/year

July 30 in history

196 sourced entries recorded on July 30, from 157 BCE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 101 BCEBattle of Vercellae (Battle of the Raudine Plain or Battle of Campi Raudii): The Roman consuls Gaius Marius and Manius Aquillius defeat the Cimbri.source
  • 49 BCECaesar surrounds Afranius and Petreius's army in Ilerda.source
  • 634Battle of Ajnadayn: Byzantine forces (90,000 men according to Muslim sources) under Theodore are defeated by the Rashidun Caliphate near Beit Shemesh (modern-day Israel). Heraclius, who is in Emesa, flees to Antioch upon hearing news of the battle's outcome.source
  • 762Caliph al-Mansur moves the seat of the Abbasid Caliphate from Kufa to the new capital of Baghdad.source
  • 1256The Venetian Marsilio Zorzi recaptures Curzola in Dalmatia, and re-establishes himself as Count of Curzola and Mèleda.source
  • 1308Chungseon of Goryeo becomes the King of Korea for the second time, after the death of his father, King Chungnyeol of Korea. Chungseon had ruled for a few months in 1298 during the illness of his father.source
  • 1335Battle of Boroughmuir: John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray defeats Guy, Count of Namur in Scotland.source
  • 1335Battle of Boroughmuir, Scots victorysource
  • 1393The return of the Montaldo faction to Genoa forces the Doge, Francesco di Garibaldo, to go into exile to allow the return of Antoniotto Montaldo, who had stepped down as Doge of Genoa 17 days earlier.source
  • 1417King Henry V of England begins and invasion of France, where he wishes to claim the throne, taking with him 42,000 soldiers on a fleet of 1,500 ships.source
  • 1419The first defenestration of Prague occurs in the Kingdom of Bohemia when a mob led by Jan Želivský storms the Town Hall and kills several members of the town council by throwing them out of a window.source
  • 1460King Henry VI summons the English Parliament to assemble at Westminster on October 7.source
  • 1463In India, Muhammad Shah III Lashkari becomes the new ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate upon the death of his older brother, the Sultan Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III at Bidar (now in the state of Karnataka)source
  • 1468Catherine Cornaro is married by proxy to James II of Cyprus, beginning the Venetian conquest of Cyprus.source
  • 1492Alexander Jagiellon is crowned as Grand Duke of Lithuania.source
  • 1502The first encounter between Europeans and the Maya people of Central America takes place when the Columbus brothers anchor at Guanaja, one of the Bay Islands off of the coast of what is now the nation of Honduras. An unfortunate group of Mayan traders happens to arrive at Guanaja at the same time, and its cargo is looted by Bartolomeo Columbus and his crew.source
  • 1503Saint Helena is first definitively sighted, by ships of Portuguese navigator Estêvão da Gama returning from the East.source
  • 1516John V, Count of Nassau-Siegen dies in Siegen, now in Germany, leaving his realm to be divided by his two sons. The transition is smooth because of a 1509 agreement between Henry III of Nassau-Breda and William I of Nassau-Dillenburg. William receives all of John V's possessions in Germany, while Henry inherits those in the Low Countries.source
  • 1529The only continental outbreak of English sweating sickness reaches Lübeck, spreading from there into Schleswig-Holstein in the next few months.source
  • 1530At Neue Augsburg (now Coro in the nation of Venezuela), German explorer Nikolaus Federmann becomes the acting governor of Klein-Venedig ("Little Venice") Germany's short-lived South American colony as Governor Ambrosius Ehinger takes a leave of absence to recover from malaria.source
  • 1540At Smithfield, London, three Lutheran pastors, Robert Barnes, Thomas Gerrard and William Jerome, are burnt at the stake on a charge of heresy and three Roman Catholic priests, Thomas Abel, Richard Fetherstone and Edward Powell, are hanged, drawn and quartered on a charge of high treason.source
  • 1551With the surrender of the island of Gozo, the Ottoman place 6,000 survivors on ships and transporting them to Tarhuna Wa Msalata (in modern-day Libya), where they are sold into slavery. The only natives left on the island are 300 persons who escaped the citadel and 41 elderly residents.source
