/year

October 12 in history

258 sourced entries recorded on October 12, from 322 BCE to 2024 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 633Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by Penda of Mercia and Cadwallon of Gwynedd, at Hatfield Chase (South Yorkshire).source
  • 803The Synod of Clofesho (possibly Brixworth) is held, at which the Archbishopric of Lichfield is demoted to an ordinary bishopric, with papal permission obtained by King Coenwulf of Mercia.source
  • 900Following Magyars raids in Lombardy, king Louis III ("the Blind") is called to Italy by the grandees. He takes Pavia, forcing king Berengar I to flee, and replaces him as King of Italy.source
  • 1111October 5 – 18-year-old Baldwin VII succeeds his father, Robert II, as Count of Flanders until 1119.source
  • 1250A great storm shifts the mouth of the River Rother in England 12 miles (20 km) to the west; a battering series of strong storms significantly alters other coastal geography around Romney Marsh.source
  • 1279The Dai-Gohonzon, supreme object of veneration of Nichiren Shōshū Buddhism, is said to be inscribed by Nichiren Daishonin.source
  • 1320Andronikos II Palaiologos, who was co-ruler of Byzantium, becomes the sole ruler upon the death of his son Michael IX Palaiologos. Michael's son Andronikos begins a rebellion against his grandfather emperor six months later.source
  • 1366Frederick III of Sicily forbids decorations on synagogues.source
  • 1376Pope Gregory XI and several cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church depart on a ship from the port of Marseille in France, and encounter severe storms before arriving in Genoa. He will finally arrive in Rome on January 17, 1377.source
  • 1398The Treaty of Salynas is signed by Vytautas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and Konrad von Jungingen, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, in an attempt to cede Samogitia to the Knights.source
  • 1406Chen Yanxiang and his surviving crew are hosted by King Taejong of Korea at Seoul. The State Council (Uijongbu) verifies in a letter to the rulers of Java confirming that the Korean ship had been attacked.source
  • 1413Tewodros I ascends the throne as Emperor of Ethiopia following the death of his father Dawit Isource
  • 1426Uckermark War (1425–1427): Representing Brandenburg, the Elector Friedrich and his son Johann "the alchemist" sign a treaty with William of Werle, ruler of one of the opposing states of Mecklenburg. Friedrich and Johann had recaptured the town of Prenzlau on August 23.source
  • 1428English forces under Thomas Montacute, 4th Earl of Salisbury, besiege Orléans. Jean de Dunois, the Bastard of Orléans, commands the defenders. Bombardment starts on October 17 and troops attempt an assault onsource
  • 1428English forces begin the siege of Orléans during the Hundred Years War.source
  • 1429The Kamenz massacre of 1,200 Catholics by the Protestant Hussites takes place in the village of Kamenz in the Electorate of Saxony.source
  • 1449Prince Alexăndrel is replaced as Prince of Moldavia by Bogdan II.source
  • 1459Wars of the Roses: With a royal force advancing on his fortress at Ludlow, Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York, flees to Ireland, while his ally Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (Warwick the Kingmaker, eldest son of the Earl of Salisbury) goes to Calais.source
  • 1459Wars of the Roses: Lancastrian victory at the Battle of Ludford Bridge. Following the battle, the Duke of York flees to Ireland.source
  • 1485Thomas Lovell is appointed for life as England's Chancellor of the Exchequer by King Henry. He will serve for 39 years before his death in 1524.source
  • 1492Believing he has reached the East Indies, Christopher Columbus and his expedition of three ships make landfall in the Caribbean and land on the island of Guanahani, now part of the Bahamas. He names the island "San Salvador". Earlier in the day, sailor Rodrigo de Triana on the Pinta had become the first person to spot land. Because of his belief that he is in the East Indies, Columbus refers to the natives as "indios".source
  • 1504Isabella I of Castile signs her will and testament.source
  • 1511James IV of Scotland's great ship, the Michael, is launched at Newhaven, Edinburgh; she is the largest ship afloat at this date.source
  • 1519Hernán Cortés and his men, accompanied by 3,000 Tlaxcalans, enter Cholula.source
  • 1609A version of the rhyme Three Blind Mice is published in London. The editor, and possible author of the verse, is the teenage Thomas Ravenscroft.source
