedgwood.source
  • 1811The Frederick, Captain Bodie, leaves Port Jackson to go whaling and then return to London. Captain Bodie has agreed with Samuel Marsden to return Ruatara, Te Pahi's son and 2 other Māori to New Zealandied Marsden gives Ruatara 2 saws, some other tools and some seed wheat to take with him. After provisioning at North Cape the Frederick goes whaling for 6 months. (see 1812)source
  • 1825The Miramichi Fire, a forest fire, breaks out in New Brunswick (Canada).source
  • 1826The first train operates over the Granite Railway in Massachusetts.source
  • 1830The 'Black Line' campaign of the Black War begins in an attempt to capture all Tasmanian Aborigines. The campaign lasts 7 weeks and only succeeds in bringing two Aborigines to the authorities.source
  • 1833the Edinburgh Emancipation Society, Edinburgh Ladies' Emancipation Society, Glasgow Emancipation Society and Glasgow Ladies' Emancipation Society are formed in support of abolitionism.source
  • 1839Much of downtown Mobile, Alabama is destroyed by a wind-fueled fire.source
  • 1840William II becomes King of the Netherlands.source
  • 1843O'Connell gives in to government prohibition of Clontarf meeting planned for the next day. However, he is charged with conspiracy a few days later.source
  • 1852After learning that U.S. President Fillmore has sent Commodore Matthew C. Perry to open trade with Japan, Nicholas I of Russia sends Rear Admiral Yevfimy Putyatin to lead the Pallada on a similar mission (Putyatin arrives on August 21, 1853, one month after Perry).source
  • 1860One of the monks sets fire to the church and one of the dormitories at Scourmont Priory.source
  • 1861the Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation, Manchester in Salford is consecrated as the oldest purpose-built Greek Orthodox Church in England.source
  • 1866October 7–21 – The Second Plenary Council of American Roman Catholic bishops is held in Baltimore.source
  • 1868Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, is opened, with an initial enrollment of 412 men the following day.source
  • 1872The railway line Drammenbanen between Oslo and Drammen is opened.source
  • 1872an underground explosion at Morley Main Colliery, Morley, West Yorkshire, kills 34.source
  • 1879The Dual Alliance is formed by Germany and Austria-Hungary.source
  • 1879A defensive alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary is created by treaty.source
  • 1886Spain abolishes slavery in Cuba.source
  • 1903October 1–13 – First modern World Series: The Boston Americans defeat the Pittsburgh Pirates in eight games.source
  • 1910Baudette fire of 1910, a wildfire that burns ca. 350,000 square miles in Minnesota and Ontario, including several towns.source
  • 1911Outlaw Elmer McCurdy and "associates" are chased after trying to rob a train in Oklahoma. McCurdy on the run is eventually hunted down and shot by authorities. His body is never claimed and later is chemically petrified. Afterwards his remains serve as sideshow attractions in carnivals until 1976 when they are diagnosed by forensic experts to be McCurdy. McCurdy's body is finally buried in 1976 after a 65-year odyssey to the grave.source
  • 1913December 1 – The Ford Motor Company adopts a moving assembly line for chassis production, reducing assembly time from 12½ hours to 2 hours 40 minutes, a landmark in mass production.source
  • 1914A magnitude 6.6 earthquake strikes East Cape, Gisborne.source
  • 1916The Georgia Tech vs. Cumberland College American football game ends in a score of 222–0.source
  • 1919The Dutch airline KLM is founded (as of 2025, it is the world's oldest airline still flying under its original name).source
  • 1920The establishment of the Jewish National Council, the main national institution of the Jewish community (Yishuv) within the British Mandate of Palestine.source
  • 1921During his first rebellion, Simko Shikak launches an attack on the Savujbulak district of Mahabad. With a force of approximately 3,900, he attacks the gendarmes, killing 400 of them and looting the local population.source
  • 1925October 5–16 – The Locarno Treaties are negotiated.source
  • 1928Haile Selassie is crowned king (not yet emperor) of Abyssinia.source
  • 1933Air France is formed by the merger of five French airline companies, beginning operations with 250 planes.source
  • 1937October 2–8 – Parsley Massacre: Under the orders of President Rafael Trujillo, Dominican troops kill thousands of Haitians living in the Dominican Republic.source
  • 1939WWII: British Royal Navy cruiser HMS Emerald departs Plymouth in convoy for Halifax, Nova Scotia, carrying £2M in gold bar to be used for purchase of military materiel in North America, a predecessor of Operation Fish.source
