/year

September 9 in history

219 sourced entries recorded on September 9, from 214 CE to 2025 CE. Every line is quoted from the revision it came from.

Events

  • 337Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their father Constantine I as co-emperors. The Roman Empire is divided between the three Augusti.source
  • 533The Byzantine army lands at Caput Vada (modern Tunisia). Belisarius marches his army northwards, towards Carthage (over 140 miles), following the coast, accompanied by the fleet and shadowed by Gelimer. During the march, the Vandal towns fall without a fight.source
  • 622September 9 or June 17 – The Islamic prophet Muhammad secretly leaves his home in Mecca to make the Hijrah (emigrate) to Yathrib (later renamed by him Medina), along with his companion Abu Bakr. They take refuge in the Cave of Thawr south of Mecca for three days, departing on September 13 or June 21.source
  • 924After pillaging the suburbs of Constantinople, Tsar Simeon I of Bulgaria meets with the Byzantine Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos on the Golden Horn to arrange a truce, according to which Byzantium will pay the Bulgarians an annual tribute in exchangefor the return of some cities on the Black Sea coast.source
  • 999September 9 (999 or 1000) – Battle of Svolder: A Norwegian fleet, commanded by Olaf Tryggvason in his longship Ormrinn langi, is defeated by the combined fleet of the Danish king Sweyn Forkbeard and his Swedish counterpart Olof Skötkonung, resulting in Tryggvason's death, and the splitting up of Norway between Sweden and Denmark.source
  • 1141Battle of Qatwan: Yelü Dashi, founder of the Qara Khitai, defeats the Seljuk Empire and Kara-Khanid forces.source
  • 1191September 9–10 – Richard I and his Crusader forces march on to Jaffa and set about rebuilding its fortifications, which Saladin has destroyed by his scorched-earth policy. Mid-September, a large number of French nobles begin to resist – such as Hugh III. They argue about the refortification of Jaffa, instead of a direct strike inland on Jerusalem. Meanwhile, Saladin evacuates and demolishes most of the fortresses of southern Palestina.source
  • 1217A letter is brought to Louis VIII of France from William Marshal asking for a day's truce and requesting that Hugh de Malaunay might be sent to speak with Marshal and the council. Both of these requests were granted by Louis. A parley was then fixed for September 12, and a prolongation of the truce till the 14th.source
  • 1226After Avignon's defenders negotiate a peaceful resolution with the French Army by the payment of an indemnity of 6,000 marks, the gates of the walled city are opened and Louis enters the city without violence.source
  • 1298Battle of Curzola: The Genoese fleet (some 80 galleys) led by Admiral Lamba Doria defeats the Venetian fleet at Curzola. The disaster is almost complete for Venice: 83 of the 95 galleys are destroyed and some 7,000 men are killed. During the battle, Marco Polo, commanding one of the Venetian ships, is captured.source
  • 1320Battle of Saint George: Byzantine forces under Andronikos Asen defeat the army of the Principality of Achaea, securing the possession of Arcadia. During the battle, Latin commander Bartholomew II Ghisi is taken prisoner, along with several high-ranking nobles of the principality, and is sent to Constantinople.source
  • 133215 November Justicier de Lucy leads expedition to Thomondsource
  • 1341Elizabeth de Burgh and Lionel of Antwerp are married.source
  • 13491349 Apennine earthquakes. An earthquake in Rome causes extensive damage, including the collapse of the southern exterior facade of the Colosseum.source
  • 1373Władysław the White (Władysław Biały), formerly the Duke of Gniewkowo begins a rebellion against the Kingdom of Poland in an attempt to become the kingdom's monarch rather than the King of Hungary. He begins an attempt to reestablish his duchy, capturing Gniewkowo, Włocławek, Inowrocław and Złotoria, but ultimately fails after he flees to Zlotoria in 1376 and is besieged there, surrendering in 1377.source
  • 1373The French attack an isolated English corps at Oulchy, killing its captain Walter Hewitt and numerous men, and capturing several knights and squires, including Thomas Despenser, brother of the Constable of England Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester.source
  • 1379The Treaty of Neuberg is signed, splitting the Austrian Habsburg lands between brothers Albert III and Leopold III. Albert III retains the title of Duke of Austria.source