  • 1617The Witchcraft Act of 1617 (Danish: Trolddomsforordningen af 1617) is signed into law by Christian IV, leading to a surge in witch trials in Denmark from 1617 to 1625 referred to as The Great Witch Hunt.source
  • 1617The coronation ceremony of King Gustav Adolf of Sweden takes place in Stockholm, almost six years after he succeeded to the throne.source
  • 1621battle of starlings: two flocks of the birds gathered over the city of Cork and prepared for war like two trained armies before violently clashing. The attacks continued all day before a two-day recess until the fighting resumed. The fierce battle left the city deluged by broken wings and dead birds.source
  • 1645October 8–14 – English Civil War: The Third siege of Basing House by Oliver Cromwell results in its destruction.source
  • 1651Maximilian Henry of Bavaria installed as Prince-Bishop of Liègesource
  • 1654The Delft Explosion, in the arsenal, devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100, among whom is Carel Fabritius (32), the most promising student of Rembrandt.source
  • 1659The English Rump Parliament dismisses John Lambert, and other generals.source
  • 1663The Farnley Wood Plot, a conspiracy in the English county of West Yorkshire to overthrow the recently-restored monarchy and to return to the military rule that had been established by the late Oliver Cromwell, fails when only 26 men gather at Farnley. The group is arrested and 21 of the rebels are later executed for treason.source
  • 1679Representatives of the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of Sweden sign the last of the nine Treaties of Nijmegen, ending the last of the conflicts that began during the Franco-Dutch War.source
  • 1682Sultan Mehmed IV departs Istanbul for Adrianople.source
  • 1708War of the Spanish Succession: Dutch, British and Austrian forces capture Lille after a two-month siege, although the citadel continues to hold out for another six weeks.source
  • 1709Chihuahua City in Mexico is founded.source
  • 1710October 5 – October 13 - British forces under Francis Nicholson conduct the successful Siege of Port Royal against a French Acadian garrison and the Wabanaki Confederacy at the Acadian capital, Port Royal, marking the start of British control of what became Nova Scotia.source
  • 1715Baron Onslow resigns as Great Britain's Chancellor of the Exchequer and is replaced by future Prime Minister Robert Walpole.source
  • 1715William Mackintosh of Borlum, leader of the Jacobite rising against Great Britain, lands with 1,500 men in Scotland after crossing the Firth of Forth from France.source
  • 1716During the war between the Habsburg Empire ruling Austria and the Ottoman Empire ruling Turkey, the six week siege of the fortified city of Temeşvar ends with it being surrendered by the Turks to the Austrians. Under a flag of truce, the Turks are permitted to depart but have to leave behind their artillery as they give up their claim to Hungary. Austro-Hungarian rule lasts until World War One, and in 1919, the city of Timișoara becomes part of the Kingdom of Romania.source
  • 1730Christian VI becomes King of Denmark and Norwaysource
  • 1739The town of Utuado, Puerto Rico was founded by Sebastian de Morfi.source
  • 1740October 9–22 – Batavia Massacre: Troops of the Dutch East India Company massacre at least 10,000 Chinese Indonesians in Batavia.source
  • 1741George II, as Elector of Hanover, signs the Neustadt Protocol with France, but fails to inform his British government until after his return from Germany.source
  • 1741George II, as Elector of Hanover, signs the Neustadt Protocol with France, but fails to inform his British government until after his return from Germany.source
  • 1744The creator of binomial nomenclature for the identification of plant and animal species, Carl Linnaeus, is selected as president of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science, succeeding the late Anders Celsius, who had devised the centigrade measurement of temperature.source
  • 1748War of Jenkins' Ear – Battle of Havana: a British Caribbean squadron engages a Spanish squadron based near Havana.source
  • 1755Having completed the Expulsion of the Acadians from St. John's Island (now Prince Edward Island), the British colonial Governor of Nova Scotia, Charles Lawrence, issues a proclamation that his office will receive proposals from English settlers "for the peopling and cultivating as well of the lands vacated by the French, as every other part of this valuable province."source