  • 1941John Curtin becomes the 14th Prime Minister of Australia, following the defeat of Arthur Fadden's Country/UAP Coalition government, on the floor of the House of Representatives.source
  • 1943Yoram Globus, Israeli film producer and cinema ownersource
  • 1944The Holocaust: Members of the Sonderkommando – a special detachment of Jewish prisoners who are forced to empty the gas chambers after a mass gassing and undertake the burning of the bodies – organises the only armed revolt that ever takes place in Auschwitz concentration camp. They succeed in destroying the gas chambers and Crematorium IV. The Waffen-SS murders more than 450 prisoners who take part in the revolt.source
  • 1948Johan Hjort, fisheries scientist, marine zoologist and oceanographer (born 1869)source
  • 1949The German Democratic Republic (East Germany) is officially established (until 1990).source
  • 1949Four killed by an Israeli mortar attack on Beit Hanunsource
  • 1950Battle of Chamdo: The Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China, begins with the Chinese People's Liberation Army invading across the Jinsha River. By October 19 they will have taken the border town of Chamdo, and the Tibetan army will have surrendered.source
  • 1950The Agate Pass Bridge opens for traffic in Washington State.source
  • 1951October 3–8 – Korean War: First Battle of Maryang-san – United Nations (primarily Australian) forces drive back the Chinese.source
  • 1951Asiong Salonga, a popular gangster in Tondo, Manila, is fatally shot by a henchman linked to his rival Carlos "Totoy Golem" Capistrano, also a gang leader, in a drinking spree.source
  • 1959The Soviet probe Luna 3 sends back the first ever images of the far side of the Moon.source
  • 1959On Baghdad's al-Rashid Street, President Abd al-Karim Qasim was ambushed on his way to the East German embassy. The five man team, led by future Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, killed Qasim's driver and wounded Qasim. One assassin died and Saddam himself was injured, but escaped to farm.source
  • 1960Isidro Fabela is awarded the Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor.source
  • 1963Buddhist crisis: Amid worsening relations, outspoken South Vietnamese First Lady Madame Ngo Dinh Nhu arrives in the US for a speaking tour, continuing a flurry of attacks on the Kennedy administration.source
  • 1966The Soviet Union declares that all Chinese students must leave the country before the end of October.source
  • 1967Asaba massacre took place when federal troops of Nigeria entered Asaba, rounded up as many as 500 Igbo men of Asaba and shot them.source
  • 1970General Juan José Torres becomes the new President of Bolivia.source
  • 1971October 4–7 – Pink Floyd record their groundbreaking film, Pink Floyd: Live at Pompeii at the Amphitheatre of Pompeii.source
  • 1971September 27–October 11 – Japanese Emperor Hirohito travels abroad.source
  • 1972September 30-October 7: Hurricane Joannesource
  • 1977The Soviet Union adopts its third Constitution. The Soviet National Anthem's lyrics are returned after a 24-year period, with Joseph Stalin's name omitted.source
  • 1977Pelé plays his final professional football game, as a member of the New York Cosmos.source
  • 1978Wranslide in New South Wales: the Wran government is re-elected with an increased majority.source
  • 1979October 1–7 – Pope John Paul II makes a six-city visit to the United States, starting in Boston.source
  • 1979Pope John Paul II ends his first U.S. papal visit in Washington, D.C., with his first-ever visit to the White House.source
  • 1985The cruise ship Achille Lauro is hijacked in the Mediterranean Sea by four heavily armed Palestinian terrorists. One passenger, American Leon Klinghoffer, is killed.source
  • 1987Sikh nationalists declare the independence of Khalistan from India.source
  • 1987Algeria and Libya announce a tentative agreement to form a political union. Algeria backed out of the planned union in November, well before it was implemented.source
  • 1987The U.S. Department of Education announces new guidelines for teaching about AIDS in public schools, emphasizing the importance of abstinence and "appropriate moral and social conduct."source
  • 1988The Russian tricolor is raised openly for the first time in the Soviet Union during a demonstration in Leningrad.source
  • 1989October 1–13 – Typhoons Angela (Rubing), Dan (Saling), and Elsie (Tasing) impact the country in two weeks.source
  • 1989The communist Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party votes to reorganise itself as a socialist party, to be named the Hungarian Socialist Party.source