  • 1388The 16th Parliament of King Richard II, the first since the adjournment of the Merciless Parliament, opens at the Barnwell Priory in Cambridge for a five-week session, during which the members bring their complaints against the Lords Appellant.source
  • 1398Janus of the House of Poitiers-Lusignan becomes the new King of Cyprus upon the death of his father, King Jacques I, who had reigned since 1382.source
  • 1409The new Pope Alexander V issues a papal bull granting a charter to the University of Leipzig.source
  • 1432The S es of Aragon defeating the soldiers of Ifriqiya.source
  • 1438In Cairo, Sayf al-Din Jaqmaq becomes the new Sultan of Egypt and Syria, deposing the young Sultan Al-Aziz Jamal al-Din Yusuf, whom he has arrested and then deported to Alexandria.source
  • 1444General Alvise Loredan, commander of the Venetian and Papal States squadrons in the Crusade of Varna, receives instructions from the Republic of Venice to open secret negotiations with the Ottoman Sultan and to abstain from offensive actions until further notice. Loredan is soon faced with defending an Ottoman invasion of Europe.source
  • 1468At Hanseong, Prince Yi Hwang of the Joseon dynasty becomes the new King of Korea, taking the regnal name Yejong, upon the death of his father, King Sejo.source
  • 1475The city of Köln (Cologne), already separate from the surrounding Köln is granted the status of a "free imperial city" by the Holy Roman Empire, with representation in the Imperial Diet and self-government within the Empire.source
  • 1488Anne of Brittany becomes Duchess of Brittany at the age of 11. Her marriage to King Charles VIII in 1491 effectively ends Breton independence from France.source
  • 1493At the Battle of Krbava Field in southern Croatia, forces of the Ottoman Empire defeat those of the Kingdom of Croatia.source
  • 1513Battle of Flodden: King James IV of Scotland is defeated and killed by an English army under Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey. James's infant son, the Duke of Rothesay, becomes James V, King of Scots. At least 5,000 Scots and 1,500 English troops are killed.source
  • 1513Johann Reuchlin is summoned for an inquisition trial, initiated by Jacob van Hoogstraaten. The verdict of the trial is never revealed, as when it is about to be announced on October 12, the archbishop of Mainz orders the court to go into recess on threat of resigning the court, and the trial never continues. Eventually, in March 1514, an ecclesiastical court presided over by George, Bishop of Speyer clears Reuchlin of any charges and orders Hoogstraten to pay the cost of 111 guldens, although this is overturned by Leo X in a papal decision in 1520.source
  • 1543Mary Stuart is crowned the Queen of Scots in Stirling at the age of nine months old.source
  • 1543Coronation of Mary, Queen of Scots at Stirling.source
  • 1552The Siege of Eger begins as thousands of Ottoman troops, led by General Kara Ahmed Pasha of the Ottoman Empire attack a greatly outnumbered force of Hungarian defenders, captained by István Dobó.source
  • 15619 September to 9 October – The Colloquy of Poissy, a religious conference which object was to effect a reconciliation between Catholics and Protestants, took place in Poissy.source
  • 1562Mary, Queen of Scots, on her first northern progress, besieges Inverness Castle.source
  • 1567At a dinner, the Duke of Alba arrests Lamoral, Count of Egmont and Philip de Montmorency, Count of Horn for treason.source
  • 1570Nicosia falls to the Turks under the command of General Lala Mustafa Pasha. After the Ottomans breach the walls, the Venetian defenders are massacred and the women and boys are sold into slavery.source
  • 1583English ship Squirrel, the flagship of explorer, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, sinks in a storm with all hands along with all but one of Gilbert's colonial expedition. Gilbert and his men had been returning from North America after claiming Newfoundland in the name of Queen Elizabeth.source
  • 1587In the Burgundian Netherlands (part of modern-day Belgium), the faculty at the University of Leuven publishes a condemnation of the 34 propositions drawn up by the Jesuit scholar Michel Baius, leading to a campaign by traditional Belgian Catholics against the Jesuits.source
  • 1588English captain Thomas Cavendish completes his circumnavigation in a record time of 781 days, returning to Plymouth more than two years after setting off on July 21, 1586. The previous record had been 1,018 days by the expedition of Sir Francis Drake from 1577 to 1580. By the time of his return, Cavendish has only his flagship, Desire, after having started with two other vessels (the warship Content and the 40-ton supply ship Hugh Gallant).source