  • 1767At the Foundling Hospital in London, Dr. William Watson becomes the first physician to conduct a controlled clinical trial, selecting 32 boys and girls of similar age who have not yet had smallpox. He divides them into three groups in order to test treatments before inoculation for smallpox, with one group receiving a mixture of mercury and jalap, another senna glycoside, and the third getting no pre-treatment at all.source
  • 1767Dr William Watson, at the Foundling Hospital in London, conducts an early planned and controlled clinical trial (on treatments for smallpox).source
  • 1773America's first insane asylum opens for Persons of Insane and Disordered Minds in Williamsburg, Virginia.source
  • 1778The Continental Congress advises the 13 member states to suppress "theatrical entertainments, horse-racing, gaming, and such other diversions as are productive of idleness, dissipation, and general depravity of principles and manners."source
  • 1781The first bagpipes competition is held in the Masonic Arms, Falkirk, Scotland.source
  • 1781first bagpipes competition in the Masonic Arms, Falkirk.source
  • 1786King George III of the United Kingdom appoints Captain Arthur Phillip as the first Governor of New Holland, which comprises the area of modern Australia from the 135th meridian east to the east coast and all adjacent islands in the Pacific Ocean.source
  • 1792The first Columbus Day celebration in the United States is held in New York City, 300 years after his arrival in the New World.source
  • 1793The cornerstone of Old East, the oldest state university building in the United States, is laid in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, on the campus of the University of North Carolina (the 12th of October is subsequently celebrated at the university as University Day).source
  • 1795October 5 – 13 Vendémiaire: Royalist riots in Paris are crushed by troops under Paul Barras and newly-reinstalled artillery officer Napoleon Bonaparte.source
  • 1798beginning of the Peasants' War (Boerenkrijg) in Flanders and Brabant.source
  • 1798Battle of Tory Island: a British Royal Navy squadron under Sir John Borlase Warren prevents French Republican ships landing reinforcements for the United Irishmen on the Donegal coast; Wolfe Tone is captured.source
  • 1798The rebuilt Weimarer Hoftheater are inaugurated with the first performance of the first part of Friedrich Schiller's dramatic trilogy Wallenstein: Das Lager (The Camp), directed by Goethe.source
  • 1799Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse becomes the first woman to jump from a balloon with a parachute, from an altitude of 900 m over France.source
  • 1802Joseph Gardner Swift and Simeon Magruder Levy become the first graduates of the United States Military Academy.source
  • 1808Banco do Brasil, a major financial group in South America, founded in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.source
  • 1810First Oktoberfest: Bavarian royalty invites the citizens of Munich to join the celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria, to Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen.source
  • 1810First Oktoberfest: Bavarian royalty invites the citizens of Munich to join the celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria, to Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen.source
  • 1812The capital of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania is permanently moved from Lancaster to Harrisburg.source
  • 1822Pedro, Crown Prince of Portugal, is declared the constitutional Emperor of Brazil, as Pedro the First.source
  • 1825The Battle of Sarandí between troops of the Banda Oriental and the Empire of Brazil.source
  • 1844The New Zealand Spectator and Cook's Strait Guardian begins publishing in Wellington. It publishes weekly until its demise in 1865.source
  • 1847German inventors and industrialists Werner von Siemens and Johann Georg Halske found Siemens & Halske to develop the electrical telegraph.source
  • 1847German inventors and industrialists Werner von Siemens and Johann Georg Halske found Siemens & Halske to develop the electrical telegraph.source
  • 18561856 Heraklion earthquake: A powerful earthquake rocks the Mediterranean, killing hundreds on the island of Crete and many more in the Middle East.source
  • 1864Uruguayan War: Forces of the Empire of Brazil invade Uruguay, in support of Venancio Flores' Colorado Party.source
  • 1866The Treaty of Vienna ends the war between Austria and Italy; it formalizes the annexation of Venetia by Italy.source