  • 1991Dissolution of Yugoslavia: The Yugoslav Air Force bombs the office of Croatian President Franjo Tuđman, causing the Croatian Parliament to cut all remaining ties with Yugoslavia the following day.source
  • 1992In Peru, Shining Path leader Abimael Guzmán is convicted of treason and sentenced to life in prison.source
  • 1993Altamura, Apulia: the remains of the Man of Altamura (Homo arcaicus), the only one of its kind, come to light.source
  • 1994October 2 – 16 – The Philippines participates in the 1994 Asian Games held in Hiroshima, Japan from October 2 to 16, 1994. It Ranks 14th with three gold medals, two silver medals and eight bronze medals with a total of 13 over-all medals.source
  • 2001United States invasion of Afghanistan: In response to the September 11 attacks, Afghanistan is invaded by a US-led coalition, beginning the War in Afghanistan.source
  • 2003Nokia releases a handheld game console, the N-Gage. It becomes a major critical failure in the gaming industry.source
  • 2007Costa Ricans narrowly approved the Central America Free Trade Agreement in a referendum with 51.6 percent of the vote.source
  • 2010Lithuania and European Space Agency written cooperation agreement.source
  • 2010October 3–14 – 2010 Commonwealth Games takes place in Delhi, India.source
  • 2012An Antonov An-12 aircraft belonging to the Sudanese military crashes southwest of Khartoum, killing at least 13 of the 22 people on board.source
  • 2016Three events that will play a significant role in the 2016 United States presidential election all take place on the same afternoon: (1) U.S. intelligence agencies publicly accuse the Russian government of using computer hacking to interfere with the U.S. election process; (2) The Washington Post releases a videotape showing candidate Donald Trump privately bragging about sexual improprieties; (3) WikiLeaks releases thousands of private emails from inside the political campaign of candidate Hillary Clinton.source
  • 2016Moroccan general election, 2016source
  • 2021October 6–October 10 – The 2021 UEFA Nations League Finals is held in Italy, and is won by France. They were originally scheduled for 2–6 June 2021, but were moved following the rescheduling of UEFA Euro 2020 to June and July 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.source
  • 2023Gaza war: Hamas launches an incursion into southern Israel from the Gaza Strip, killing more than 1,100 Israelis and taking about 240 hostages, prompting a military response from the Israel Defense Forces. Israel launches numerous air strikes on Lebanon after rockets are fired by Hezbollah and further attempts are made to penetrate Israel.source
  • 2023A series of earthquakes occur in Herat Province in Afghanistan, killing over 1,000 people and injuring nearly 2,000, with tremors felt in Iran and Turkmenistan. The earthquakes are the deadliest in the country since 1998.source
  • 2024The government announces the resumption of imports at border crossings with Serbia after they had been halted in June 2023 due to security issues.source
  • 2024Hurricane Milton becomes the fourth most intense hurricane in the Atlantic Basin, and the most intense storm in the Gulf of Mexico tying with Hurricane Rita in 2005. Milton is also the first hurricane to reach a pressure below 900 millibars in nearly 20 years.source
  • 2025A magnitude 6.6 earthquake hits Morobe Province, destroying several homes in Lae.source

Births

  • 1301Aleksandr Mikhailovich, Russian Grand Prince (died 1339)source
  • 1409Elizabeth of Luxembourg (died 1442)source
  • 1471King Frederick I of Denmark and Norway (died 1533)source
  • 1474Bernhard III, Margrave of Baden-Baden (died 1536)source
  • 1482Ernest, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (died 1553)source
  • 1515Edward of Portugal, 4th Duke of Guimarães, infante (died 1540)source
  • 1520Alessandro Farnese, Italian cardinal (died 1589)source
  • 1531Scipione Ammirato, Italian historian (died 1601)source
  • 1570Volkert Overlander, Dutch mayor (died 1630)source
  • 1573William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury (died 1645)source
  • 1576John Marston, English writer (died 1634)source
  • 1586Isaac Massa, Dutch diplomat (died 1643)source
  • 1589Maria Magdalena of Austria (died 1631)source
  • 1597Captain John Underhill, English settler and soldier (died 1672)source
  • 1635Roger de Piles, French painter (died 1709)source
  • 1639Johann Gottfried Becker, pharmacist (died 1711)source
  • 1646Charles Honoré d'Albert, duc de Luynes, French noble (died 1712)source
  • 1728Caesar Rodney, American lawyer and signer of the Declaration of Independence (died 1784)source
  • 1734Sir Ralph Abercromby, British general (died 1801)source
  • 1748King Charles XIII of Sweden (Charles II of Norway) (died 1818)source