  • 1601The siege of Nagykanizsa, an Ottoman fortress in Hungary, is started by Archduke Ferdinand of Austria and lasts for more than two months before being abandoned.source
  • 1619The coronation of Ferdinand II takes place in Vienna.source
  • 1632Thirty Years' War: Battle of the Alte Veste – Besieged by Wallenstein at Nuremberg, Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus attempts to break the siege, but is defeated.source
  • 1632Thirty Years' War – Besieged by Wallenstein at Nuremberg, Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus attempts to break the siege, but is defeated in the Battle of the Alte Veste.source
  • 1632Thirty Years' War – Besieged by Wallenstein at Nuremberg, Swedish king Gustavus Adolphus attempts to break the siege, but is defeated in the Battle of the Alte Veste.source
  • 1642Reapers' War: Siege of Perpignan: Perpignan is conquered by Franco-Catalan forces led by Charles de La Porte after a 10-month siege.source
  • 1668Molière's comedy The Miser (L'Avare) is first performed, in Paris.source
  • 1689King William brings England into a military alliance with the Holy Roman Empire in a fight against France in the Nine Years War.source
  • 1689September 3–12 – Messengers from over 100 Baptist churches assemble in the City of London to discuss and endorse the 1677 document that will become known as the 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith.source
  • 1693Francesco Invrea, King of Corsica, begins a two-year term as the Doge of the Republic of Genoa in Italy, succeeding Giovanni Battista Cattaneo Della Volta.source
  • 1710September 9 − Philip V abandons Madridsource
  • 1739The Stono Rebellion, a slave rebellion, erupts near Charleston, South Carolina.source
  • 1750Otto von Rantzau replaces Henrik Ochsen as Governor of Iceland due to Ochsen's death in Denmark.source
  • 1766when Christian VII sells most of the royal holdings on the island of Falster (divided into 10 estates) by auction to make payments on Denmark's sovereign debtsource
  • 1769September 6–9 – David Garrick holds a Shakespeare Jubilee festival at Stratford-upon-Avon in England.source
  • 1775August 29 – September 12 – The Independence Hurricane from South Carolina to Nova Scotia kills 4,170, mostly fishermen and sailors.source
  • 1776The Continental Congress officially names its union of states the United States (previously the United Colonies).source
  • 1778Benjamin Millingchamp, is appointed chaplain on board the flagship of Admiral Sir Edward Hughes.source
  • 1783Dickinson College is chartered in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.source
  • 1791The capital of the United States, Washington, D.C., is named after the incumbent 1st President George Washington.source
  • 1796French Revolutionary Wars: Action of 9 September 1796 – A naval engagement between French and British squadrons off Sumatra ends inconclusively.source
  • 1796Grenelle camp affair, a failed uprising by supporters of Gracchus Babeuf against the French Directorysource
  • 1801Alexander I of Russia confirms the privileges of the Baltic provinces.source
  • 1818Ottoman Empire Defeats the First Saudi State and captures Abdullah bin Saud Al Saudsource
  • 1822September 8–13 – Battle of Nauplia: In a series of naval engagements, the Ottoman Fleet fails to break through the Greek Fleet, under Admiral Andreas Vokos Miaoulis.source
  • 1835José Figueroa, Governor of Alta California (born 1792)source
  • 1845Christen Christensen, shipyard owner, ship-owner and whaling manager (died 1923)source
  • 1845Potato blight breaks out in Ireland, beginning the Great Famine.source
  • 1845A potato blight breaks out in Ireland, beginning the Great Famine.source
  • 1850The New Mexico Territory is organized by order of the United States Congress.source
  • 1850California is admitted as the 31st U.S. state.source
  • 1850California is admitted to the Union as the 31st state (see History of California and An Act for the Admission of the State of California).source
  • 1854British Inman Line's SS City of Philadelphia is wrecked off Cape Race (Newfoundland) on her maiden voyage without loss of life.source
  • 1855September 9 (August 28 O.S.) – Crimean War: Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) – Sevastopol falls to French and British troops.source
  • 1864September 1 – September 9: Charlottetown Conference, noted as the first step towards Confederationsource
  • 1865First of fifteen deaths in the only outbreak of yellow fever ever to occur in Britain, at Swansea.source
  • 1874Captain Lyman's wagon train besieged by Indians in Hemphill County, Texas.source