  • 1866The Battle of Omaranui takes place near Napier.source
  • 1866October 7–21 – The Second Plenary Council of American Roman Catholic bishops is held in Baltimore.source
  • 1867End of penal transportation from Britain as the last convict ship, the Hougoumont, departs from Portsmouth on an 89-day passage to Western Australia. 62 Fenians are among the transportees.source
  • 1867The transportation of convicts to Western Australia ceases when the last convict ship to Western Australia, the Hougoumont, left Britain.source
  • 1868The final stretch of the railway line Randsfjordbanen between Drammen and Hønefoss makes Norway's fifth railway complete.source
  • 1871The Criminal Tribes Act is enacted by the British Raj in India, naming over 160 communities as "Denotified Tribes", allegedly habitually criminal (it will be repealed in 1949, after Indian independence).source
  • 1871Criminal Tribes Act enacted by British rule in India, which named over 160 communities "Criminal Tribes", i.e. hereditary criminals. It was repealed in 1949.source
  • 1885The city of Fresno, California, is incorporated.source
  • 1887Yamaha Corporation, the global musical instrument and audiovisual brand, is founded as Yamaha Organ Manufacturing in Hamamatsu, Japan.source
  • 1889Gustaf Åkerhielm, previously Swedish Foreign Minister, replaces Gillis Bildt as Prime Minister of Sweden.source
  • 1890The Uddevalla Suffrage Association is founded in Sweden, with a formal founding event on November 2 a month later.source
  • 1892To mark the 400th anniversary Columbus Day holiday, the "Pledge of Allegiance" is first recited in unison by students in U.S. public schools.source
  • 1897The city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil is created. The construction of the second Brazilian planned city is completed successfully; an immigration of 1,000,000 people is estimated.source
  • 1897The Korean Empire is proclaimed, marking the end of the Joseon dynasty after just over 500 years.source
  • 1897The city of Belo Horizonte is created and its construction is completely successfully.source
  • 1897USS Baltimore (Cruiser # 3, later CM-1) is recommissioned, since 1890, for several months of duty in the Hawaiian Islands.source
  • 1898The "Battle of Virden" takes place in the coal mining town of Virden, Illinois, when strikebreakers of the Thiel Detective Service Company exchange gunfire with armed members of the United Mine Workers of America. Thirteen people are killed and 35 wounded in the fight. In all, eight UMWA miners and five strikebreakers die from their injuries. The train, attempting to bring about 100 African-American coal miners to Virden, departs without disembarking its passengers.source
  • 1898The Michigan–Michigan State football rivalry begins in U.S. college football as Michigan University defeats Michigan Agricultural College, 39 to 0.source
  • 1902Jacob Andreas Michelsen, businessperson and politician (born 1821)source
  • 1903October 1–13 – First modern World Series: The Boston Americans defeat the Pittsburgh Pirates in eight games.source
  • 1905First stone of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Brussels laid.source
  • 1909The association football team Coritiba is founded in Curitiba, Brazil.source
  • 1912Taisho Pharmaceutical was founded by Kinujirō Ishii.source
  • 1912Three kākāpō are released on Kapiti Island.source
  • 1916Hipólito Yrigoyen is elected President of Argentina.source
  • 1918Troop ship RMS Niagara returns, carrying a number of people ill with influenza. It is not quarantined. William Massey and Joseph Ward are aboard. Although later cited as the cause of the Spanish flu epidemic, 6 persons had already died in the 3 days preceding its arrival.source
  • 1918Cloquet Fire: The city of Cloquet, Minnesota, and nearby areas are destroyed in a fire, killing 453.source
  • 1919Olympus was founded.source
  • 1924October 12–15 – Zeppelin LZ-126 makes a transatlantic delivery flight from Friedrichshafen, Germany, to Lakehurst, New Jersey.source
  • 1925October 5–16 – The Locarno Treaties are negotiated.source
  • 1926British miners agree to end their strike.source
  • 1926November 2 – The Central American and Caribbean Games take place in Mexico City.source
  • 1928An iron lung respirator is used for the first time at Children's Hospital, Boston.source
  • 19291929 Australian federal election: The Labor Party, led by James Scullin, defeats the Nationalist/Country Coalition Government, led by Prime Minister Stanley Bruce. Scullin will be sworn in on October 22. Notably, this is the first occasion in Australian political history where a sitting prime minister loses his own seat (the second being John Howard in 2007).source