  • 1570July 30 (28th day of 6th month of Genki 1) – Battle of Anegawa: The allied forces of Oda Nobunaga and Tokugawa Ieyasu defeat the combined forces of the Azai and Asakura clans.source
  • 1572July 29–August 2 – Battle of Molodi: A large Crimean–Ottoman army which invaded Russia is routed.source
  • 1592Alonso de Sotomayor petitions the viceroy of Peru for more troops to help resist attacks by Indians and English pirates.source
  • 1609At modern-day Crown Point, New York, Samuel de Champlain participates in a battle between the Huron and Iroquois, shooting and killing two Iroquois chiefs; this helps set the tone for French–Iroquois relations for the next 100 years.source
  • 1619In Jamestown, Virginia, the first English-speaking representative assembly in the Americas, the Virginia General Assembly (later named House of Burgesses), convenes for the first time.source
  • 1623July 30 (probable date) – The second Thanksgiving is celebrated in Plymouth Colony.source
  • 1624A contingent of 5,000 Chinese troops and 50 warships under the command of Admiral Yu Zigao and General Wang Mengxiong attacks the Dutch fortress at the island of Magong, the largest of the Penghu islands under the command of Martinus Sonck. Outnumbered, the Dutch surrender in five days.source
  • 1630John Winthrop helps in founding a church in Massachusetts, which will later become known as First Church in Boston.source
  • 1632The Infanta summons the Estates General, to meet on 7 September.source
  • 1636In France, Cardinal Richelieu persuades King Louis XIII to issue an ordonnance excusing the French nobility from military service if they pay a tax which allows the hiring of paid cavalry.source
  • 1645English Civil War: Scottish Covenanters under Lord Leven begin the Siege of Hereford, a Royalist stronghold.source
  • 1646Commissioners of the Parliament of England and Scottish Covenanters meeting in Newcastle upon Tyne set out the Heads of Proposals ("Newcastle Propositions") demanding that King Charles I gives up control of the army and place restrictions on Catholics, as the basis for a constitutional settlement.source
  • 1646Commissioners of Parliament and Scottish Covenanters meeting in Newcastle upon Tyne set out the Heads of Proposals ("Newcastle Propositions") demanding that the King gives up control of the army and place restrictions on Catholics, as the basis for a constitutional settlement.source
  • 1655Dutch troops capture Fort Assahudi Seram.source
  • 1656July 28–30 – Battle of Warsaw: Led by King Charles X Gustav of Sweden, the armies of the Swedish Empire and the Margraviate of Brandenburg defeat the forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth near Warsaw.source
  • 1656After a battle of three days, Swedish and Brandenburger troops led by King Charles X Gustav of Sweden, defeat the forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, near Warsaw and recapture the recently liberated capital.source
  • 1661Sedition Act makes it high treason to plot death or injury to, or war against, the king, but requires the evidence of at least two witnesses for a conviction.source
  • 167330 July (9 August New Style) – Third Anglo-Dutch War: a Dutch fleet retakes New York in the American colonies, renaming it New Orange.source
  • 1676Virginia colonist Nathaniel Bacon and his makeshift army issue a Declaration of the People of Virginia, instigating Bacon's Rebellion against the rule of Governor William Berkeley.source
  • 1702July 30 (July 19 O.S.; July 20 Swedish calendar) – Great Northern War: Battle of Hummelshof – Russia defeats Sweden.source
  • 1703July 29–31 – Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory in London, then imprisoned until mid-November for the crime of seditious libel after publishing his satirical political pamphlet The Shortest Way with the Dissenters (1702).source
  • 1709War of the Spanish Succession: Tournai is captured by John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy.source
  • 1729Baltimore, Maryland is founded.source
  • 1733The first Freemasons lodge, the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, opens in what will become the United States of America.source
  • 1749Great Gypsy Round-upsource
  • 1752The first of the Kronstadt canals, conceived by Peter the Great and designed to link two of the harbors of the Russian city, is completed and opened to maritime traffic.source