  • 1750Abraham Woodhull, Patriot spy during the American Revolutionary War (died 1826)source
  • 1760October 7 (bapt.) – Fredrica Löf, Swedish actress (died 1813)source
  • 1798Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume, French luthier (died 1875)source
  • 1841King Nicholas I of Montenegro (died 1921)source
  • 1849James Whitcomb Riley, American poet and author (died 1916)source
  • 1885Niels Bohr, Danish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1962)source
  • 1888Henry A. Wallace, 33rd Vice President of the United States (died 1965)source
  • 1896Paulino Alcántara, international footballer (died 1964)source
  • 1900Heinrich Himmler, German Nazi official, SS head (died 1945)source
  • 1931Desmond Tutu, South African Anglican archbishop, activist and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (died 2021)source
  • 1952Vladimir Putin, President of Russiasource
  • 1968Thom Yorke, British singer-songwritersource
  • 1973Dida, Brazilian footballersource
  • 1998Trent Alexander-Arnold, English footballersource

Deaths

  • 311Gou Xi (or Daojiang), Chinese inspector and generalsource
  • 336Mark, pope of the Catholic Churchsource
  • 858Emperor Montoku dies after an 8-year reign. He is succeeded by his 8-year-old son Seiwa as the 56th emperor of Japan, with Fujiwara no Yoshifusa (Seiwa's grandfather) governing as regent and great minister of the Council of State.source
  • 929Charles the Simple, former king of West Francia, dies in prison at Péronne, leaving Rudolph with no opposition except that of Count Herbert II of Vermandois.source
  • 929Charles the Simple, Frankish king (born 879)source
  • 950Li, Chinese empress consortsource
  • 951Zhen, Chinese Khitan empress consortsource
  • 951Shi Zong, emperor of the Liao dynasty (born 919)source
  • 951Xiao, Chinese Khitan empress dowagersource
  • 988Qian Chu, king of Wuyue (died 929)source
  • 1001Æthelstan, bishop of Elmhamsource
  • 1072Sancho II, king of Castile and Leónsource
  • 1106Hugh of Die, French bishop (born 1040)source
  • 1111Anna Polovetskaya, Kievan princesssource
  • 1242Juntoku, emperor of Japan (born 1197)source
  • 1259Ezzelino III da Romano, Italian rulersource
  • 1363Eleanor de Bohun, Countess of Ormonde (born 1304)source
  • 1368Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence, son of Edward III of England (born 1338)source
  • 1461Jean Poton de Xaintrailles, follower of Joan of Arc (born c. 1390)source
  • 1468Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, lord of Rimini (born 1417)source
  • 1553Cristóbal de Morales, Spanish composer (born 1500)source
  • 1571Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg, Danish queen, consort of Christian III of Denmark (born 1511)source
  • 1612Giovanni Battista Guarini, Italian poet (born 1538)source
  • 1620Stanisław Żółkiewski, Polish nobleman of the Lubicz coat of arms (born 1547)source
  • 1640Lord William Howard, English nobleman (born 1563)source
  • 1684Japanese Chief Minister Hotta Masatoshi is assassinated, leaving Shōgun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi without any adequate advisors, leading him to issue impractical edicts and create hardships for the Japanese people.source
  • 1708Guru Gobind Singh, 10th Guru Sahib of Sikhism, social reformist, poet and revolutionary (born 1666)source
  • 1737At least 300,000 people are killed when a tropical cyclone strikes the Bay of Bengal in India and modern-day Bangladesh. The storm sends 12 m high waves over the Sundarbans delta, and overflows the Hooghly River.source
  • 1747Giulia Lama, Italian painter (born 1681)source
  • 1767Frederick North, Lord North becomes the new British Chancellor of the Exchequer after the sudden death of Charles Townshend.source
  • 1767Frederick North, Lord North, becomes Chancellor of the Exchequer after the sudden death of Charles Townshend.source
  • 1772John Woolman, American Quaker preacher, abolitionist (born 1720)source
  • 1787Henry Muhlenberg, German-born founder of the U.S. Lutheran Church (born 1711)source
  • 1792George Mason, American patriot (born 1725)source
  • 1792George Mason, patriot, statesman and delegate (born 1725)source
  • 1796Thomas Reid, religiously trained Scottish philosopher (born 1710)source
  • 1849Edgar Allan Poe, American writer (born 1809)source
  • 1894Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., American author (born 1809)source
  • 1906Domingos Olímpio, novelist (born 1851)source
  • 1919Alfred Deakin, 2nd Prime Minister of Australia (born 1856)source
  • 20232023 Herat earthquakes: At least 2,445 people are killed and 9,240 others are injured when two magnitude 6.3 earthquakes strike Herat Province.source