  • 1931The statue of Christ the Redeemer, overlooking Rio de Janeiro, is consecrated.source
  • 1933The United States Army Disciplinary Barracks on Alcatraz is acquired by the United States Department of Justice, which plans to incorporate the island into its Federal Bureau of Prisons as a penitentiary.source
  • 1941October 11–12 – Fire destroys a Firestone Tire and Rubber Company plant in Fall River, Massachusetts, consuming 15,850 tons of rubber, and causing a setback to the United States military effort.source
  • 1944Canadian Arctic explorer Henry Larsen returns to Vancouver, becoming the first person successfully to navigate the Northwest Passage in both directions, in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police schooner St. Roch ship. His westbound voyage is the first completed in a single season, and the first passage through the Prince of Wales Strait.source
  • 1944First V-1 flying bomb attack on Belgium.source
  • 1945Peip'ing C-46 crash near Beiping.source
  • 1948Eli Danker, Israeli actor.source
  • 1953The play The Caine Mutiny Court-Martial opens at the Plymouth Theatre, New York.source
  • 1957Foreign Minister Lester B. Pearson wins the Nobel Peace Prize for his work on the Suez Crisissource
  • 1959At the national Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana Congress in Peru, a group of leftist radicals is expelled from the party; they later form APRA Rebelde.source
  • 1960Cold War: Shoe-banging incident – Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev pounds his shoe on a desk at a meeting of the United Nations General Assembly, his way of protesting the discussion of the Soviet Union's policies toward Eastern Europe.source
  • 1961The death penalty is abolished in New Zealand.source
  • 1962Jazz bassist/composer Charles Mingus presents a disastrous concert at Town Hall in New York City. It will gain a reputation as the worst moment of his career.source
  • 1964The Soviet Union launches Voskhod 1 into Earth orbit as the first spacecraft with a multi-person crew and the first flight without space suits. The flight is cut short and lands again on October 13 after 16 orbits.source
  • 1964Voskhod 1 is the first space flight to carry more than one crewmen into orbit, and the first space flight without the use of spacesuits.source
  • 1964October 10–24 – The 1964 Summer Olympics are held in Tokyo, Japan, the first in an Asian country.source
  • 1968Equatorial Guinea receives its independence from Spain.source
  • 1968October 12–27 – The Philippines participates in the 1968 Summer Olympics with 49 competitors in ten sports.source
  • 1969October 9–12 – Days of Rage: In Chicago, the Illinois National Guard is called in to control demonstrations involving the radical Weathermen, in connection with the "Chicago Eight" Trial.source
  • 1969October 11–16 – The New York Mets upset the Baltimore Orioles four games to one in the World Series.source
  • 1971U.S. vice president Spiro Agnew visits Ankara.source
  • 1976The People's Republic of China announces that Hua Guofeng is the successor to Mao Zedong as Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party following the latter's death on September 9 from a heart attack.source
  • 1978The Spyros disaster occurred at Jurong Shipyard, resulting in 76 fatalities.source
  • 1979Thorbjörn Fälldin returns as Prime Minister of Sweden, replacing Ola Ullsten who is named Foreign Minister of Sweden.source
  • 1979Near Guam, Typhoon Tip reaches a record intensity of 870 millibars, the lowest pressure recorded at sea level. This makes Tip the most powerful tropical cyclone in known world history.source
  • 1979The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, the first novel by Douglas Adams, is published in the United Kingdomsource
  • 1982The Saudi Arabian cargo ship Elhawi Star, transporting 3,631 tonnes of ceramic tiles and 781 tonnes of lumber to Chioggia, sank while being towed away from the Port of Rijeka by the tugboats Beli Kamik and Aries because of the unevenly distributed cargo.source
  • 1983Japan's former Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka is found guilty of taking a $2 million bribe from Lockheed, and sentenced to 4 years in jail.source
  • 1984The Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) attempts to assassinate Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and the British Cabinet in the Brighton hotel bombing with an explosive device planted nearly a month earlier in their conference hotel. The terror attack kills five people and injures 31.source
