1627 CE

Turkish Abductions: Barbary corsairs from Salé raid the fishing village of Grindavík in Iceland and take captives into slavery, the first of several raids. An earthquake destroys the cities of San Severo and Torremaggiore in southern Italy. Polish-Swedish War: Battle of Oliwa – A Polish-Lithuanian fleet defeats a Swedish fleet.

In the 1620s, the 17th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • March 17 – Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, is forced to abdicate after his spending brings Hesse-Kassel to bankruptcy. His son takes over as William V and cedes much of the landgravate in September to bring peace in its war against Hesse-Darmstadt.source
  • May 10 – The Kingdom of England reaches an agreement with Sidi Al-Ayyashi, a Moroccan Mujahidin leader to obtain his help in releasing English captives seized by Barbary corsairs.source
  • May 13 – France and England sign an agreement on dividing the island of Saint Kitts.source
  • May 23 – Ngarolamo becomes the new Sultan of Tidore in the Maluku Islands in modern-day Indonesia.source
  • June 15 – The States of Friesland promulgate the Resolution on the April 17 appeal about abuses.source
  • September 24 – William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, landgrave of the German state Hesse-Kassel, signs the Hauptakkord with George II of Hesse-Darmstadt, ceding much of its territory.source
  • September 30 – The reign of China's 21-year old ruler, the Ming dynasty Tianqi Emperor, Zhu Youjiao, ends after seven years.source
  • December 27 – In Madrid, ministers of King Philip IV of Spain, draw up proposals for a "Kingdom and Republic of Ireland" that would break with England, to have two Captains General to be executives of the Republic.source

Conflict & Security

  • March 3 – After the First Manchu invasion of Korea, the Joseon dynasty of Korea becomes a tributary state of the Manchus, but still pays respects to the Ming dynasty of China. After rejecting a Manchu alteration to the original diplomatic terms in 1636, the Manchus invade again in 1637.source
  • March – Start of the Trịnh–Nguyễn War in modern-day Vietnam: Trịnh Tráng leads an army of 200,000 troops southward to attack the Đàng Trong governed by Lord Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên.source
  • July 20 – Eighty Years' War: Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, begins the Siege of Grol, the last Spanish stronghold in the eastern Netherlands, and captures it after 30 days.source
  • July 22 – The English, under the Duke of Buckingham, invade the Île de Ré off the coast of France in support of the Huguenots in La Rochelle; the invasion fails.source
  • August 19 – Eighty Years' War: Grol, in the Spanish Netherlands, is captured after the siege started on July 20 by Prince Frederick Henry.source
  • September 10 – The Siege of La Rochelle begins as the Roman Catholic nations of France and Spain move to suppress the revolt of Protestant Huguenots in the western French city.source
  • November 20 – Thirty Years' War: Bogislaw XIV, Duke of Pomerania, signs the Capitulation of Franzburg, in which Pomerania is forced to pay for the Imperial army that Wallenstein sent to occupy it. Nonetheless, despite the treaty, Pomerania is devastated by the Imperial troops.source
  • November 28 – Polish-Swedish War: Battle of Oliwa – A Polish-Lithuanian fleet defeats a Swedish fleet.source
  • December 30 (Jumada-l awwal 2, 1037 AH) – Shihab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram, son of the later Emperor Jahangir, enters Lahore after defeating his brother Shahryar Mirza. He is proclaimed as Shah Jahan.source
  • Mohammed Adil Shah becomes Ruler of Bijapur, Karnataka following the death of Ibrahim Adil Shah II.Indiasource
  • 12–17 April – Battle of CzarneSwedensource

Exploration & Expansion

  • January 26 – The Dutch ship t Gulden Zeepaert, skippered by François Thijssen, makes the first recorded European sighting of the coast of South Australia.source
  • February 15 – The administrative rural parish of Iisalmi (Idensalmi) is established in Savonia, by order of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden.source
  • February 17 – England lands the first European settlers on Barbados.source
  • April 10 – The t Gulden Zeepaert reaches Batavia in the Dutch East Indies.source
  • June 20 – Turkish Abductions: Barbary corsairs from Salé raid the fishing village of Grindavík in Iceland and take captives into slavery, the first of several raids.source
  • July 5–13 – Turkish Abductions: Barbary corsairs from Algiers raid the East Fjords of Iceland and take captives into slavery.source

Religion & Belief

  • November 7 – Shahryar Mirza, the 22-year-old son of Jahangir and son-in-law of Jahangir's widow Nur Jahan, is installed as the new Mughal Emperor at Lahore.source
  • Muircheartach Óg Ó Cíonga is employed by William Bedell, Provost of Trinity College Dublin, to teach Irish to the Protestants studying there.Irelandsource
  • The parish of Iisalmi is formed around Gustav Adolf Church.Swedensource
  • Katedralskolan ( 'The Cathedral School) is founded in Linköping.Swedensource