  • 1886The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works is signed.source
  • 1892Amalthea, the fifth moon of Jupiter, is discovered by Edward Emerson Barnard.source
  • 1893Stuttgarter Fußballvereinsource
  • 1899Dreyfus affair: In the retrial of his court-martial, Alfred Dreyfus is again found guilty of treason and sentenced to serve the remaining 10 years of his prison sentence on Devils Island, notwithstanding that the real culprit has previously admitted to his actions.source
  • 1913Imperial Russian Army pilot Pyotr Nesterov becomes the first person to loop an airplane, flying a Nieuport IV monoplane over Syretzk Aerodrome near Kiev.source
  • 1913In Germany, BASF starts the world's first plant for the production of fertilizer based on the Haber-Bosch process.source
  • 1913In Oppau, BASF starts the world's first plant for the production of fertilizer based on the Haber-Bosch process, feeding today about a third of the world's population.source
  • 1913Helgoland Island air disaster: The first fatalities aboard a German airship occur, when the Imperial German Navy Zeppelin dirigible LZ 14 is forced down into the North Sea off Heligoland during a thunderstorm, killing 16 of the 22 men on board.source
  • 1914Allied forces halt German advance into France during First Battle of the Marne.source
  • 1919John Howatt Bell becomes premier of Prince Edward Island, replacing Aubin Arsenault.source
  • 1919Pogrom in Tapolca and Diszel kills 15 peoplesource
  • 1920The Lotta Svärd women's paramilitary auxiliary is founded in Finland.source
  • 1922Turkish forces pursuing withdrawing Greek troops enter İzmir, effectively ending the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922).source
  • 1923Turkish head of state Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founds the Republican People's Party (CHP).source
  • 1924September 9–11 – The Kohat riots break out in India.source
  • 1924The Hanapepe massacre occurs on Kauai, Hawaii.source
  • 1924The 8-hour work day is introduced in Belgium.source
  • 1932The Cortes Generales (Parliament) of the Second Spanish Republic approves the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia which grants full autonomy for Catalonia for the first time in modern history.source
  • 1932Beginning of the Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia because of delimitation problems and others.source
  • 1934September 5–10 – The 6th Nuremberg Rally is staged by the German Nazi Party.source
  • 1936The Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence is signed.source
  • 19361936 Naval Revolt (Portugal): The crews of Portuguese Navy frigate NRP Afonso de Albuquerque and destroyer Dão mutiny while anchored in Lisbon Harbour. Opposed to the Salazar dictatorship's support of General Franco's coup in Spain, they declare their solidarity with the Second Spanish Republic.source
  • 1939WWII: Troops of the Polish Poznań Army under the command of General Kutrzeba open the Battle of the Bzura, the largest and best organized counter-attack mounted by the Polish forces in the campaign of 1939. For the first few days all goes well, and the Germans are forced to retreat; but quick reaction by mechanized units and the Luftwaffe soon take their toll, and the operation bogs down.source
  • 1940George Stibitz first demonstrates the remote operation of a computer, in the United States.source
  • 1942WWII: A Japanese floatplane drops incendiary devices at Mount Emily, near Brookings, Oregon, in the first of two "Lookout Air Raids", the first bombing of the continental United States.source
  • 1943WWII: Operation Avalanche: 170,000 British and American troops land near Salerno.source
  • 1943Operation Avalanche occurs; allied forces, under the command of Mark Clark, land near the port of Salerno. Stiff resistance from German forces delays the full capture of the beachhead until 18 September.source
  • 1943Bertolt Brecht's play Life of Galileo (Leben des Galilei) receives its first theatrical production, at the Schauspielhaus Zürich.source
  • 1945The Chōsen Broadcasting Corporation is renamed as the Korean Broadcasting System.source
  • 1947A moth lodged in a relay is found to be the cause of a malfunction in the Harvard Mark II electromechanical computer, logged as the "First actual case of bug being found."source
  • 1949Albert Guay affair: A dynamite bomb destroys Canadian Pacific Airlines Douglas DC-3, in Quebec.source
  • 1949Notorious World War II veteran Edwin Alonzo Boyd commits his first career bank robbery, in Toronto.source
  • 1951Chinese Communist forces move into Lhasa, the capital of Tibet.source
