1633 CE

Charles I is crowned King of Scots at St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh, according to Anglican rite in his first visit to Scotland since early childhood, although he has been Scottish monarch since 1625. The Dutch East India Company fleet, led by Hans Putmans, attacks its ally Zheng Zhilong's base by surprise, near Xiamen. Battle of Liaoluo Bay: A large Ming dynasty fleet under Zheng Zhilong defeats a Dutch East India Company fleet at the island of Quemoy.

In the 1630s, the 17th century.

Geopolitics & Diplomacy

  • January 15 – Edict creating the Parliament of Metz, which supersedes the courts of justice of the Three Bishoprics.Francesource
  • 27 January – Isabella approves a peace deal with the Dutch Republic on the condition of acknowledgement of Habsburg sovereignty.Belgiumsource
  • February 9 – the Duchy of Hesse-Cassel captures Dorsten from the Electorate of Cologne without resistance.source
  • March 1 – Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France, on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.source
  • 1 April – Dutch refuse to acknowledge Habsburg sovereignty; peace talks at an impasse.Belgiumsource
  • April 19 – The Treaty of Bärwalde is renewed between France and Sweden at the congress of Heilbronn. On April 23 an alliance is concluded between Sweden and the Upper Rhenish Circle, the Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle, the Swabian Circle and the Franconian Circle against Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor.Francesource
  • May 22 – Samuel de Champlain, founder of the French colony of New France, returns to Quebec after being gone for four years, commissioned as Lieutenant General of the troops of New France, but not as governor.source
  • May – King Charles revives medieval forest laws to raise funds from fines.Englandsource
  • November 23 – Decision of the Conseil du Roi (confirmed by the Parlement of Paris on 5 July 1634), to construct a new section of the city walls of Paris.Francesource
  • Axel Oxenstierna appointed Sweden's ambassador in Germany for three years.Swedensource
  • Alliance between Sweden and the Protestant states of south-west Germany.Swedensource

Conflict & Security

  • 11 May – Siege of Rheinberg commences.Belgiumsource
  • July 7 – the Dutch East India Company fleet, led by Hans Putmans, attacks its ally Zheng Zhilong's base by surprise, near Xiamen.source
  • July 8 – Thirty Years' War: Battle of Oldendorf – Sweden defeats the Holy Roman Empire near Hessisch Oldendorf.source
  • September 25 – King Louis XIII enters into Nancy, marking the occupation of the Duchy of Lorraine by France.source
  • September 25 – Entry of the king into Nancy marking the occupation of the Duchy of Lorraine by France.Francesource
  • October 17 – Thirty Years' War: Siege of Rheinfelden – Spain recaptures Rheinfelden from Sweden.source
  • October 22 – Battle of Liaoluo Bay: A large Ming dynasty fleet under Zheng Zhilong defeats a Dutch East India Company fleet at the island of Quemoy.source
  • December 9 – Francisco de Murga, Spain's Governor of the South American province of Cartagena (now in Colombia), crushes a revolt by escaped African slaves in an attack against the palenque of Limón. De Murga captures 80 residents, and, after a trial, has 13 executed, with the drawing and quartering of their bodies.source
  • Trịnh–Nguyễn War: Trịnh Tráng launched an attack on Đàng Trong at the Nhật Lệ estuary. This was marked as the second clash in the civil war.source
  • Swedish victory at Battle of OldendorfSwedensource
  • Swedish victory at Battle of Pfaffenhofen.Swedensource
  • Swedish occupation of Regensburg.Swedensource
  • Swedish defeat at Battle of Steinau.Swedensource

Exploration & Expansion

  • June 24 – The Compagnie normande (compagnie Rozée) obtains a 1-year monopoly of trade with Cape Verde, Senegal, The Gambia and (from 14 January 1634) Guinea.Francesource
  • September 26 – a group from the Plymouth Colony settles in Windsor, Connecticut, making it the first settlement in the state.source
  • November 11 – the Dutch expedition of Jan Janszoon van Hoorn, against Spanish pirates in Central America, ends after six months with van Hoorn's success.source
  • November 22 – commissioned by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore to transport 140 English colonists to the province of Maryland in America, The Ark and another ship, the Dove (with 128 settlers), depart Gravesend in England for the New World. Three days later, the two ships become separated by a storm in the English Channel, and the crew of The Ark assumes that the Dove sank.source
  • November 29 – The Ark runs into a more violent storm, but manages to stay afloat and to continue on its journey to America. The Dove turns out to have survived the storms, and both ships will arrive in Maryland on February 24.source
  • English colonists settle what will become the town of Hingham, Massachusetts.source
  • Hans Hansen Bergen emigrated to New Netherland, one of the earliest Norwegian settlers of the Dutch colony.Norwaysource