  • 1752An earthquake occurred in Edirne and affected the region all the way to Bulgaria.source
  • 1756Bartolomeo Rastrelli presents the newly built Catherine Palace at Tsarskoye Selo to Empress Elizabeth of Russia and her court.source
  • 1765At Yale College, eight students attack the residence of Yale's President Thomas Clap because of his promotion of "New Light" Calvinist doctrine; and "with Evil Intent" and "with Strong hand burst and take off the gates of the yard of the mansion house and Carry away and with Screaming and Shouting... throw into said House Numbers of large stones with Cattles Horns into the windows of said House." The students plead guilty and pay nominal fines, and Clap resigns at the end of the 1765–66 school year.source
  • 1766Marquess of Rockingham dismissed as Prime Minister by King George III and is succeeded by William Pitt the Elder.source
  • 1775Second voyage of James Cook: HMS Resolution anchors off the south coast of England, Captain Cook having completed the first eastbound global circumnavigation.source
  • 1775second voyage of James Cook: HMS Resolution anchors at Spithead, Captain Cook having completed the first eastabout global circumnavigation.source
  • 1797Geir Vídalín is consecrated bishop of Skálholt at Hólar by Bishop Sigurður Stefánsson.source
  • 1809Walcheren Campaign: A British invasion army lands on Walcheren.source
  • 1814The Great fire of Tirschenreuth in Bavaria destroys the town and 907 buildings.source
  • 1814The Great fire of Tirschenreuth in Bavaria destroys the town and 907 buildings.source
  • 1825The U.S. Senate ratifies treaties with the Mandan, Belantae, Eloa and Minnetaree tribes.source
  • 1825Malden Island (an uninhabited island in the central Pacific Ocean) is discovered by George Byron, 7th Baron Byron.source
  • 1836The first English-language newspaper is published in Hawaii.source
  • 1838North Peru President Obregoso declares secession of his republic from the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.source
  • 1839Ratification of William Hobson as Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand.source
  • 1850First issue of Hallandsposten.source
  • 1859Grand Combin, one of the highest summits in the Alps, is first ascended.source
  • 1863American Indian Wars: Representatives of the United States and tribal leaders including Chief Pocatello (of the Shoshone) sign the Box Elder Treaty.source
  • 1863Valuev Circular bans the publication of religious, educational and training books in Ukrainian in the Russian Empire.source
  • 1865The steamer Brother Jonathan sinks off the California coast, killing 225 passengers and crew.source
  • 1870The 'Diggers' Republic' is proclaimed at Klipdrift in South Africa by diamond miners, with Stafford Parker as president.source
  • 1870The Klipdrift Republic is proclaimed by a group of diamond miners with Stafford Parker as their president.source
  • 1871An explosion on the Staten Island Ferry kills 72 and injures 135.source
  • 1877Russo-Turkish War: The Turkish army and its allies destroy the Bulgarian city of Stara Zagora and massacre the inhabitants.source
  • 1877Russo-Turkish War: The second battle in the siege of Plevna is fought.source
  • 1878German federal election, 1878source
  • 1891The Springboks rugby union team of South Africa play their first international test match against the Lions team of the British Isles, and lose by 4–0.source
  • 1891The Springbok Rugby team plays its first international test match against the Lions team of the British Isles and win by 4–0.source
  • 1896Atlantic City rail crash: Shortly after 6:30 pm, at a crossing just west of Atlantic City, New Jersey, two trains collide, crushing five loaded passenger coaches, killing 50 and seriously injuring approximately sixty.source
  • 1897July 26–August 2 – Siege of Malakand: British troops are besieged by Pashtun tribesmen in Malakand, on the Northwest frontier of British India (modern-day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan).source
  • 1899The Harriman Alaska Expedition ends.source
  • 1903August 23 (July 17–August 10, O.S.) – The Second Congress of the All-Russian Social Democratic Labour Party is held in exile in Brussels, transferring to London.source