  • 1954The 6.7 Mw Chlef earthquake shakes northern Algeria, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). The shock destroys Orléansville, leaving 1,243–1,409 dead, and 5,000 injured.source
  • 1954The 6.7 Mw Chlef earthquake shakes northern Algeria with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). The shock destroyed Orléansville, left 1,243–1,409 dead, and 5,000 injured.source
  • 1957The Civil Rights Act of 1957 is enacted, establishing the United States Commission on Civil Rights.source
  • 1960Pakistan defeats India 1–0 in field hockey at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, winning the gold medal.source
  • 1965U.N. Secretary General U Thant negotiates with Pakistan President Ayub Khan.source
  • 1965Malaysian national birds were recognized in a Malaysian stamp series.source
  • 1965Sandy Koufax pitches a perfect game in a baseball match against the Chicago Cubs. The opposing pitcher, Bob Hendley, allows only one run, which is unearned.source
  • 1965Hurricane Betsy roars ashore near New Orleans, Louisiana with winds of 145 MPH, causing 76 deaths and $1.42 billion in damage. The storm is the first hurricane to cause $1 billion in unadjusted damages, giving it the nickname "Billion Dollar Betsy". It is the last major hurricane to strike New Orleans until Hurricane Katrina 40 years later.source
  • 1966NATO decides to move Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe to Belgium.source
  • 1969Operation Raviv: During the War of Attrition, an IDF armored force is landed on the Egyptian shore of the Suez Canal disguised as an Egyptian military force, inside six Egyptian tanks and three Egyptian armoured personnel carriers which had previously been captured by the IDF. Masquerading as an Egyptian force, the raiders meet no significant resistance. The IDF armored force raids Egyptian military bases along the west coast of the Gulf of Suez attacking Egyptian radar stations, military vehicles and other military targets. The Egyptian Army suffers an estimated 100-200 casualties and had 12 outposts destroyed. The Israeli forces suffers no losses.source
  • 1969Allegheny Airlines Flight 853, a DC-9 airliner, collides in flight with a small Piper PA-28 airplane, and crashes near Fairland, Indiana, killing all 83 people in both aircraft.source
  • 1971September 9–13 – Attica Prison riot: A revolt breaks out at the maximum-security prison in Attica, New York. In the end, state police and the United States National Guard storm the facility; 42 are killed, 10 of them hostages.source
  • 1971September 5–18: Hurricane Edith.source
  • 1971English musician John Lennon releases his second studio album Imagine. Worldwide sales of the title track will exceed 5 million.source
  • 1973Scottish racing driver Jackie Stewart becomes World Drivers' Champion when his Tyrrell 003-Cosworth finishes fourth in the 1973 Italian Grand Prix at Monza.source
  • 1976September 7 – 11: Hurricane Kathleensource
  • 1979The long-running comic strip For Better or For Worse begins its run, in Canada, before becoming syndicated elsewhere in North America and the world.source
  • 1981September 4–12. Major Soviet military exercise Zapad’81 (West’81) takes place in Belarus and the Baltic States.source
  • 1981September 5–10. First round of National Congress of Solidarity Delegates takes place in Gdańsk, at Hala Olivia. Solidarity has 9,5 million members. Of all its regions, most numerous is Upper Silesia - Zagłębie Dąbrowskie (Region Śląsko-Dąbrowski) - 1,4 mln members, Mazovia - 911,000 members, and Lower Silesia - 900,000 members. During the Congress, The Message to Working People of Eastern Europe is issued, as well as a Letter to Polonia of the Whole World.source
  • 1987September 9 and 11 – The entire 25-member Cabinet and three officials of the Presidential Commission on Good Government resign during an emergency meeting following the previous month's failed coup attempt. Two days later, nine officials also tender resignations, including Central Bank governor Jose Fernandez and commissioners of the internal revenue, customs and immigration bureaus. Only few are later replaced by President Aquino, including Vice President Laurel who resigns as foreign secretary.source
  • 1987September 7–21 – The world's first conference on artificial life is held at Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United States.source
  • 1988September 8–19: Hurricane Gilbertsource
  • 1990Joint news conference of President Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev in Helsinki, Finland.source
  • 1990September 1–10 – Pope John Paul II visits Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda and Ivory Coast.source