Religion & Belief

  • January 12 – Congregation of the Mission founded by Vincent de Paul is constituted as a congregation by the pope in the bull Salvatoris nostri.Francesource
  • February 6 – the formal coronation of Władysław IV Vasa as King of Poland takes place at the cathedral in Kraków. He had been elected as king on November 8.source
  • February 28 – Pierre Séguier becomes Keeper of the Seals of France (until 1650).Francesource
  • 24 April – Great Council of Mechelen sentences René de Renesse, 1st Count of Warfusée to perpetual banishment and forfeiture of all goods for his role in the Conspiracy of Nobles.Belgiumsource
  • June 18 – Charles I is crowned King of Scots at St Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh, according to Anglican rite in his first visit to Scotland since early childhood, although he has been Scottish monarch since 1625.source
  • June 22 – the Roman Catholic Church forces Galileo Galilei to recant his heliocentric view of the Solar System. According to legend, he claims Eppur si muove.source
  • June 25 – Beginning of Vincent de Paul’s regular Tuesday ecclesiastical conferences.Francesource
  • August 6 – William Laud becomes Archbishop of Canterbury.source
  • 6 August – William Laud becomes Archbishop of Canterbury.Englandsource
  • The Jews of Poznań are granted the privilege of forbidding Christians to enter into their city quarter.source
  • St Columb's Cathedral, Derry, Ireland, the first post-Reformation Anglican cathedral built in the British Isles and the first Protestant cathedral built in Europe, is completed.source
  • Mission San Luis de Apalachee is built in the New World by two Spanish friars.source
  • Emperor of Ethiopia Fasilides expels Jesuit missionaries.source
  • St Columb's Cathedral, Derry is completed; the first post-Reformation Anglican cathedral built in the British Isles and the first Protestant cathedral built in Europe.Irelandsource

Technology & Infrastructure

  • February 13 – Fire engines are used for the first time in England in order to control and extinguish a fire that breaks out at London Bridge, but not before 43 houses are destroyed.source
  • 13 February – Fire engines are used for the first time in England to control and extinguish a fire that breaks out at London Bridge, but not before 43 houses are destroyed.Englandsource

Science & Discovery

  • July 8 – The Javanese calendar is commenced on this day by the order of Sultan Agung of the Mataram Sultanate. It is the Javanese adaptation of the Hijri calendar, but it continues the year numbering of the Shaka era widely used in Java then, thus the calendar's epoch is 1 Sura 1555 AJ, corresponding with 1 Muharram 1043 AH.source
  • John Donne's collected Poems published posthumously.Englandsource
  • John Ford's play Tis Pity She's a Whore published.Englandsource

Health & Medicine

  • January 20 – Galileo Galilei, having been summoned to Rome on orders of Pope Urban VIII, leaves for Florence for his journey. His carriage is halted at Ponte a Centino at the border of Tuscany, where he is quarantined for 22 days because of an outbreak of the plague.source
  • November 18 – A sumptuary law prohibits all subjects from wearing gold or silver embroidery.Francesource
  • November 29 – Systematic training of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul in nursing by their co-founder Louise de Marillac begins.Francesource
  • Shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu of Japan issues the Sakoku Edict of 1635 outlawing Christianity, enforcing a policy of extreme isolationism (sakoku) until 1853.source

Crime & Justice

  • January 17–19 – Quarrel between Diogo de Oliviera, alias Sindicario, a member of the Portuguese marrano community of Rouen, and Diego de Cisneros, a Spanish priest of the Roman Catholic Diocese of León in Spain, over a request for a catholicity certificate. The case is brought before the courts and causes the dispersion of part of the Rouen marrano community, some finding refuge in Lille, Antwerp and London. The Spanish priests Cisneros and Juan Bautista de Villadiego, denounced as spies, as well as Oliviera, are arrested. The 36 marranos accused of crypto-Judaism are finally absolved on June 30 after an investigation by the King's Council and the promise to pay 250000 livres to the crown.Francesource
  • February 13 – Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition.source
  • February 25 – Arrest of Charles de L'Aubespine, Keeper of the Seals of France; he is imprisoned at Angoulême. On the same day his friend François de Rochechouart, chevalier de Jars, is imprisoned in the Bastille.Francesource
  • April 12 – Galileo Galilei is convicted of heresy by the Roman Catholic Church.source