  • 1984Brighton hotel bombing – The Irish Republican Army killed five people in a bomb attack at the Grand Hotel in Brighton, England during the British Tory Party annual conference, narrowly missing Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher.source
  • 1985Canon Arthur Malcolm becomes the first Aboriginal Bishop in Australia.source
  • 1986October 11–12 – Cold War: Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet in Reykjavík, Iceland, to continue discussions about scaling back their intermediate missile arsenals in Europe, which end in failure.source
  • 1987Susumu Tonegawa wins the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.source
  • 1988The Birchandra Manu massacre occurs in Tripura, India.source
  • 1988As Pope John Paul II addresses the European Parliament, Ian Paisley heckles and denounces him as the Antichrist.source
  • 1988Walsh Street police shootings: Two Victoria Police officers are gunned down, execution style, in Australia.source
  • 1989October 1–13 – Typhoons Angela (Rubing), Dan (Saling), and Elsie (Tasing) impact the country in two weeks.source
  • 1990A leader of the right-wing Pamyat organization is arrested in the Soviet Union for spreading antisemitic hatred.source
  • 1990German interior minister Wolfgang Schäuble is shot at during an election campaign event. He survives but will require a wheelchair for the rest of his life.source
  • 1992In the Dominican Republic, Pope John Paul II celebrates the 500th anniversary of the meeting of two cultures.source
  • 1992The 5.8 Mb Cairo earthquake affects the city with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), leaving 545 dead and 6,512 injured.source
  • 1992The Seville Expo '92 closes after receiving more than 41 million visitors.source
  • 1993Virgil Măgureanu is named head of the Romanian Intelligence Service.source
  • 1994October 2 – 16 – The Philippines participates in the 1994 Asian Games held in Hiroshima, Japan from October 2 to 16, 1994. It Ranks 14th with three gold medals, two silver medals and eight bronze medals with a total of 13 over-all medals.source
  • 1995The bishop of the Universal Church, Sérgio von Helder, kicks a statue of Our Lady of Aparecida, the country's patron saint; during two programs on Rede Record.source
  • 1999Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif attempts to dismiss Army Chief General Pervez Musharraf, who is out of the country. The generals lead a coup d'état, ousting Sharif's administration, and Musharraf takes control of the government.source
  • 1999Murder of Björn Söderberg in Stockholm, Sweden by neo-fascists.source
  • 2000In Aden, Yemen, USS Cole is badly damaged by two Al-Qaeda suicide bombers, who place a small boat laden with explosives alongside the United States Navy destroyer, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39.source
  • 2002Jemaah Islamiyah militants detonate multiple bombs in two nightclubs in Kuta, Bali, killing 202 people and injuring over 300 people, making it the worst terrorist act in Indonesia's history.source
  • 2002Heshu Yones, murder victim. (b.1986)source
  • 2003Started Albanian Wikipedia.source
  • 2004Germany's defense minister, Peter Struck, indicated that Germany might deploy troops in Iraq if conditions there change. This gesture appears to provide backing for John Kerry, the US Democratic presidential challenger.source
  • 2005Jean-Claude Juncker delivers a declaration on the political state of the country in place of his eleventh State of the Nation address, on account of Luxembourg's presidency of the Council of the European Union earlier in the year.source
  • 2005The second crewed Chinese spacecraft, Shenzhou 6, is launched.source
  • 2006October 11–13 – St Andrews Agreement is held in Scotland between the British and Irish governments on devolution in Northern Ireland.source
  • 2007United States evangelical missionary Steve Goldbold is kidnapped by MDJT rebels in the Tibesti region. The MDJT leader Aboubakar Choua Dazi accuses Goldbold to be "in the service of the regime in N'Djamena to create division in the center of the movement".source
  • 2010The Finnish Yle TV2 channel's Ajankohtainen kakkonen current affairs program featured controversial Homoilta episode (literally "gay night"), which led to the resignation of almost 50,000 Finns from the Evangelical Lutheran Church.source