  • 1995September 4–15 – The Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing with over 4,750 delegates from 181 countries in attendance.source
  • 1998Keiko the orca, captured in 1979, is released back into the wild off the coast of Iceland.source
  • 1998Kinshasa is facing serious food shortages due to the war.source
  • 1999Sega releases the Dreamcast in North America, marking the launch of its final home video game console.source
  • 2000September 7–14 – Fuel protests in the United Kingdom, with refineries blockaded and supply to the country's network of petrol stations halted.source
  • 2001A suicide bomber kills Ahmad Shah Massoud, military commander of the Afghan Northern Alliance.source
  • 2001Nahariya Railway Station bombing: an Arab-Israeli who was sent by Hamas detonates himself on the crowded platform of the Nahariya Railway Station, killing 3 Israelis and injuring 94. Hamas claim responsibility.source
  • 2004United States Secretary of State Colin Powell declares that the actions of the Janjaweed Arab militia in Darfur constitute genocide. Powell holds the government of Sudan responsible. Up to 50,000 ethnic Africans have been killed and 2.2 million displaced into refugee camps in neighboring Chad by ethnic Arab militias.source
  • 2009The Dubai Metro, the first urban train network in the Arabian Peninsula, officials opens.source
  • 2011October 23 – The 2011 Rugby World Cup is held in and won by New Zealand who beat France in the final.source
  • 2016The government of North Korea conducts its fifth and reportedly biggest nuclear test. World leaders condemn the act, with South Korea calling it "maniacal recklessness".source
  • 2018The 2018 Swedish general election is held to elect all 349 members of the Riksdag, Sweden's unicameral legislature.source
  • 2018Yirol Let L-410 Turbolet crashsource
  • 2020The Pittsburgh Pirates take #21 out of retirement for a game against the Chicago White Sox at PNC Park. 9 September is celebrated by Major League Baseball (MLB) as "Roberto Clemente Day". Clemente, a Puerto Rico native, died in a plane crash in December 1972 while en route to Nicaragua to deliver disaster relief to victims of an earthquake.source
  • 2023At the 18th G20 summit in New Delhi, the African Union is announced as the 21st permanent member of the G20.source
  • 2025Russian drone incursion into Poland: Multiple drones breach Polish airspace during a large-scale Russian attack on Ukraine and are intercepted by Polish and NATO forces, marking the first attack on NATO territory and prompting Poland to invoke Article 4.source

Births

  • 214Aurelian, Roman emperor (died 275)source
  • 384Honorius, Roman Emperor (died 423)source
  • 1134Abdul Razzaq Gilani, Persian jurist (died 1207)source
  • 1349Duke Albert III of Austria (died 1395)source
  • 1427Thomas de Ros, 9th Baron de Ros, English politician (died 1464)source
  • 1443Muhammad Jaunpuri (died 1505)source
  • 1466Ashikaga Yoshitane, Japanese shōgun (died 1523)source
  • 1558Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur, French soldier (died 1602)source
  • 1558Philippe Emmanuel, Duke of Mercœur, soldier and prominent member of the Catholic League (died 1602).source
  • 1585Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, French statesman and 4th Prime Minister of France (died 1642)source
  • 1585Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, Politician and 4th Prime Minister of France (died 1642)source
  • 1655James Johnston (secretary of state), diplomat, Secretary of State for Scotland (died 1737)source
  • 1694John Vanderbank, British artist (died 1739)source
  • 1711Thomas Hutchinson, historian and last civilian Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (died 1780)source
  • 1737Luigi Galvani, Italian physician and physicist (died 1798)source
  • 1747Thomas Coke, first American Methodist Bishop (died 1814)source
  • 1754William Bligh, British sailor (died 1817)source
  • 1828September 9 (O.S.)/August 28 (N.S.) – Leo Tolstoy, Russian writer (died 1910)source
  • 1854Nicolás Palacios (died 1911)source
  • 1855Houston Stewart Chamberlain, British-born German writer (died 1927)source
  • 1878Sergio Osmeña, 4th President of the Philippines (died 1961)source
  • 1911Sir John Gorton, 19th Prime Minister of Australia (died 2002)source
  • 1967Akshay Kumar, Indian actorsource
  • 1979Vasileios Tsolakidis, artistic gymnastsource
  • 1979Phoutlamphay Thiamphasonesource

Deaths

  • 906Adalbert von Babenberg, Frankish noblemansource
  • 984Warin, archbishop of Colognesource
  • 1000Olaf Tryggvason (or Olaf I), king of Norwaysource
  • 1031Kang Kam-ch'an, Korean general (born 948)source