Disasters & Accidents

  • May 28 – Aurangzeb, Crown Prince of the Mughal Empire in India, narrowly escapes death when an elephant stampedes through his encampment, but is able to defend himself with a lance.source
  • 27 December – Peace talks in The Hague abandoned.Belgiumsource

Culture & Society

  • 1 August – Exeter School is founded in Devon.Englandsource
  • August 22 – First of the published weekly conferences on subjects of interest arranged by Théophraste Renaudot in Paris.Francesource
  • 18 October – Charles I reissues the Declaration of Sports, which had originated during his father's reign, listing the sports and recreations permitted on Sundays and other holy days.Englandsource
  • A professorship in Arabic studies is founded at the University of Cambridge in England.source
  • St Paul's, Covent Garden, designed by Inigo Jones in 1631 overlooking his piazza, opens to worship, the first wholly new parish church built in London since the English Reformation.Englandsource
  • Earliest surviving edition of the Christopher Marlowe play The Jew of Malta published, around 40 years after its first performance.Englandsource
  • Foundation of the Allmänna Barnhuset.Swedensource

Births

  • February 23 – Samuel Pepys, English civil servant and diarist (died 1703)source
  • March 25 – Samuel Whiting, Jr., American clergyman (died 1713)source
  • March 26 – Mary Beale, British artist (died 1699)source
  • April 20 – Emperor Go-Kōmyō of Japan (died 1654)source
  • May 1 – Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban, French noble and military engineer noted for designing fortifications (died 1707)source
  • 8 May – Charles Eugene, 2nd Duke of Arenberg (died 1681)Belgiumsource
  • June 1 – Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (died 1687)source
  • July 25 – Joseph Williamson, English politician (died 1701)source
  • September 6 – Sebastian Knüpfer, German composer (died 1676)source
  • September 8 – Ferdinand IV, King of the Romans (died 1654)source
  • October 4 – Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (died 1714)source
  • October 4 – Bernardino Ramazzini, Italian physician (died 1714)source
  • October 14 – King James II of England (died 1701)source
  • 14 October – King James II of England (died 1701)Englandsource
  • November 11 – George Savile, 1st Marquess of Halifax, English writer and statesman (died 1695)source
  • November 15 – Gesina ter Borch, Dutch Golden Age painter (died 1690)source
  • Jacob Jensen Jersin, theologian (died 1694)Denmarksource
  • Didrik Muus, priest, painter, copper engraver (died 1706).Norwaysource

Deaths

  • March 1 – George Herbert, English poet and orator (born 1593)source
  • 1 March – George Herbert, poet and orator (born 1593)Englandsource
  • 3 March – Magnus Brahe, Lord High Constable and Lord High Steward (born 1564)Swedensource
  • June – Étienne Brûlé, French explorer (born c. 1592)source
  • July 16 – John Casimir, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (born 1564)source
  • August 5 – George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (born 1562)source
  • August 10 – Anthony Munday, English writer (born 1553)source
  • August 12 – Ulrik of Denmark, Danish prince-bishop (born 1611)source
  • 12 August – Ulrik of Denmark, prince (born 1611)Denmarksource
  • September – Henry Cary, 1st Viscount Falkland (born c. 1575)source
  • October 2 – Scipione Borghese, Italian Catholic cardinal and art collector (born 1577)source
  • October 24 – Jean Titelouze, French organist (born c.1562)source
  • November 7 – Cornelis Drebbel, Dutch inventor (born 1572)source
  • November 8 – Xu Guangqi, Chinese astronomer, Roman Catholic convert, mathematician, scholar, scientist and servant of God (born 1562)source
  • November 14 – William Ames, English philosopher (born 1576)source
  • December 1 – Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain (born 1566)source
  • 1 December – Isabella Clara Eugenia (born 1566), princessBelgiumsource
  • December 17 or December 27 – Meletius Smotrytsky, Ruthenian religious activist and author (born 1577)source