  • 2010Terramin Australia Ltd reported that its Algerian zinc mine will be among the six largest zinc mines in the world. The cost to construct it will be $589 million. The firm is based in Adelaide, South Australia and will take 57 months to complete its venture.source
  • 2010A train collides with a passenger bus on a railroad level crossing at Marhanets, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, killing 43 people, making collision was the worst single road accident in the country's history by number of victims.source
  • 2010October 3–14 – 2010 Commonwealth Games takes place in Delhi, India.source
  • 20102010 Bosnian general election took place.source
  • 2012The United Nations Human Rights Council begins to move refugees from the Central African Republic from Chad to new sites after floods.source
  • 2017The United States announces its decision to withdraw from UNESCO, and is immediately followed by Israel.source
  • 2019Typhoon Hagibis makes landfall in Japan, the biggest storm to hit the region in decades, with over seven million people urged to evacuate.source
  • 2022October 12–October 13 – 2022 Bratislava shooting, killing 3 (including the perpetrator) and injuring one. The shooting occurred outside of a gay bar in Bratislava known as Tepláreň. Two people (excluding the perpetrator) died as a result of the shooting. Juraj Vankulič, a non-binary person, and Matúš Horváth, a bisexual man. The perpetrator (Juraj Krajčík) was found dead due to a self-inflicted gunshot the morning after the attack.source
  • 2023Madagascar's constitutional court postpones the upcoming election from 9 November to 16 November 2023, amidst a political crisis involving protests against the Ntsay government following President Andry Rajoelina's resignation.source
  • 2023International Monetary Fund managing director Kristalina Georgieva confirms that Zambia, the first African nation to default following the COVID-19 pandemic, has agreed to a debt agreement with foreign creditors, concerning US$6.3 billion of its debt.source
  • 2024The long-period comet C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS), described as the "comet of the century", makes its closest approach to Earth.source
  • 2024Sat Dashain Festivalsource

Births

  • 540Yōmei, emperor of Japan (died 587)source
  • 1008Atsuhira, future Emperor Go-Ichijō of Japan (died 1036)source
  • 1293Margaret de Clare, English noblewoman (died 1342)source
  • 1350Dmitri Donskoi, Grand Duke of Muscovy and Vladimir (died 1389)source
  • 1490Bernardo Pisano, Italian composer (died 1548)source
  • 1531Jacques de Savoie, 2nd Duc de Nemours (died 1585)source
  • 1531Jacques de Savoie, Duke of Nemours, French Nobleman and military commander (died 1585)source
  • 1533Asakura Yoshikage, Japanese ruler (died 1573)source
  • 1537King Edward VI of England (died 1553)source
  • 1558Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria (died 1618)source
  • 1576Thomas Dudley, Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (died 1653)source
  • 1614Henry More, English philosopher (died 1687)source
  • 1771Count Mikhail Miloradovich, Russian general of Serbian origin, prominent during the Napoleonic Wars. (died 1825)source
  • 1774George J. F. Clarke, prominent citizen of East Florida (died 1836)source
  • 1798Pedro I of Brazil, Emperor of Brazil, and King of Portugal (died 1834)source
  • 1798King Dom Pedro IV, King of Portugal, Emperor of Brazil (died 1834).source
  • 1840Helena Modjeska, Polish stage actress (died 1909)source
  • 1866Ramsay MacDonald, Scottish Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1937)source
  • 1870Mirza Jahangir Khan, Iranian writer.source
  • 1872Ralph Vaughan Williams, English composer (died 1958)source
  • 1875Aleister Crowley, British occultist (died 1947)source
  • 1880Mirza Kuchik Khan, Iranian revolutionary.source
  • 1881Carlos López Buchardo, classical composer (died 1948)source
  • 1889Troy H. Middleton, American general and educator (died 1976)source
  • 1891Fumimaro Konoe, prime minister during World War II (died 1945)source
  • 1943Jeffrey R. MacDonald, American physician and United States Army Officersource
  • 2015Verry Elleegant, Thoroughbred racehorsesource

Deaths

  • 322 BCEDemosthenes, Athenian statesman, recognized as the greatest of ancient Greek orators (born 384 BC)source
  • 545Mobhí Clárainech, Irish abbot and saintsource
  • 632October 12 or 633 – Edwin of Northumbria, king of Deira and Berniciasource
  • 633October 12 or 632 – Edwin, king of Northumbriasource
  • 638Pope Honorius I dies at Rome after a 13-year reign, and is succeeded by Severinus, but the Byzantine emperor Heraclius will delay the new pope's consecration until May 640.source