  • 1087William the Conqueror dies in Rouen after a fall from his horse. He is succeeded as king of England by his third son William II.source
  • 1087William the Conqueror, king of Englandsource
  • 1107Roger Bigod of Norfolk, Norman knight and noblesource
  • 1122Al-Hariri of Basra, Abbasid poet (born 1054)source
  • 1191Conrad II, duke of Bohemia (born 1136)source
  • 1271Yaroslav III, Kievan Grand Prince (born 1230)source
  • 1285Kunigunda of Halych, queen of Bohemia (born 1245)source
  • 1346Thadhg mac Ruaidhrí Ó Céarbhaill, princeps of Ely O'Carrol, a powerful, wealthy, rich and warlike man, a particular persecutor and enemy of the English and faithful subjects, was killed by Lord Fulk de la Freigne. He (Ó Céarbhaill) killed, exiled and ejected from his lands of Ely O'Carroll those of the nation of de Barry, de Milleborne, de Brit and other English of the neighbourhood, and he took and occupied their lands and castles, being an oppressive tyrant to all faithful subjects nearby. On the same day Ruaidhrí, son of Ó Mórdha was captured by the same. Nicholas le Grasse was killed." [9].source
  • 1370King Casimir III of Poland sustains a complicated fracture of his left leg when he is thrown from a horse while deer hunting outside the village of Zeleznica.' When he ignores medical advice, his injury becomes infected and he dies of sepsis less than two months later.source
  • 1397While under house arrest at Calais, awaiting trial for treason against his nephew, King Richard II of England, Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester is assassinated.source
  • 1398James I of Cyprus (born 1334)source
  • 1435Sir Robert Harling, English knight under the Duke of Bedfordsource
  • 1438Edward, King of Portugal (born 1391)source
  • 1487Chenghua Emperor of China (born 1447)source
  • 1488Francis II, Duke of Brittany (fell from a horse) (born 1433)source
  • 1488Francis II, Duke of Brittany.(b.1433)source
  • 1493Mirko Derenčin, Croatian leadersource
  • 1513Alexander Lauder of Blyth, Scottish politician — killed at the Battle of Floddensource
  • 1513William Graham, 1st Earl of Montrose, Scottish politician (born 1464) — killed at the Battle of Floddensource
  • 1513Alexander Stewart, Scottish archbishop (born 1493) — killed at the Battle of Floddensource
  • 1513James IV of Scotland (born 1473) — killed at the Battle of Floddensource
  • 1513George Douglas, Master of Angus (born 1469) — killed at the Battle of Floddensource
  • 1513James IV of Scotland, monarch, killed at Battle of Flodden (born 1473)source
  • 1513Battle of Flodden in Northumberland: heavy defeat of the Scottish army by the English; King James IV and many nobles are killed in battle.source
  • 1515Joseph Volotsky, caesaropapist ideologist of the Russian Orthodox Churchsource
  • 1519René de Prie, French bishop and Cardinal (b.1451)source
  • 1541September 9–11 – Spanish noblewoman Beatriz de la Cueva serves as governor of the colony of Guatemala, before she is killed in a mudslide from Volcán de Agua, which ruins the capital city, Ciudad Vieja.source
  • 1545Charles II, Duke of Orléans, (born 1522)source
  • 1569Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Flemish paintersource
  • 1583Humphrey Gilbert, English explorer (born c. 1537)source
  • 1596Anna Jagiellon, queen of Poland (born 1523)source
  • 1611Eleanor de' Medici, Italian noblewoman (born 1567)source
  • 1703Charles de Saint-Évremond, French soldier, hedonist, essayist and literary critic (born 1613)source
  • 1770Bernhard Siegfried Albinus, German anatomist (born 1697)source
  • 1806William Paterson, Irish-born American judge, signer of the United States Constitution, Governor of New Jersey (born 1745)source
  • 1815John Singleton Copley, American painter (born 1738)source
  • 1901Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, French painter (born 1864)source
  • 1976Mao Zedong, Chinese revolutionary and political theorist, Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (born 1893)source
  • 1976Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party Mao Zedong dies in Beijing after a series of heart attacks.source
  • 1976Mao Zedong, the 1st Paramount leader of China and Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party dies at 82.source
  • 1981Jacques Lacan, 80, French psychoanalyst, psychiatrist and alleged charlatan,Lacan's phallocentric analysis is viewed as providing a useful means of understanding gender biases and imposed roles, Lacan was criticised for being aggressive with his clients, often physically hitting them, sometimes sleeping with them, and charging "exorbitant amounts of money" for each session.source