Economy & Finance

  • Habsburg Spain suffers an economic collapse.source

Technology & Infrastructure

  • Rock blasting is invented: Black gunpowder is first used in mining, in a mineshaft under Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia.source
  • The Bollhuset ( 'The Big Ball House) is constructed in the capital of Stockholm for the royal court.Swedensource

Science & Discovery

  • Ole Worm succeeds Hans Poulsen Resen as rector of the University of Copenhagen.Denmarksource

Health & Medicine

  • April 17 – The States of Friesland agree on the 28-point Appeal about Abuses after allowing the citizens to voice their complaints.source

Crime & Justice

  • June 20 – Hinchingbrooke House in the east of England is sold by Sir Oliver Cromwell, to Sidney Montagu.source
  • July 16 – Turkish Abductions: the Barbary corsairs from Algiers raid the island of Heimaey off Iceland, take captives into slavery and kill others.source

Climate & Environment

  • July 27 – An earthquake destroys the cities of San Severo and Torremaggiore in southern Italy.source
  • The last recorded aurochs die in the Jaktorów Forest of Poland.source

Culture & Society

  • 23 May – the office of Second Serjeant-at-law at the Irish Bar is created, the first holder being Nathaniel Catelyn.Irelandsource
  • September 12 – Mohammed Adil Shah begins his reign as the new Sultan of Bijapur in south India, after the death of his father, Ibrahim Adil Shah II.source
  • October 2 – The Tianqi Emperor's 16-year-old brother, Zhu Youjian, is enthroned as the Chongzhen Emperor.source
  • December 18 – La selva sin amor (The Forest without Love), written by Lope de Vega and with music by Alessandro Piccinini, premieres as the first Spanish opera.source
  • The title Earl of Meath is created in the Peerage of Ireland. Since its creation the title has remained in the Brabazon family.Irelandsource

Births

  • January 25 – Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish scientist (died 1691)source
  • 25 January – Robert Boyle, chemist and physicist (died 1691)Irelandsource
  • February 10 – Cornelis de Bie, Flemish poet, jurist (died 1715)source
  • February 28 – Aubrey de Vere, 20th Earl of Oxford (died 1703)source
  • March 9 – Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk, English noble (died 1677)source
  • 10 March – Catharina Wallenstedt, letter writer (died 1719)Swedensource
  • March 27 – Sir Stephen Fox, English politician (died 1716)source
  • April 9 – Johann Caspar Kerll, German baroque composer and organist (died 1693)source
  • May 4 – Giuseppe Francesco Borri, Italian alchemist (died 1695)source
  • May 29 – Anne, Duchess of Montpensier, French princess and duchess (died 1693)source
  • 29 May – Nikolaj Nissen, judge and landowner (died 1684)Denmarksource
  • August 30 – Itō Jinsai, Japanese philosopher (died 1705)source
  • September 27 – Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, French bishop and theologian (died 1704)source
  • 27 September – Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, bishop (died 1704)Francesource
  • October 4 – Sir John Fagg, 1st Baronet, English politician (died 1701)source
  • November 12 – Diego Luis de San Vitores, Spanish Jesuit missionary to Guam (died 1672)source
  • November 20 – Charlotte, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel, German noble (died 1686)source
  • November 29 – John Ray, English biologist (died 1705)source

Deaths

  • January 27 – Princess Cecilia of Sweden (born 1540)source
  • February 12 – Karl I, Prince of Liechtenstein (born 1569)source
  • March 10 – Elizabeth de Vere, Countess of Derby, British businessman (born 1575)source
  • April 22 – Ahmad Baba al Massufi, Malian academic (born 1556)source
  • 13 May – Alexander, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, nobleman (born 1573)Denmarksource
  • May 19 – Katharina Henot, German General Postmaster, alleged witch (born 1570)source
  • May 24 – Luis de Góngora, Spanish poet (born 1561)source
  • June 4 – Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier, French princess (born 1605)source
  • July 4 (bur.) – Thomas Middleton, English playwright (born 1580)source
  • August 16 – In a persecution of Christians in Japan, 14 Franciscan missionaries and converts are killed.source
  • August 27 – Francesco Maria del Monte, Italian Catholic cardinal (born 1549)source
  • October 28 – The Mughal Emperor Jahangir dies of a respiratory illness near Bhimber while attempting to return to his palace at Lahore.source
  • October 28 – Jahangir, Mughal Emperor of India (born 1569)source
  • December 25 – Vincenzo II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, dies of poor health at the age of 33. Charles I Gonzaga becomes the Duke over the objections of Charles Emmanuel I of Savoy, leading to the War of the Mantuan Succession.source
  • December – Madame Ke, influential nanny of the Tianqi Emperor of China (born c. 1588)source
  • Marie de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier, noblewoman (born 1605)Francesource
  • Ibrahim Adil Shah II, later king of Bijapur Sultanate (born 1556)Indiasource
  • Henrik Hybertsson, shipbuilderSwedensource