  • 190330 July-6 August – 2nd Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in Brussels.source
  • 1905At Basel in Switzerland, the International Zionist Conference delegates vote to reject the British offer of land in Uganda for a Jewish homeland.source
  • 1907First Philippine Assembly elections were held.source
  • 1909July 25–August 2 – "Tragic Week" (La Semana Trágica/la Setmana Tràgica): The city of Barcelona experiences a workers' uprising.source
  • 1909Société Française de teintures inoffersires, as predecessor of L'Oréal was founded.source
  • 1916German agents cause the Black Tom explosion in Jersey City, New Jersey, an act of sabotage destroying an ammunition depot and killing at least 7 people.source
  • 1917The Parliament of Finland is dissolved by the Russian Provisional Government. New elections are held in the autumn, resulting in a bourgeois majority.source
  • 1920July 30–August 8 – The 1st World Scout Jamboree is held at Olympia, London.source
  • 1930The Order of Aeronautical Virtue is established as a military order.source
  • 1930Uruguay beats Argentina 4–2 to win the first FIFA World Cup final in Association football, at Estadio Centenario in Montevideo.source
  • 1932Walt Disney's Flowers and Trees, the first animated cartoon to be presented in full Technicolor, premieres in Los Angeles. It releases in theaters, along with the film version of Eugene O'Neill's Strange Interlude (starring Norma Shearer and Clark Gable); Flowers and Trees goes on to win the first Academy Award for Best Animated Short.source
  • 1932The 1932 Summer Olympics open in Los Angeles.source
  • 1937July 25–31 – Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Beiping–Tianjin, a series of actions fought around Beiping and Tianjin, result in Japanese victory.source
  • 1941WWII: Glina massacre of July–August 1941 – The Ustaše brutally kill 200 Serbs inside a Serbian Orthodox church in Glina, Croatia, with a total of 700–1,200 being killed in the area of the next few days.source
  • 1945WWII: Heavy cruiser USS Indianapolis is hit and sunk by torpedoes from the Japanese submarine I-58 in the Philippine Sea. Some 900 survivors jump into the sea and are adrift for up to four days. Nearly 600 die before help arrives. Captain Charles B. McVay III of the cruiser is later court-martialed and convicted; in 2000, he is posthumously exonerated.source
  • 1949Legal aid is introduced in England and Wales.source
  • 19504 workers striking over the "Royal question" in Belgium are shot dead by the Gendarmerie, at Grâce-Berleur near Liège.source
  • 1955July 25-August 4: Bishops from all over Latin America meet in Rio de Janeiro for the first Episcopal Conference of Latin America.source
  • 1956A joint resolution of Congress is signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, authorizing "In God we trust" as the U.S. national motto.source
  • 1962Trans-Canada Highway officially opens throughout the 4,645 mi between St. John's, Newfoundland, and Victoria, British Columbia, by completion of the Rogers Pass section, making it at this time the world's longest uninterrupted highway.source
  • 1963The Soviet newspaper Izvestia reports that British diplomat and double agent Kim Philby has been given asylum in Moscow.source
  • 1965War on Poverty: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Social Security Act of 1965 into law, establishing Medicare and Medicaid.source
  • 1966England beats West Germany 4–2 to win the 1966 FIFA World Cup at Wembley after extra time.source
  • 1969Vietnam War: U.S. President Richard Nixon makes an unscheduled visit to South Vietnam, meeting with President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu and U.S. military commanders.source
  • 1970War of Attrition: A large-scale dogfight, codenamed Rimon 20, takes place west of the Suez Canal, in which Israeli pilots down five Soviet-piloted MiGs, while the Israeli Air Force suffers no casualties except a damaged Mirage.source
  • 1970Thalidomide scandal: Damages totalling £485,528 are awarded to 28 Thalidomide victims in the UK.source
  • 1971July 25–30 – Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli records two Debussy works in Munich for Deutsche Grammophon, his fifth recording.source
  • 1971Singapore's first sex reassignment surgery is performed on a 24-year-old who becomes a woman after the surgery, led by Dr S. S. Ratnam. The surgery is declared a success.source