  • 642Pope John IV dies after a 2-year reign. He is succeeded by a Jerusalem-born cleric of Greek descent, Theodore I, as the 73rd pope of Rome.source
  • 884Tsunesada, Japanese prince (born 825)source
  • 974Al-Muti, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (born 914)source
  • 1095Leopold II, margrave of Austria (born 1050)source
  • 1112Kogh Vasil ("the Robber"), Armenian rulersource
  • 1152Adolf III, count Berg and Hövel (born 1080)source
  • 1161Henry V, duke of Carinthia (House of Sponheim)source
  • 1176William d'Aubigny, English politician (born 1109)source
  • 1260Thorkill, Bishop of Reval.source
  • 1320Michael IX Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (born 1277)source
  • 1328October 12 (or 13) – Clementia of Hungary, Queen consort of France and Navarre (born 1293)source
  • 1440Ginevra d'Este (born 1419)source
  • 1448Zhu Quan, Prince of Ning, Chinese military commander, historian and playwright (born 1378)source
  • 1491Fritz Herlen, German artist (born 1449)source
  • 1492Piero della Francesca, Italian artist (born c. 1412)source
  • 1504John Corvinus, Hungarian noble (born 1473)source
  • 1544Antonio Pucci, Italian Catholic cardinal (born 1485)source
  • 1565Jean Ribault, French explorer and colonizer (born 1520)source
  • 1565Jean Ribault, explorer and colonist (born 1520)source
  • 1576Maximilian II, ruler of the Holy Roman Empire and most of Central Europe since 1564, dies suddenly in Regensburg while preparing for an Imperial invasion of Poland. Maximilian's 24-year-old son Rudolf, King of the Romans as well as the King of Hungary and of Bohemia, proceeds to Vienna to assume the Imperial Throne.source
  • 1576Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (born 1527)source
  • 1601Nicholas Brend, English landowner (born 1560)source
  • 1668Zacharias Wagenaer, secretary, painter, then merchant and administrator (Dutch East-India Company) (born 1614)source
  • 1674Finn-Kirsten was executed by burning at the stake. She was the last person to be executed for witchcraft in Trøndelag.source
  • 1678Edmund Berry Godfrey, English magistrate (born 1621)source
  • 1692Giovanni Battista Vitali, Italian composer (born 1632)source
  • 1730Frederick IV, King of Denmark and Norway (born 1671)source
  • 1732Dionisia de Santa María Mitas Talangpaz, Filipino saint (born 1691)source
  • 1753Sir Danvers Osborn, 3rd Baronet, British politician and governor of the Province of New York (born 1715)source
  • 1780October 10–16 – The Great Hurricane flattens the islands of Barbados, Martinique and Sint Eustatius; 22,000 are killed.source
  • 1781David Powell (Dewi Nantbrân), Franciscan friar and authorsource
  • 1798Battle of Tory Island: A British Royal Navy squadron, under Sir John Borlase Warren, prevents French Republican ships, commanded by Jean-Baptiste-François Bompart, from landing reinforcements for the Society of United Irishmen on the County Donegal coast; Irish leader Wolfe Tone is captured and later dies of his wounds. This ends the Irish Rebellion of 1798.source
  • 1837Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont, French governor-general of French Algeria (killed during the siege of Constantine) (born 1783)source
  • 1845Elizabeth Fry, British humanitarian (born 1780)source
  • 1850Pedro de Sousa Holstein, 1st Duke of Palmela, diplomat and statesman (born 1781)source
  • 1859Robert Stephenson, English civil engineer (born 1803)source
  • 1864Roger Taney, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (born 1777)source
  • 1870Robert E. Lee, Confederate general (born 1807)source
  • 1915Edith Cavell, British nurse, war heroine (shot) (born 1865)source
  • 1915WWI: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad, for helping Allied soldiers escape from Belgium.source
  • 1917WWI: First Battle of Passchendaele: – Allies fail to take a German defensive position, with the biggest loss of life in a single day for New Zealand, over 800 men and 45 officers are killed, roughly 1 in 1,000 of the nation's population at this time.source
  • 1936Shuja ul-Mulk, Indian ruler (born 1881)source
  • 1946Joseph Stilwell, American World War II general (born 1883)source
  • 1960Inejiro Asanuma, Japanese politician (assassinated) (born 1898)source
  • 1985Norman James, 77, English footballer.source
  • 1991Arkady Strugatsky, writer (born 1925)source
  • 1999Wilt Chamberlain, 63, American basketball player (Los Angeles Lakers, Philadelphia 76ers) and actor (Conan the Destroyer), heart failure.source