  • 1971An All Nippon Airways Boeing 727 collides with a Japanese fighter jet, resulting in a loss of 162 lives.source
  • 1975Typhoon Nina forms over the Philippine Sea.source
  • 1976Research vessel RV MTA Sismik 1 in Aegean Seasource
  • 1976Bruce Jenner wins the gold medal in the men's decathlon at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.source
  • 1976In Santiago, Chile, Cruzeiro from Brazil beats River Plate from Argentina and are the Copa Libertadores de América champions in Association football.source
  • 1977Left-wing German terrorists Susanne Albrecht, Brigitte Mohnhaupt and Christian Klar assassinate Jürgen Ponto, chairman of the Dresdner Bank in Oberursel, West Germany.source
  • 1979The carless days scheme is introduced, restricting private motor vehicles from driving on one day of the week.source
  • 1979Eat Bulaga!, the longest running noon-time variety show in the Philippines, premiered on RPN. It was also aired on ABS-CBN from 1989 to 1995, GMA Network from 1995 to 2023 and the TV5 since 2023.source
  • 1980Vanuatu gains independence.source
  • 1980Israel's Knesset passes the Jerusalem Law.source
  • 19811981 Polish hunger demonstrations: As many as 50,000 demonstrators, mostly women and children, take to the streets in Łódź to protest about food ration shortages in Communist Poland.source
  • 1993A wildfire on the Greek island of Ikaria kills 13.source
  • 2002July 25–August 4 – The 2002 Commonwealth Games are held in Manchester, England.source
  • 2003The final Volkswagen Beetle is produced.source
  • 2004The Frauenkirche church finishes reconstruction after its destruction in 1945.source
  • 2005First microfinance agency is launched within the countrysource
  • 2012July 30–31 – In the worst power outage in world history, the 2012 India blackouts leave 620 million people without power.source
  • 2013The World Bank approves a $50 million IDA credit to the country to help improve access to electricity.source
  • 2014July 23–August 3 – The 2014 Commonwealth Games takes place in Glasgow, Scotland.source
  • 2017establishment of the Province of the Episcopal Church of Sudansource
  • 2019India bans triple talaq.source
  • 2020NASA successfully launches its Mars 2020 rover mission to search for signs of ancient life and collect samples for return to Earth. The mission includes technology demonstrations to prepare for future human missions.source
  • 2021A Liberian-flagged tanker ship was struck by a drone attack off the coast of Oman, killing two crew members.source
  • 2022July 28–August 8 – The 2022 Commonwealth Games is held in Birmingham, England.source
  • 2022July 29 – August 8: Guyana at the 2022 Commonwealth Gamessource
  • 2025An Mw 8.8 earthquake strikes off the coast of Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula, triggering tsunami warnings in Japan and Hawaii.source

Births

  • 157 BCEWu of Han, who will be emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty from 141 BC (died 87 BC)source
  • 1470Hongzhi Emperor of China (died 1505)source
  • 1511Giorgio Vasari, Italian painter and architect (died 1574)source
  • 1549Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (died 1609)source
  • 1569Karl I, Prince of Liechtenstein (died 1627)source
  • 1601Richard Onslow, English MP (died 1664)source
  • 1610Lorens von der Linde, Swedish field marshal (died 1670)source
  • 1610Lorens von der Linde, (died 1670)source
  • 1641Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist (died 1673)source
  • 1669Eudoxia Lopukhina, first wife of Peter the Great of Russia (died 1731)source
  • 1726William Jones of Nayland, clergyman and author (died 1800)source
  • 1743Philip Yorke, genealogist (died 1804)source
  • 1751Maria Anna Mozart ("Nannerl"), Austrian musician and composer, sister of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (died 1829)source
  • 1751July 30 (midnight) – Maria Anna Mozart ("Nannerl"), Austrian pianist, singer, composer and violinist, sister of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozartsource
  • 1818Emily Brontë, British novelist (died 1848)source
  • 1857Thorstein Veblen, American economist (died 1929)source
  • 1863Henry Ford, American automobile manufacturer, industrialist (died 1947)source
  • 1874João de Deus Mena Barreto (1874–1933), a member of the junta that temporarily governed Brazil when Washington Luís was deposedsource
  • 1881Smedley Butler, United States Marine Corps general (died 1940)source
  • 1894Păstorel Teodoreanu, humorist, poet, and gastronome (died 1964).source
  • 1947Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-American actor, bodybuilder and 38th Governor of Californiasource
  • 1958Kate Bush, English singer-songwritersource

Deaths

  • 578Jacob Baradaeus, bishop of Edessasource
  • 579Pope Benedict I dies after a 4-year reign, and is succeeded by Pelagius II as the 63rd pope. During the Lombard siege of Rome, he labors to solve the problems of famine.source
  • 734Tatwine, Mercian archbishop of Canterbury (born c.670?)source
  • 829Shi Xiancheng, general of the Tang dynastysource
  • 1126Cecilia of Normandy (or Cecily), English princesssource
  • 1233Konrad von Marburg, German priest (born 1180)source
  • 1286Bar Hebraeus, Syrian scholar and bishop (born 1226)source
  • 1308Chungnyeol, Korean ruler (House of Wang) (born 1236)source
  • 1393Alberto d'Este, Lord of Ferrara and Modena (born 1347)source
  • 1488Clarice Orsini, Florentine noblewoman and wife of Lorenzo de’ Medici (born 1453)source
  • 1516John V, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German count (born 1455)source
  • 1526García Jofre de Loaísa, Spanish explorer (born 1490)source
  • 1540Robert Barnes, English reformer (martyred) (born 1495)source
  • 1540Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of Calenberg (1491–1540) (born 1470)source
  • 1550Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton, English politician (born 1505)source
  • 1566Guillaume Rondelet, French doctor (born 1507)source
  • 1608Rory O'Donnell, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell (born 1575)source
  • 1613Henry Julius, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (born 1564)source
  • 1680Thomas Butler, 6th Earl of Ossory (born 1634)source
  • 1683Maria Theresa of Spain, French queen, married to Louis XIV of France (born 1638)source
  • 1697Lorentz Mortensen Angell, merchant and landowner (born 1626).source
  • 1700Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, member of the English royal family (born 1689)source
  • 1700Eleven-year-old Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, dies of "a malignant fever" at Windsor Castle, leaving the Protestant succession to the British throne in doubt.source
  • 1715Nahum Tate, Irish poet (born 1652)source
  • 1718William Penn, American settler, founder of Pennsylvania (born 1644)source
  • 1718William Penn, Quaker and founder of the Pennsylvania colony (born 1644)source
  • 1746Francesco Trevisani, Italian painter (born 1656)source
  • 1771Thomas Gray, English writer (born 1716)source
  • 1811Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, leader of the Mexican War of Independence (born 1753)source
  • 1811Mexican War of Independence: Priest and military leader Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla is executed as a rebel, by the Spanish government of New Spain.source
  • 1875George Pickett, American Confederate general (born 1825)source
  • 1894Walter Pater, English essayist, critic (born 1839)source
  • 1898Otto von Bismarck, German statesman (born 1815)source
  • 1900Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, second son of Queen Victoria (born 1844)source
  • 1912Emperor Meiji of Japan (born 1852)source
  • 1912Emperor Meiji of Japan dies; he is succeeded by his son Yoshihito, who becomes Emperor Taishō. In the history of Japan, the event marks the end of the Meiji period and the beginning of the Taishō period.source
  • 1967July 23–31 – 12th Street Riot: In Detroit, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city: 43 are killed, 342 injured and 1,400 buildings burned.source
  • 1990British politician and former Member of Parliament Ian Gow is assassinated by a Provisional Irish Republican Army car bomb outside his home in England.source
  • 202363 people are killed and over 200 are injured after a suicide bombing occurs in Khar, Pakistan; the Islamic State – Khorasan Province claims responsibility for the attack.source
  • 2024At least 334 people are killed, over 200 injured, and 281 missing following landslides in Wayanad district, Kerala, India.source